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ASTM D6037-13

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings

Standard Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coatings, particularly the high gloss coatings used on automobiles, boats, toys, etc., are subject to a wide variety of conditions (for example, wiping, cleaning, and exposure) that can mar their surface. The ability of these coatings to maintain their appearance is an important product attribute. These test methods provide a way to estimate the ability of high gloss coatings to resist mar damage.  
5.2 These test methods do not provide fundamental values. However they are suitable for estimating the ability of high gloss coatings to resist mar.  
5.3 Since the susceptibility of coatings to marring varies widely, the number of cycles that are needed to cause “relevant” mar damage also varies. Usually, 2 to 50 cycles are sufficient.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating the relative mar resistance of high gloss coatings. Two test methods are included. Test Method A uses a device that contains a rotating specimen holder and two abrasive wheels. Test Method B uses a device that contains a reciprocating specimen holder and a single wheel that has been fitted with abrasive paper. Either method can be used to evaluate the dry abrasion mar resistance of coatings applied to planar, rigid surfaces. Each test method provides good discrimination between highly mar resistant coatings.Note 1—The mar resistance values obtained by these test methods have no absolute significance. They should only be used to derive relative performance rankings for test panels that have been prepared from the series of coatings that are currently being evaluated. If mar resistance values are quoted between laboratories, it is essential that a common standard be measured and that the values be compared to that standard. Even then, the values should be used with caution.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2013
ICS
25.220.01 - Surface treatment and coating in general
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.23 - Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6037-96(2008) - Standard Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Replaced By
ASTM D6037-13e1 - Standard Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D6279-20 - Standard Test Method for Rub Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D5324-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM G195-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D7187-20 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Mechanistic Aspects of Scratch/Mar Behavior of Paint Coatings by Nanoscratching
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D5146-10(2019) - Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013

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REDLINE ASTM D6037-13 - Standard Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss CoatingsREDLINE ASTM D6037-13 - Standard Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6037 − 13
StandardTest Methods for
1
Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6037; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating the
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
relative mar resistance of high gloss coatings. Two test
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
methods are included. Test Method A uses a device that
D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and
contains a rotating specimen holder and two abrasive wheels.
Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
Test Method B uses a device that contains a reciprocating
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
specimen holder and a single wheel that has been fitted with
Coatings by the Taber Abraser
abrasive paper. Either method can be used to evaluate the dry
D4449 Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differ-
abrasion mar resistance of coatings applied to planar, rigid
ences Between Surfaces of Similar Appearance
surfaces. Each test method provides good discrimination be-
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
tween highly mar resistant coatings.
Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
NOTE1—Themarresistancevaluesobtainedbythesetestmethodshave
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
no absolute significance. They should only be used to derive relative
performance rankings for test panels that have been prepared from the
ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
series of coatings that are currently being evaluated. If mar resistance
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
values are quoted between laboratories, it is essential that a common
ASTM Test Methods
standard be measured and that the values be compared to that standard.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Even then, the values should be used with caution.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 mar resistance, n—the ability of a coating to resist
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
permanent deformation or fracture, resulting from the applica-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tion of a dynamic mechanical force. These test methods
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
measure resistance to visible damage caused by mild abrasion.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
2
4.1 The coatings that are being evaluated are applied at
2.1 ASTM Standards:
uniform dry film thickness to planar panels of uniform surface
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
texture. After drying or curing, or both, the panels are marred.
D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
Mar resistance is assessed by measuring the coating’s gloss
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
within the abraded and unabraded areas of test panels. Mar
Related Coating Products
resistance is directly related to the coating’s ability to retain
gloss in abraded areas.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
5. Significance and Use
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint
5.1 Coatings, particularly the high gloss coatings used on
Films.
automobiles, boats, toys, etc., are subject to a wide variety of
Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally
conditions (for example, wiping, cleaning, and exposure) that
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6037 – 96 (2008).
DOI: 10.1520/D6037-13.
can mar their surface. The ability of these coatings to maintain
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
their appearance is an important product attribute. These test
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
methods provide a way to estimate the ability of high gloss
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. coatings to resist mar damage.
*A Summary of Changes sect
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6037 − 96 (Reapproved 2008) D6037 − 13
Standard Test Methods for
1
Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6037; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating the relative mar resistance of high gloss coatings. Two test methods are
included. Test Method A uses a device that contains an abrasive wheel.a rotating specimen holder and two abrasive wheels. Test
Method B uses a device that contains a reciprocating specimen holder and a single wheel that has been fitted with abrasive paper.
Either method can be used to evaluate the dry abrasion mar resistance of coatings applied to planar, rigid surfaces. Each test method
provides good discrimination between highly mar resistant coatings.
1.2 Mar resistance is assessed by measuring the gloss of abraded and unabraded areas. Mar resistance is directly related to the
coating’s ability to retain gloss in abraded areas.
NOTE 1—The mar resistance values obtained by these test methods have no absolute significance. They should only be used to derive relative
performance rankings for test panels that have been prepared from the series of coatings that are currently being evaluated. If mar resistance values are
quoted between laboratories, it is essential that a common standard be measured and that the values be compared to that standard. Even then, the values
should be used with caution.
NOTE 1—The mar resistance values obtained by these test methods have no absolute significance. They should only be used to derive relative
performance rankings for test panels that have been prepared from the series of coatings that are currently being evaluated. If mar resistance values are
quoted between laboratories, it is essential that a common standard be measured and that the values be compared to that standard. Even then, the values
should be used with caution.
1.2 The values stated in inch-poundSI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered No other units of measurement are included
in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and Related Coating
Products
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
D1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to a Ferrous
3
Base (Withdrawn 2006)
D1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a
3
Nonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness
D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
D4449 Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differences Between Surfaces of Similar Appearance
1
ThisThese test method ismethods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and isare the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008June 1, 2013. Published July 2008August 2013. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 as
D6037 - 96 (2002).D6037 – 96 (2008). DOI: 10.1520/D6037-96R08.10.1520/D6037-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
...

