ASTM D2687-95(2001)
(Practice)Standard Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials
Standard Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice will be used most frequently to sample materials as received from the manufacturer in the original shipping container and prior to any resin-conditioning procedure. Since certain ion-exchange materials are supplied by the manufacturer in the dry or free-flowing state whereas others are supplied moist, it is necessary to employ two different sampling devices. Therefore, this practice is divided into Sampling Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material, and Sampling Procedure—Moist Material.
Once the sample is obtained, it is necessary to protect the ion-exchange materials from changes. Samples should be placed in sealable, gasproof containers immediately.
SCOPE
DESIG: D 2687 95 (Reapproved 2001) ^TITLE: Standard Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials ^SCOPE:
1.1 These practices cover procedures for obtaining representative samples of ion-exchange materials. The following practices are included:SectionsPractice A-Sampling from a Single Package andMultiple Package Lots or Shipments 4 to 10Practice B-Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-ExchangeEquipment Having Unrestricted Head Room 11 to 15Practice C-Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-ExchangeEquipment Having Restricted Head Room 16 to 21
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D 2687 – 95 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Practices for
Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Significance and Use
1.1 These practices cover procedures for obtaining repre- 5.1 This practice will be used most frequently to sample
sentative samples of ion-exchange materials. The following materials as received from the manufacturer in the original
practices are included: shipping container and prior to any resin-conditioning proce-
dure. Since certain ion-exchange materials are supplied by the
Sections
PracticeA—Sampling from a Single Package and
manufacturerinthedryorfree-flowingstatewhereasothersare
Multiple Package Lots or Shipments 4to10
supplied moist, it is necessary to employ two different sam-
Practice B—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
pling devices. Therefore, this practice is divided into Sampling
Equipment Having Unrestricted Head Room 11to15
Practice C—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material, and Sampling
Equipment Having Restricted Head Room 16to21
Procedure—Moist Material.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.2 Once the sample is obtained, it is necessary to protect
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the ion-exchange materials from changes. Samples should be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
placed in sealable, gasproof containers immediately.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.1 Sampling Devices, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
2. Referenced Documents
6.2 Sealable, Gasproof Containers, for sample storage.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.3 Sample Quartering Materials—A 0.5 by 0.5 m (20 by
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
20 in.) sheet of glazed paper, oil cloth, or flexible plastic film.
3. Terminology
7. Kind and Number of Samples
3.1 Definitions—Certain terms in these practices that relate
7.1 For a representative sample from a single package, a
to ion exchange are defined in Terminology D 1129.
minimum of three probes or increments should be taken with
the sampling device.
PRACTICE A—SAMPLING FROM A SINGLE
7.2 For a representative sample from a multiple package lot
PACKAGE AND MULTIPLE PACKAGE LOTS OR
or shipment:
SHIPMENT
7.2.1 If the markings on the package indicate the material to
be sampled is from a single lot (batch or manufacturing run),
4. Summary of Practice
the number of packages selected shall be not less than 10 % of
4.1 A hollow, sample-probe guide that is comprised of
the packages received. When less than 30 packages are
mating threaded sections and that can be extended to any
received, a minimum of three packages shall be chosen at
convenient length by the addition of more sections, is inserted
random for sampling. If a single lot contains more than 30
into an ion-exchange unit.Asampling tube is inserted through
packages and the order of filling is designated on the packages,
the probe guide and is connected to a vacuum source. Ion-
the first, last, and middle packages shall be sampled. If the
exchange material is removed by eduction.Acore sampler also
results of the analysis of these three samples agree within the
may be used.
limits of precision of the test methods used, further samples
from the lot need not be taken. If they are not in agreement,
additional samples may be taken at the option of the parties
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
concerned.When the entire shipment oran entire lot consists of
and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
Exchange Materials.
Current edition approved April 15, 1995. Published June 1995. Originally
published as D 2687 – 68 T. Last previous edition D 2687 – 84 (1990). The sampling device described in Fig. 2 is the same as that used in ASTM
These practices were developed from activities withinASTM Committee D-19. Methods C 183, Sampling Hydraulic Cement, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. 14.01.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
D 2687 – 95 (2001)
8.1.9 Alternatively, the sampling tube (Fig. 1) may be used
for sampling dry or free-flowing resin. Follow procedure given
in Section 9. Loss of resin from the bottom of the sampler may
occur and cause bias in the sample.
8.2 If the ion-exchange material is dry or free-flowing and
the outer package is a bag:
8.2.1 Transfer the contents of the bag to a drum which has
FIG. 1 51-mm (2-in.) Inside Diameter Plastic Tube with 2.4-mm
a diameter less than its height and will hold the entire contents
( ⁄32-in.) Wall Thickness Ion-Exchanger Sampling Tube
of the bag.
