ASTM D6895-06(2012)

Standard Test Method for Rotational Viscosity of Heavy Duty Diesel Drain Oils at 100°C

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Rotational viscosity measurements allow the determination of the non-Newtonian, shear thinning property of drain oil. Rotational viscosity values can be compared at a shear rate of 100 s-1 by this test method.2,3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rotational viscosity and the shear thinning properties of heavy duty diesel engine drain oils at 100°C, in the shear rate range of approximately 10 to 300 s-1, in the shear stress range of approximately 0.1 to 10 Pa and the viscosity range of approximately 12 to 35 mPa·s. Rotational viscosity values can be compared at a shear rate of 100 s-1 by this test method.2,3  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2012
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.07 - Flow Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D6895-06 - Standard Test Method for Rotational Viscosity of Heavy Duty Diesel Drain Oils at 100°C
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6895 − 06 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Rotational Viscosity of Heavy Duty Diesel Drain Oils at
100°C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6895; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 maximum point time—instrument setting that limits
the amount of time the instrument will maintain a constant
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rota-
shear stress or shear rate before accepting the value as the
tionalviscosityandtheshearthinningpropertiesofheavyduty
equilibrium value.
diesel engine drain oils at 100°C, in the shear rate range of
-1 3.1.2 rate index—the exponent, c, in these expressions
approximately 10 to 300 s , in the shear stress range of
relating shear rate and shear stress:
approximately 0.1 to 10 Pa and the viscosity range of approxi-
c
shearstress 5 b~shearrate! (1)
mately 12 to 35 mPa·s. Rotational viscosity values can be
-1 2,3
compared at a shear rate of 100 s by this test method.
ln shearstress 5lnb1cln shearrate (2)
~ ! ~ !
3.1.2.1 Discussion—A rate index of c = 1 signifies Newto-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
nian fluid behavior. Values less than one indicate increasing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
non-Newtonian, shear thinning behavior.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3 rotational viscosity—the viscosity obtained by use of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
this test method.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 VIS100 DEC—rotational viscosity at shear rate of 100
-1
s , decreasing shear stress or shear rate sweep.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.5 VIS100 INC—rotational viscosity at shear rate of 100
2.1 ASTM Standards:
-1
s , increasing shear stress or shear rate sweep.
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
4. Summary of Test Method
D5967Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in
4.1 The sample is placed in a controlled stress or controlled
T-8 Diesel Engine
shear rate rheometer/viscometer at 100°C. The sample is
D6299Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
-1
presheared at 10 s for 30 s followed by heating at 100°C for
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
-1
10 min.An increasing shear rate (approximately 10 to 300 s )
Measurement System Performance
or shear stress (0.1 to 10 Pa) sweep is run followed by a
decreasing sweep. The rotational viscosity for each step
3. Terminology
-1
(increasing and decreasing) at 100 s shear rate is interpolated
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
from the viscosity versus shear rate data table. The rate index,
as a measure of shear thinning, is calculated from a plot of ln
(shear stress) versus ln (shear rate).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
5. Significance and Use
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
5.1 Rotationalviscositymeasurementsallowthedetermina-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
tionofthenon-Newtonian,shearthinningpropertyofdrainoil.
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D6895–06. DOI:
10.1520/D6895-06R12. Rotational viscosity values can be compared at a shear rate of
2 -1 2,3
Selby, K., “Rheology of Soot–thickened Diesel Engine Oils,” SAE 981369,
100 s by this test method.
May 1998.
George, H. F., Bardasz, E.A., and Soukup, B., “Understanding SMOTthrough
6. Apparatus
Designed Experimentation Part 3: An Improved approach to Drain Oil Viscosity
Measurements—Rotational Rheology,” SAE 97692, May 1997.
6.1 This test method uses rheometers/viscometers of the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
controlled stress or controlled rate mode of operation.The test
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
method requires the use of concentric cylinder measuring
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. geometry or cone and plate measuring geometries, with a
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6895 − 06 (2012)
-1
minimumconediameterof50mm,capableofoperatinginthe between 0.98 to 1.02 and a viscosity value at 100 s , mPa·s,
range of approximately 0.1 to 10 Pa for shear stress and 10 to VIS100. Control chart the values of VIS100 and rate index.
-1
300 s for shear rate. The procedure shall be checked and the instrument calibration
rechecked if the reference oil does not fall within control
6.2 Instrument data logging or software shall be capable of
limits. Practice D6299 shall be used as a guide in this area.
delivering shear stress versus shear rate data and viscosity
versus shear rate data in tabular form. During the experiment, 10.3 Some instruments and geometries will exhibit signifi-
a minimum of 20 points must be taken. The method for data cant instrument/electronic noise at low shear stress or low
logging shall be an equilibrium method where the controlled shear rate levels, or both. This may be determined by plotting
stress or controlled rate value is held constant until the data viscosity versus shear rate or viscosity versus shear stress for
pointequilibriumisreached.Theuseofamaximumpointtime measurements of the standard oil.Ahorizontal line is obtained
is acceptable, but it must be set to at least 30 s. in regions far from noise. Annex A1 shows two examples of
thistypeofplot.Theminimumshearrateorshearstresstouse
6.3 Temperature shall be controlled to 100 6 0.2°C at
intheanalysisofdatacanthenbedeterminedfortheparticular
equilibrium. Some rheometers have a 99.9°C set point limit
instrument and geometry.
and would be acceptable for this test method.
11. Conditioning
7. Reagents and Materials
11.1 Shakeallnewandusedoilsamplesusingthefollowing
7.1 Standard Newtonian Reference Oil,calibratedinviscos-
procedure. Do not prepare more than two samples at one time
ity in the range of 12 to 35 mPa·s at 100°C.
for one instrument.
8. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
11.2 Ensure cap is tight on container.
8.1 Ensure the test specimen is homogeneous. Engine sam-
11.3 Shake vigorously by hand for 30 s. Wait 60 s for air
pling is generally specified in the test method, for example,
bubbles to dissipate.
Test Method D5967. Manual sampling from the container can
11.4 A specimen of the sample shall be taken for analysis
be done in accordance with Practice D4057.
promptly following the shaking and dissipation procedure of
11.3.
9. Preparation of Apparatus
9.1 Prepare the apparatus in accordance with manufacturers
12. Procedure
directions. The apparatus shall be capable of viscosity mea-
12.1 Run the procedure in accordance with the instrument
surementtowithin5%ofthestandardNewtonianreferenceoil
geometry requirements and the manufacturers’ recommenda-
viscosity and a rate index value of 0.98 to 1.02 indicating a
tions to obtain shear stress versus shear rate data in the ranges
Newtonian fluid.
-1
of 0.1 to 10 Pa and 10 to 300 s . The order of steps is as
follows:
10. Calibration and Standardization
12.1.1 Load sample.
10.1 A Newtonian viscosity standard in the range 12 to 35
12.1.2 Equilibrate at 100°C (minimum 5 min, maximum 10
mPa·s at 100°C shall be used to verify instrument calibration.
min).
Run the procedure as in Section 12.Aplot of shear stress (Pa)
-1
12.1.3 Preshear sample at 10 s for 30 s.
-1
versus shear rate (s ) shall be linearly regressed to yield a
12.1.4 Stop preshear.
slope and intercept. Results shall be:
12.1.5 Preheat sample at 100°C for 10 min.
Intercept, < 0.1 Pa
12.1.6 Run increasing stress or rate sweep for duration of
Slope = viscosity value within 5 % of certified value, mPa·s
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