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5.1 Coatings, particularly the high gloss coatings used on automobiles, boats, toys, etc., are subject to a wide variety of conditions (for example, wiping, cleaning, and exposure) that can mar their surface. The ability of these coatings to maintain their appearance is an important product attribute. These test methods provide a way to estimate the ability of high gloss coatings to resist mar damage.  
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1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating the relative mar resistance of high gloss coatings. Two test methods are included. Test Method A uses a device that rotates the test specimen on a vertical axis, against the sliding rotation of two abrading wheels. Test Method B uses a device that reciprocates a specimen in a horizontal plane over a stationary wheel that has been fitted with abrasive paper and is advanced after each double stroke. Either method can be used to evaluate the dry abrasion mar resistance of coatings applied to planar, rigid surfaces. Each test method provides good discrimination between highly mar resistant coatings.
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ASTM D6990-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Evaluating Biofouling Resistance and Physical Performance of Marine Coating Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is designed to provide guidance to a panel inspector for quantitative and consistent evaluation of coating performance from test panels coated with marine antifouling coating systems. The practice assesses performance of coating systems based on both antifouling and physical properties.  
5.2 The user is cautioned that the results are representative for the specific region and time of year in which the specimens are immersed. It shall be noted that interpretation of results will depend on the geographical location where the test is conducted, whether the coated specimens are exposed either totally or partially immersed, under static or dynamic conditions, and position and orientation.  
5.3 Simultaneous testing of a proven standard antifouling coating system (known to minimize fouling accumulation, for example, containing biocide or active agent(s) to prevent fouling settlement/growth) in the specific marine environment shall be included as a reference to assist in interpretation of results. In addition, a negative control (inert surface susceptible to heavy fouling) shall be included on a regular basis. For the exposure to be valid, the surface of the negative control should show heavy fouling relative to the standard system(s).  
5.4 Marine coating systems that produce positive results relevant to the standard system(s) show potential for use in protecting underwater marine structures.  
5.5 The format can be utilized independent of exposure protocol and coating type, and provides the end user with a consistent practice and format for reporting of performance rating.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a practice for evaluating degree of biofouling settlement on and physical performance of marine coating systems when panels coated with such coating systems are subjected to immersion conditions in a marine environment. Guidance for preparation or exposure and handling of test specimens can be found in related ASTM standards as noted below (see Section 2).  
1.2 This practice and related exposure methodologies are designed as tools for the relative assessment of coating performance, and in no way are to be used as an absolute indicator of long-term performance under all conditions and in all environments. There can be high variability among and within exposure sites with respect to water quality and population or species of fouling organisms, and coating performance may vary with these and other properties.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazard statement is given in Section 6.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8331/D8331M-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Film Thickness of Thin-Film Coatings by Non-Destructive Means Using Ruggedized Optical Interference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Coating film thickness plays a critical role in the performance of the final product. This includes physical properties (abrasion/scratch resistance, color, gloss), chemical properties (solvent resistance), corrosion resistance, and long-term durability (color change, chalk, fade).  
4.2 The non-destructive measurement system based on ruggedized optical interference transforms signal outputs in coating film thickness using digital formulas (or “recipes”) which are reproducible from one instrument to another.  
4.3 The ROI measurement unit takes a significant number of measurements which can be read in a determined period of time and each of these data points is recorded and reportable.  
4.4 Due to the number of variables that can affect film thickness during application and the number of variables that must be set in the measurement unit while determining a recipe, it is important for the producer and the user to agree upon recipe settings depending on the coating system.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method encompasses measuring the film thickness of a coil coated organic coating layer. Operators can use this method in process during the coating application or in a laboratory setting.  
1.2 This test method does not specify the expected film thickness/test results for a coating, nor the specific “recipe” file needed to measure a coating.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6686-01(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Tannin Stain Resistance of Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tannins and other chromophoric extractives are naturally occurring materials in wood and wood-based substrates. Tannins are prevalent to a high degree in cedar, redwood, oak, and to a lesser degree in white and yellow pine. Tannins are also present in varying amounts in wood composition products. These extractives are solubilized and darkened in color by aqueous coatings, resulting in unsightly yellow or brown discolorations. This test method is designed to show the relative ability of paints to prevent tannin bleed-through. Typically, cedar or redwood panels are used for this test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is an accelerated procedure to determine the effectiveness of latex coatings at preventing the migration of tannin stains from wood substrates.  
1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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