8.2.2 Proceed in accordance with 8.1.
NOTE 3—The sampling device (Fig. 2) can allow resin entering the
upper openings to fall into the bottom portion of the device, thereby
NOTE 1—This device shall be between 1.2 and 1.5 m (4 and 5 ft) long
3 biasing the sample.
and about 35 mm (1 ⁄8 in.) in outside diameter. It shall consist of two
polished brass telescopic tubes with registering slots which are opened or
9. Sampling Procedure—Moist Material
closed by rotation of the inner tube, the outer tube being provided with a
point to facilitate penetration 9.1 If the ion-exchange material is moist and contained in a
FIG. 2 Slotted Tube Sample for Ion-Exchange Resins
drum:
9.1.1 Upend the drum and allow to stand 16 h (overnight) to
redistribute any excess water that may be present.
three packages or less, a sample shall be taken from each
9.1.2 Right drum, rock it slightly from several sides for
package. The number of samples taken with the sampling
uniform packing and open.
device should not be less than three per individual package.
9.1.3 The points chosen for probing on the surface should
7.2.2 If the shipment consists of more than one lot (batch or
lie on a circle approximately two thirds of the diameter of the
manufacturing run) of material, sample each lot separately as
drum.
in 7.2.1. For a representative sample of the entire shipment, the
9.1.4 Rapidly thrust the sampling tube (Fig. 1) to the bottom
numberofpackagessampledperlotshouldbeinthesameratio
of the drum.
as the number of packages of that lot in the entire shipment.
9.1.5 Withdraw the sampling device.
For example, if the shipment consists of 40 drums of lot x and
9.1.6 Empty the contents into the sample container.
60 drums of lot y, sample four drums of lot x and six drums of
9.1.7 Repeat 9.1.4 through 9.1.6 until sufficient sample is
lot y.
obtained.Aminimumofthreeprobesorincrementsisrequired.
If the sample obtained is larger than required, reduce the
8. Sampling Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material
sample using the quartering technique given in 10.1.
8.1 If the ion-exchange material is dry or free-flowing and
9.1.8 Seal the sample container and affix label as outlined in
contained in a drum:
Section 11.
8.1.1 Rock the drum slightly from several sides for uniform
9.2 If the ion-exchange material is moist and the outer
packing and open.
package is a bag:
8.1.2 The points chosen for probing on the surface should
9.2.1 Transfer the contents of the bag to a drum that has a
lie on a circle approximately two thirds the diameter of the
diameter less than its height and will hold the entire contents of
drum and uniformly spaced.
the bag.
8.1.3 Rotatetheinnertubeofthesamplingdevice(Fig.2)to
9.2.2 Proceed in accordance with 9.1.
the closed position, and thrust the sampling device to the
bottom of the drum.
10. Quartering Procedure
8.1.4 Rotate the inner tube to the open position and collect
10.1 Using a sheet of glazed paper, oil cloth, or flexible
the sample by moving the top of the sampling device in a circle
plastic film:
(about75to150mm(3to6in.)indiameter)severaltimeswith
10.1.1 Empty the sample container into the center of the
the open sections forward.
sheet.
8.1.5 Rotate the inner tube to the closed position and
10.1.2 Flatten out the sample gently with the palm of the
remove the sampling device from the drum.
hand until the ion-exchange material is approximately 25 mm
(1 in.) thick.
NOTE 1—The sharp point of the sampling device may pierce the drum
liner. Have the point rounded slightly (by grinding, filing, etc.).
10.1.3 Remix the sample by lifting a corner of the sheet and
NOTE 2—Corrosion may occur after only a few months on this type of
drawingitacross,lowdown,totheoppositecornerinamanner
sampling device and will render it unsuitable for resin sampling.
that the material is made to roll over and over and does not
8.1.6 Empty the contents into the sample container. merely slide along. Continue operation with each corner,
8.1.7 Repeat 8.1.3 through 8.1.6 until sufficient sample is proceeding in a clockwise direction. Repeat this operation
obtained.Aminimumofthreeprobesorincrementsisrequired. three times.
If the sample obtained is larger than required, reduce the 10.1.4 Lift all four corners of the sheet towards the center
sample using the quartering techniques given in 10.1. and holding all four corners together, raise the entire sheet into
8.1.8 Seal the sample container and affix label as outlined in the air to form a pocket for the ion-exchange material.
Section 11. 10.1.5 Repeat 10.1.2.
