ASTM D2563-94
(Practice)Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Glass-Reinforced Plastic Laminate Parts
Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Glass-Reinforced Plastic Laminate Parts
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual inspection of parts made from glass-reinforced plastic laminates.
1.2 This practice presents word descriptions of possible defects to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product specifications, and final inspection.
1.3 This practice also categorizes different inspection requirements for levels of product quality.
1.4 The allowable size and frequency of permitted defects within the acceptance level categories of this specification are general and not related to specific service requirements. A Level IV of allowable defects which defines allowable size, frequency, and permitted repair procedures should be established for specific service requirements as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this practice.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: D 2563 – 94 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Classifying Visual Defects in Glass-Reinforced Plastic
Laminate Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2563; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope other damage. There shall be no laminate materials or flash on
the threads. If necessary, threaded inserts may be retapped to
1.1 This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual in-
clean them or remove flash. Threads containing locking fea-
spection of parts made from glass-reinforced plastic laminates.
tures or coated for corrosion resistance shall not be retapped.
1.2 One objective of this recommended practice is to
2.4 Molded-In Threads or Cored Holes— Molded-in
present word descriptions of possible defects to serve as a
threads or cored holes shall be free of visible defects such as
guide for contracts, drawings, product specifications, and final
chips, cracks, shorts, etc. Molded-in threads may be retapped
inspection.
or repaired unless otherwise specifically noted on the product
1.3 This practice also categorizes different inspection re-
drawings.
quirements for levels of product quality.
2.5 Workmanship—Workmanship shall be in accordance
1.4 The allowable size and frequency of permitted defects
with good commercial practices as listed in Table 1 for
within the acceptance level categories of this specification are
applicable acceptance levels.
general and not related to specific service requirements. A
2.6 Critical Area—Some portions of a part may be consid-
Level IV of allowable defects which defines allowable size,
ered more critical than others. A critical area is here defined as
frequency, and permitted repair procedures should be estab-
an area in which the presence of imperfections is considered to
lished for specific service requirements as agreed upon be-
be most detrimental. The areas of parts that are critical
tween the purchaser and the supplier.
structurally, aerodynamically, or electrically shall be uniform
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
and free of defects as listed in Table 1, if so stated on the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
product drawing. Critical areas may be designated on the
only.
product drawing by one of the following methods:
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.6.1 Encircle critical areas, or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.6.2 Cross-hatch areas to designate areas of various levels,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
or
piate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2.6.3 Word description.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.7 Allowable Defects, Visual—The defects in noncritical
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this practice.
areas which by nature, content, or frequency do not affect
serviceability of the part are designated as allowable defects.
2. Acceptance Criteria
Allowable defects shall be fully described as to type, size,
2.1 The method and frequency of sampling and the allow-
number, extent allowed, and spacing. The appropriate accep-
able defects may be previously agreed upon between the
tance level (Table 1) for defects in these areas must be
purchaser and the seller.
specified. Where Level IV is used the defects must be fully
2.2 Dimensions and Tolerances—Parts shall be inspected
described on the product drawing. Defects greater than those
for conformance with dimensions and tolerances specified on
listed in the product specifications, drawings, or contracts for
the drawings. Any dimensions falling outside the specified
the part shall be cause for rejection.
limits shall be cause for rejection.
2.8 Repairable Defects—Repairable defects, if any, shall
2.3 Inserts—All inserts, nuts, studs, and lugs shall not be
consist of those which can be repaired without affecting the
damaged in any way, nor coated with laminate materials in
serviceability of the part unless prohibited in the product
such a way as to impair function or mechanical fit. Threads in
drawing or in the contract. Acceptable methods of repair shall
molded-in inserts shall be clean, smooth, free of nicks, tears, or
be agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller and shall
be only as specified in the product drawing or contracts for the
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics part.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermoset-
2.9 Surface Finish—The over-all surface finish of laminates
ting Plastics.
may vary with the process used and the type of reinforcement.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1994. Published April 1994. Originally
Unless surface finish is specified on part drawings, contracts, or
published as D 2563 – 66 T. Last previous edition D 2563 – 70 (1987)e .
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2563
NOTE 2—Typical defects as outlined in the word descriptions of Table
orders from the purchaser, parts shall not be rejected for any
1 are illustrated in Figs. 1-21.
reading less than 150 rms. Defects shall be considered as not
included in over-all surface finish.
3.2 Acceptance Level I—Presence of any defects in excess
2.10 Surface Appearance—The surface appearance or
of those listed in Table 1, Level I, shall be cause for rejection,
color, or both, of laminated parts can vary considerably
unless otherwise specified in Table 1, Level I.
depending on the process used to make the laminate, thickness,
3.3 Acceptance Level II—Presence of more than one defect
type of reinforcement, type of resin, resin-to-reinforcement
of those listed in Table 1, Level II, for each estimated 10 in.
ratio and the presence of defects. Any questions concerning
of surface shall be cause for rejection, unless otherwise
surface appearance and its influence on the properties of the
specified in Table 1, Level II. No defect area shall be less than
part should be brought to the attention of the responsible
2 in. from another.
materials engineer.
3.4 Acceptance Level III—Presence of more than two de-
fects of those listed in Table 1, Level III, for each estimated 13
3. Acceptance Levels 2
mm (5 in.) of urface shall be cause for rejection, unless
3.1 Visual Inspection—Each part shall be checked visually
otherwise specified in Table 1, Level III. No defect area shall
without the aid of magnification. Defects shall be classified as
be less than 1 in. from another.
to type and level as shown in Table 1 (see Note 2). The
3.5 Acceptance Level IV—To be specified on the product
acceptable quality level shall be determined by reference to the
drawing.
part drawing for the applicable acceptance level for allowable
4. Keywords
defects. If none of the first three levels (Level I, II, III) is
considered applicable, the level shall be Level IV, and allow-
4.1 reinforced thermosetting plastics; visual defects
able defects must be specified on the product drawing. Any
excess of defects as specified under the required level shall be
cause for rejection. Unless otherwise specified, dimensions are 2
Full-size (8 by 10-in.) glossy prints of these typical defects are available at a
surface dimensions. nominal charge from ASTM Headquarters. Order Adjunct: ADJD2563.
TABLE 1 Allowable Defects
Visual Acceptance Levels
Name Definition
Level I Level II Level III
Chip a small piece broken off an edge or surface none maximum dimension of break, 3.0 mm maximum dimension of break, 6.5 mm
1 1
( ⁄8 in.) ( ⁄4 in.)
Crack an actual separation of the laminate, visible on none none none
opposite surfaces, and extending through the
thickness
1 1
Crack, surface crack existing only on the surface of the none maximum length, 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 in.) maximum length 6.5 mm ( ⁄4 in.)
laminate
Crazing fine cracks at or under the surface of a none maximum dimension of crazing, 13 mm maximum dimension of crazing, 25 mm
laminate ( ⁄2 in.) (1 in.).
frequency and location to be determined by customer
1 1
Delamination, edge separation of the layers of material at the edge none maximum dimension, 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 in.) maximum dimension, 6.5 mm ( ⁄4 in.)
of a laminate
Delamination, separation of the layers of materia
...
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