ASTM D2687-95(2007)e1
(Practice)Standard Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials
Standard Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice will be used most frequently to sample materials as received from the manufacturer in the original shipping container and prior to any resin-conditioning procedure. Since certain ion-exchange materials are supplied by the manufacturer in the dry or free-flowing state whereas others are supplied moist, it is necessary to employ two different sampling devices. Therefore, this practice is divided into Sampling Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material (Section 8), and Sampling Procedure—Moist Material (Section 9).
Once the sample is obtained, it is necessary to protect the ion-exchange materials from changes. Samples should be placed in sealable, gasproof containers immediately.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover procedures for obtaining representative samples of ion-exchange materials. The following practices are included:
Sections Practice A—Sampling from a Single Package and
Multiple Package Lots or Shipments
4 to 11 Practice B—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
Equipment Having Unrestricted Head Room
12 to 16 Practice C—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
Equipment Having Restricted Head Room
17 to 21
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
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Designation:D2687 −95(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Practices for
Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Warning notes were moved into the standard text editorially in January 2008.
1. Scope convenient length by the addition of more sections, is inserted
2 into an ion-exchange unit.Asampling tube is inserted through
1.1 These practices cover procedures for obtaining repre-
the probe guide and is connected to a vacuum source. Ion-
sentative samples of ion-exchange materials. The following
exchange material is removed by eduction.Acore sampler also
practices are included:
may be used.
Sections
PracticeA—Sampling from a Single Package and
Multiple Package Lots or Shipments 4to 11 5. Significance and Use
Practice B—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
5.1 This practice will be used most frequently to sample
Equipment Having Unrestricted Head Room 12to16
Practice C—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
materials as received from the manufacturer in the original
Equipment Having Restricted Head Room 17to21
shipping container and prior to any resin-conditioning proce-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
dure. Since certain ion-exchange materials are supplied by the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
manufacturerinthedryorfree-flowingstatewhereasothersare
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
supplied moist, it is necessary to employ two different sam-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
pling devices. Therefore, this practice is divided into Sampling
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material (Section 8), and
Sampling Procedure—Moist Material (Section 9).
2. Referenced Documents
3 5.2 Once the sample is obtained, it is necessary to protect
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the ion-exchange materials from changes. Samples should be
C183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of
placed in sealable, gasproof containers immediately.
Hydraulic Cement
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
6. Apparatus
3. Terminology
6.1 Sampling Devices, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
3.1 Definitions—Certain terms in these practices that relate
NOTE 1—The sampling devised described in Fig. 2 is the same as that
to ion exchange are defined in Terminology D1129.
used in Practice C183.
6.2 Sealable, Gasproof Containers , for sample storage.
PRACTICE A—SAMPLING FROM A SINGLE
PACKAGE AND MULTIPLE PACKAGE LOTS OR
6.3 Sample Quartering Materials —A 0.5 by 0.5 m (20 by
SHIPMENTS
20 in.) sheet of glazed paper, oil cloth, or flexible plastic film.
4. Summary of Practice
7. Kind and Number of Samples
4.1 A hollow, sample-probe guide that is comprised of
7.1 For a representative sample from a single package, a
mating threaded sections and that can be extended to any
minimum of three probes or increments should be taken with
the sampling device.
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
7.2 For a representative sample from a multiple package lot
Exchange Materials.
or shipment:
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
7.2.1 If the markings on the package indicate the material to
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D2687 – 95 (2001).
be sampled is from a single lot (batch or manufacturing run),
DOI: 10.1520/D2687-95R07E01.
These practices were developed from activities withinASTM Committee D19.
the number of packages selected shall be not less than 10 % of
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the packages received. When less than 30 packages are
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
received, a minimum of three packages shall be chosen at
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. random for sampling. If a single lot contains more than 30
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
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D2687−95 (2007)
8.1.6 Empty the contents into the sample container.
8.1.7 Repeat 8.1.3 through 8.1.6 until sufficient sample is
obtained.Aminimumofthreeprobesorincrementsisrequired.
If the sample obtained is larger than required, reduce the
sample using the quartering techniques given in 10.1.
8.1.8 Seal the sample container and affix label as outlined in
Section 11.
FIG. 1 51-mm (2-in.) Inside Diameter Plastic Tube with 2.4-mm
8.1.9 Alternatively, the sampling tube (Fig. 1) may be used
( ⁄32-in.) Wall Thickness Ion-Exchanger Sampling Tube
for sampling dry or free-flowing resin. Follow procedure given
in Section 9. Loss of resin from the bottom of the sampler may
occur and cause bias in the sample.
