ASTM D1545-13(2017)

Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the procedures for determining the viscosity of transparent liquids by bubble time method. The transparent liquids should be free from crystalline or gel particles. Test apparatus include a constant-temperature bath, standard viscosity tubes, a series of standard viscosity tubes as reference standards, timing device, tube racks, and viscosity tube corks.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity in bubble seconds by timing. The bubble seconds are approximately equal to stokes for most liquids.  
1.2 The test method is applicable to transparent liquids that are free from crystalline or gel particles.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2017
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.24 - Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1545 − 13 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1545; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.2 Standard Viscosity Tubes of clear glass and with flat
bottoms, 10.65 6 0.025 mm in inside diameter; 114 6 1 mm
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscos-
in outside length. Plainly legible lines shall be located as
ity in bubble seconds by timing. The bubble seconds are
follows (Note 1):
approximately equal to stokes for most liquids.
27 6 0.5 mm
1.2 The test method is applicable to transparent liquids that
100 6 0.5 mm
are free from crystalline or gel particles.
108 6 0.5 mm
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as The distance between the first and second lines shall be 73 6
0.5 mm.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
NOTE 1—All distances shall be measured from the outside bottom of the
tube.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.3 Reference Standards—A series of standard viscosity
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tubes (3.2) filled with transparent liquids having predetermined
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
viscosities in centistokes and bubble seconds as listed in Table
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1. The standards are listed alphabetically from the lowest
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
viscosity to the highest viscosity standard.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.4 Timing Device—Stopwatch or electric stop clock ca-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
pable of being read to a precision of 0.1 s.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.5 Tube Racks, capable of inverting one or more viscosity
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tubes 180° to within 1° of a vertical position while rack and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tubes are immersed in the constant temperature bath.
2. Terminology
3.6 Viscosity Tube Corks, No. 2 short.
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 viscosity, n—the resistance experienced by one portion
4. Procedure
of a liquid moving over another portion of the liquid. The
4.1 Fill a standard viscosity tube with the material to be
absolute unit of viscosity in the cgs, centimeter-gram-second,
tested to approximately level with the 108-mm line.
system is the poise which is expressed as dyne-seconds per
4.2 Transfer the tube to a constant 25°C temperature bath
square centimetre. Stokes are equal to poises divided by
with the cork loosely inserted. Hold at this temperature for 10
density. The absolute SI, International System of Units (metric
min.
system), viscosity unit is the pascal-second.
NOTE 2—Adequate control of the temperature bath is essential. A
3. Apparatus
variation of 0.1°C in the temperature of the bath will cause a 1 % variation
in the timed bubble travel.
3.1 Constant-Temperature Bath—Any suitable bath capable
of maintaining temperature at 25 6 0.1°C with water as the
4.3 At the end of 10 min adjust the level of the liquid so that
bath medium.
the bottom meniscus will be level with the 100-mm line. Insert
the cork so that the bottom of the cork is on the level with the
108-mm line. This will ensure a bubble of suitable and uniform
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
size.
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials.
4.4 Insert the tube in the rack and immerse in the 25°C
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally
water bath. Allow the tube(s) to stand with cork down in the
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D1545 – 13. DOI:
10.1520/D1545-13R17. bath a minimum of 20 min before determining the viscosity.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1545 − 13 (2017)
A
TABLE 1 Recommended numerical Standards for Comparator Viscosity Tubes
Minimum Target Maximum Kinematic Viscosity
Gardner-Hodlt Letter
(Sec) (Sec) (Sec) (cST)
A5 0.641 0.650 0.654 5.1
A4 0.659 0.663 0.682 7.1
A3 0.701 0.720 0.736 14.0
A2 0.751 0.767 0.785 21.3
A1 0.802 0.820 0.845 31.0
A 0.908 0.936 0.961 53.6
B 0.987 1.012 1.042 68.8
C 1.175 1.211 1.247 92.7
D 1.272 1.303 1.342 1
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1545 − 13 D1545 − 13 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1545; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity in bubble seconds by timing. The bubble seconds are
approximately equal to stokes for most liquids.
1.2 The test method is applicable to transparent liquids that are free from crystalline or gel particles.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 viscosity, n—the resistance experienced by one portion of a liquid moving over another portion of the liquid. The absolute
unit of viscosity in the cgs, centimeter-gram-second, system is the poise which is expressed as dyne-seconds per square centimetre.
Stokes are equal to poises divided by density. The absolute SI, International System of Units (metric system), viscosity unit is the
pascal-second.
3. Apparatus
3.1 Constant-Temperature Bath—Any suitable bath capable of maintaining temperature at 25 6 0.1°C with water as the bath
medium.
3.2 Standard Viscosity Tubes of clear glass and with flat bottoms, 10.65 6 0.025 mm in inside diameter; 114 6 1 mm in outside
length. Plainly legible lines shall be located as follows (Note 1):
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and& Paint Materials.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013Dec. 1, 2017. Published March 2013December 2017. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 as
D1545 – 07 (2012).D1545 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D1545-13.10.1520/D1545-13R17.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1545 − 13 (2017)
27 6 0.5 mm
100 6 0.5 mm
108 6 0.5 mm
The distance between the first and second lines shall be 73 6 0.5 mm.
NOTE 1—All distances shall be measured from the outside bottom of the tube.
3.3 Reference Standards—A series of standard viscosity tubes (3.2) filled with transparent liquids having predetermined
viscosities in centistokes and bubble seconds as listed in Table 1. The standards are listed alphabetically from the lowest viscosity
to the highest viscosity standard.
3.4 Timing Device—Stopwatch or electric stop clock capable of being read to a precision of 0.1 s.
3.5 Tube Racks, capable of inverting one or more viscosity tubes 180° to within 1° of a vertical position while rack and tubes
are immersed in the constant temperature bath.
3.6 Viscosity Tube Corks, No. 2 short.
4. Procedure
4.1 Fill a standard viscosity tube with the material to be tested to approximately level with the 108-mm line.
4.2 Transfer the tube to a constant 25°C temperature bath with the cork loosely inserted. Hold at this temperature for 10 min.
NOTE 2—Adequate control of the temperature bath is essential. A variation of 0.1°C in the temperature of the bath will cause a 1 % variation in the
timed bubble travel.
A
TABLE 1 Recommended numerical Standards for Comparator Viscosity Tubes
Minimum Target Maximum Kinematic Viscosity
Gardner-Hodlt Letter
(Sec) (Sec) (Sec) (cST)
A5 0.641 0.650 0.654 5.1
A4 0.659 0.663 0.682 7.1
A3 0.701 0.720 0.736 14.0
A2 0.751 0.767 0.785 21.3
A1 0.802 0.820 0.845 31.0
A 0.908 0.936 0.961 53.6
B 0.987 1.012 1.042 68.8
C 1.175 1.211 1.247 92.7
D 1.272 1.303 1.342 102.9
E 1.453 1.498 1.543 122.7
F 1.620 1.670 1.720 151.9
G 1.795 1.850 1.906 160.0
H 2.086 2.150 2.207 210.8
I 2.263 2.320 2.390 224.2
J 2.668 2.750 2.833 268.2
K 2.927 3.015 3.072 287.9
L 3.128 3.185 3.272 302.3
M 3.358 3.445 3.527 335.4
N 3.608 3.690 3.785 3
...