D 2687 – 95 (2001)
10.1.6 With a straightedge at least as long as the flattened portion of 14.1 and 14.2 relating to conversion of the ion-
mound of ion-exchange material (such as a thin edged yard exchange material to the regenerated form may be omitted.
stick) gently divide the sample into quarters. An effort should 12.5 The sampling procedure outlined in this practice will
be made to avoid using pressure on the straightedge sufficient be difficult in locations with restricted head room above the
to cause damage to particles of ion-exchange material. ion-exchange unit.
10.1.7 Discard alternate quarters.
13. Apparatus
10.1.8 If further reduction of sample size is necessary,
13.1 Sampling Device,asshowninFig.1,Fig.3,Fig.4,and
repeat 10.1.3 through 10.1.7. A minimum 1-litre sample is
required for complete analysis. Fig. 5.
13.2 Containers, sealable, gas-proof, for sample storage.
11. Sample Labeling
14. Preparation for Sampling
11.1 Immediately upon placing each sample in its sample
14.1 For units containing a physical mixture of cation and
container, affix a label, cardboard, or linen tag to the container.
anion-exchange resin, backwash the bed following exhaustion,
11.2 Note the following information on the label or tag as
regenerate, rinse, and air mix as in normal operating proce-
soon as it becomes available. If this information is too
dures.
voluminous for inclusion on the label or tag, forward it in a
14.2 For all other units, backwash the bed following ex-
separate letter with appropriate cross reference with the iden-
haustion, regenerate, and rinse as in normal operating proce-
tification on the sample container:
dure.
11.2.1 Name of company manufacturing the material.
14.3 Open access opening on top of ion-exchange equip-
11.2.2 Manufacturer’s product name,
ment. Drain water, just to the top of the bed.
11.2.3 Type of material and ionic form, if known,
14.3.1 Caution—If the ion-exchange unit has been operat-
11.2.4 Location where material was sampled, including
ing at temperatures above 100°C (212°F) it should be cooled
company name and complete address,
prior to opening to avoid flashing.
11.2.5 Date and time of sampling,
11.2.6 Approximate age of ion-exchange material, if
15. Sampling Procedure
known,
15.1 Select a minimum of 6 points evenly spaced, and if
11.2.7 Number of cycles,
possible, on a circle approximately two thirds the diameter of
11.2.8 Throughput volume, litres per cubic metre (gallons
the bed.
per cubic foot),
15.2 Thrust the sampling rod (Fig. 3) through the ion-
11.2.9 Type of service or application,
exchange material until the subfill or bed support can be felt.
11.2.10 Reason for sampling, and
11.2.11 Signature and title of sampler.
NOTE 4—Caution: Care should be exercised not to damage internal
parts, especially in the case of interfacial distributors in mixed bed units.
PRACTICE B—SAMPLING FROM FIXED BED ION-
15.3 With a gentle up and down motion, slip the sampling
EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT HAVING UNRESTRICTED
tube (Fig. 1) over the top of the sample rod and through the
HEAD ROOM
ion-exchange material to seat on the upper conical stopper
(Fig. 6).
12. Significance and Use
15.4 Pull up on the rod to withdraw the sample tube.
12.1 Thepurposeofthispractice,“toobtainarepresentative
15.5 Check to make certain the tube is filled. It may take
sample from an ion-exchange unit,” implies further testing will
several attempts to perfect this technique and obtain a full
be performed on the sample obtained.
sample tube.
12.2 If information as to the operation of a particular
15.6 Empty the contents into the sample container.
ion-exchangeunitisdesired,samplingoftheresinattheendof
15.7 Repeat steps 15.2 through 15.6 until sufficient sample
the regeneration cycle will yield a sample from which more
is obtained (a minimum of 6 probes or increments is required).
information can be obtained than from an exhausted sample.
15.8 Alternatively, a core sampler (Fig. 5) may be used to
Analysis of ion-exchange materials in the regenerated form
obtain the minimum six increments at points located according
will permit a determination of the efficiency of regeneration
to 15.1.The sampler must reach to within the bottom 50 mm (2
under plant conditions, a determination of metallic, organic or
in.) of the ion-exchange bed.
siliceous residues which are not removed in normal plant
15.9 Seal the sample container.
regeneration,andparticularlyinthecaseofmixedbedsystems,
15.10 If the sample obtained is larger than required, reduce
will detect such problems as insufficient mixing and backwash-
the sample using the quartering technique given in Section 10.
ing.
12.3 This practice will not retrieve ion-exchange material
16. Sample Labeling
from the bottom 50 mm (2 in.) of a unit without subfill
16.1 Immediately upon placing each sample in its sample
(supporting bed).
container, affix a label or tag to the container with the
12.4 In this practice, the sample is taken in the regenerated
form. However, in cases where the sample will be completely
reconditioned before ana
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