ASTM D5240/D5240M-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Using Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Using Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Rock for erosion control consists of individual pieces of natural stone. The ability of these individual pieces of stone to resist deterioration due to weathering action affects the stability of the integral placement of rock for erosion control and hence, the stability of construction projects, structures, shorelines, and stream banks.
5.2 The sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate soundness test is one method by which to estimate qualitatively the durability of rock under weathering conditions. This test method was developed to be used in conjunction with additional test methods listed in Practice D4992. This test method does not provide an absolute value, but rather an indication of the resistance to freezing and thawing; therefore, the results of this test method are not to be used as the sole basis for the determination of rock durability.
5.3 This test method has been used to evaluate many different types of rocks. There have been occasions when test results have provided data that have not agreed with the durability of rock under actual field conditions; samples yielding a low soundness loss have disintegrated in actual usage, and the reverse has been true.
Note 1: The quality of results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors and Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of them.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers test procedures for evaluating the soundness of rock for erosion control by the effects of a sodium or magnesium sulfate solution on slabs of rock. It is an accelerated weathering test. The rock slabs, prepared in accordance with procedures in Practice D5121, are intended to be representative of erosion control sized materials and their inherent weaknesses. The test is appropriate for breakwater stone, armor stone, riprap and gabion sized rock materials.
1.1.1 The limitations of this test are twofold. First the test is a simulation of freezing and thawing conditions using accelerated life cycling techniques. The test evaluates the internal expansive force derived from the rehydration of the salt upon re-immersion, an event that may not occur in some natural environments, to simulate the expansion of water rather than the actual freezing of water. Secondly, the size of the cut rock slab specimens may eliminate some of the internal defects present in the rock structure. The test specimens may not be representative of the quality of the larger rock samples used in construction. Careful examination of the rock source and proper sampling are essential in minimizing this limitation.
1.2 The use of reclaimed concrete and other materials for erosion control is beyond the scope of this test method.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved.
1.3.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practi...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5240/D5240M − 20
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of the Durability of Rock for Erosion Control
1
Using Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5240/D5240M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* is slugs. The slug unit is not given unless dynamic (F=ma)
calculations are involved.
1.1 This test method covers test procedures for evaluating
1.3.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction
the soundness of rock for erosion control by the effects of a
profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit
sodium or magnesium sulfate solution on slabs of rock. It is an
of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly
accelerated weathering test. The rock slabs, prepared in accor-
combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the
dance with procedures in Practice D5121, are intended to be
gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to com-
representative of erosion control sized materials and their
bine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a
inherent weaknesses. The test is appropriate for breakwater
single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravita-
stone, armor stone, riprap and gabion sized rock materials.
tional system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the
1.1.1 The limitations of this test are twofold. First the test is
slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales
a simulation of freezing and thawing conditions using accel-
3
recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft
erated life cycling techniques. The test evaluates the internal
shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
expansive force derived from the rehydration of the salt upon
1.3.3 Calculations are done using only one set of units;
re-immersion, an event that may not occur in some natural
either SI or gravitational inch-pound. Other units are
environments, to simulate the expansion of water rather than
permissible, provided appropriate conversion factors are used
the actual freezing of water. Secondly, the size of the cut rock
to maintain consistency of units throughout the calculations,
slab specimens may eliminate some of the internal defects
and similar significant digits or resolution, or both are main-
present in the rock structure. The test specimens may not be
tained.
representative of the quality of the larger rock samples used in
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
construction. Careful examination of the rock source and
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
proper sampling are essential in minimizing this limitation.
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.2 The use of reclaimed concrete and other materials for
1.4.1 For purposes of comparing measured or calculated
erosion control is beyond the scope of this test method.
value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The digits in the specified limits.
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
1.4.2 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
formance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
this standard.
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical
methods for engineering design.
1
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
This test method is under the jurisdic
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D5240/D5240M − 12 (Reapproved 2013) D5240/D5240M − 20
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of the Durability of Rock for Erosion Control
1
Using Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5240/D5240M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially updated units of measurement statement in April 2018.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers test procedures for evaluating the soundness of rock for erosion control by the effects of a sodium
or magnesium sulfate solution on slabs of rock. The test It is an accelerated weathering test that simulates the freezing and thawing
of cold weather exposure. test. The rock slabs, prepared in accordance with procedures in Practice D5121, are intended to be
representative of erosion control sized materials and their inherent weaknesses. The test is appropriate for breakwater stone, armor
stone, riprap and gabion sized rock materials.
The limitations of this test are twofold. First the test is a simulation of freezing and thawing conditions. The internal expansive
force, derived from the rehydration of the salt upon re-immersion, simulates the expansion of water on freezing relying on chemical
crystal formation to simulate freezing rather than the actual freezing of water. Secondly the size of the cut rock slab specimens
may eliminate some of the internal defects present in the rock structure. The test specimens may not be representative of the quality
of the larger rock samples used in construction. Careful examination of the rock source and proper sampling are essential in
minimizing this limitation.
1.1.1 The limitations of this test are twofold. First the test is a simulation of freezing and thawing conditions using accelerated
life cycling techniques. The test evaluates the internal expansive force derived from the rehydration of the salt upon re-immersion,
an event that may not occur in some natural environments, to simulate the expansion of water rather than the actual freezing of
water. Secondly, the size of the cut rock slab specimens may eliminate some of the internal defects present in the rock structure.
The test specimens may not be representative of the quality of the larger rock samples used in construction. Careful examination
of the rock source and proper sampling are essential in minimizing this limitation.
1.2 The use of reclaimed concrete and other materials for erosion control is beyond the scope of this test method.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other
than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf)
represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations
are involved.
1.3.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of
mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational
systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As
stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However,
3
the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft shall not be regarded as
nonconformance with this standard.
1.3.3 Calculations are done using only one set of units; either SI or gravitational inch-pound. Other units are permissible,
provided appropriate conversion factors are used to maintain consistency of units throughout the calculations, and similar
significant digits or resolution, or both are maintained.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct respo
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