NOTE 1—This device shall be between 1.2 and 1.5 m (4 and 5 ft) long 8.2 If the ion-exchange material is dry or free-flowing and
and about 35 mm (1 ⁄8 in.) in outside diameter. It shall consist of two
the outer package is a bag:
polished brass telescopic tubes with registering slots which are opened or
8.2.1 Transfer the contents of the bag to a drum which has
closed by rotation of the inner tube, the outer tube being provided with a
a diameter less than its height and will hold the entire contents
point to facilitate penetration
of the bag.
FIG. 2 Slotted Tube Sample for Ion-Exchange Resins
8.2.2 Proceed in accordance with 8.1.
NOTE 4—The sampling device (Fig. 2) can allow resin entering the
upper openings to fall into the bottom portion of the device, thereby
packages and the order of filling is designated on the packages,
biasing the sample.
the first, last, and middle packages shall be sampled. If the
results of the analysis of these three samples agree within the
9. Sampling Procedure—Moist Material
limits of precision of the test methods used, further samples
9.1 If the ion-exchange material is moist and contained in a
from the lot need not be taken. If they are not in agreement,
drum:
additional samples may be taken at the option of the parties
9.1.1 Upend the drum and allow to stand 16 h (overnight) to
concerned.When the entire shipment oran entire lot consists of
redistribute any excess water that may be present.
three packages or less, a sample shall be taken from each
9.1.2 Right drum, rock it slightly from several sides for
package. The number of samples taken with the sampling
uniform packing and open.
device should not be less than three per individual package.
9.1.3 The points chosen for probing on the surface should
7.2.2 If the shipment consists of more than one lot (batch or
lie on a circle approximately two thirds of the diameter of the
manufacturing run) of material, sample each lot separately as
drum.
in 7.2.1. For a representative sample of the entire shipment, the
9.1.4 Rapidlythrustthesamplingtube(Fig.1)tothebottom
numberofpackagessampledperlotshouldbeinthesameratio
of the drum.
as the number of packages of that lot in the entire shipment.
9.1.5 Withdraw the sampling device.
For example, if the shipment consists of 40 drums of lot x and
9.1.6 Empty the contents into the sample container.
60 drums of lot y, sample four drums of lot x and six drums of
9.1.7 Repeat 9.1.4 through 9.1.6 until sufficient sample is
lot y.
obtained.Aminimumofthreeprobesorincrementsisrequired.
If the sample obtained is larger than required, reduce the
8. Sampling Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material
sample using the quartering technique given in 10.1.
8.1 If the ion-exchange material is dry or free-flowing and
9.1.8 Seal the sample container and affix label as outlined in
contained in a drum:
Section 11.
8.1.1 Rock the drum slightly from several sides for uniform
9.2 If the ion-exchange material is moist and the outer
packing and open.
package is a bag:
8.1.2 The points chosen for probing on the surface should
9.2.1 Transfer the contents of the bag to a drum that has a
lie on a circle approximately two thirds the diameter of the
diameter less than its height and will hold the entire contents of
drum and uniformly spaced.
the bag.
8.1.3 Rotatetheinnertubeofthesamplingdevice(Fig.2)to
9.2.2 Proceed in accordance with 9.1.
the closed position, and thrust the sampling device to the
bottom of the drum.
10. Quartering Procedure
8.1.4 Rotate the inner tube to the open position and collect
10.1 Using a sheet of glazed paper, oil cloth, or flexible
thesamplebymovingthetopofthesamplingdeviceinacircle
plastic film:
(about75to150mm(3to6in.)indiameter)severaltimeswith
10.1.1 Empty the sample container into the center of the
the open sections forward.
sheet.
8.1.5 Rotate the inner tube to the closed position and
10.1.2 Flatten out the sample gently with the palm of the
remove the sampling device from the drum.
hand until the ion-exchange material is approximately 25 mm
NOTE 2—The sharp point of the sampling device may pierce the drum
(1 in.) thick.
liner. Have the point rounded slightly (by grinding, filing, etc.).
10.1.3 Remix the sample by lifting a corner of the sheet and
NOTE 3—Corrosion may occur after only a few months on this type of
sampling device and will render it unsuitable for resin sampling. drawingitacross,lowdown,totheoppositecornerinamanner
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D2687−95 (2007)
that the material is made to roll over and over and does not regeneration,andparticularlyinthecaseofmixedbedsystems,
merely slide along. Continue operation with each corner, will detect such problems as insufficient mixing and backwash-
proceeding in a clockwise direction. Repeat this operation ing.
three times.
12.3 This practice will not retrieve ion-exchange material
10.1.4 Lift all four corners of the sheet towards the center
from the bottom 50 mm (2 in.) of a unit without subfill
and holding all four corners together, raise the entire sheet into
(supporting bed).
the air to form a pocket for the ion-exchange material.
12.4 In this practice, the sample is taken in the regenerated
10.1.5 Repeat 10.1.2.
form. However, in cases where the sample will be completely
10.1.6 With a straightedge at least as long as the flattened
reconditioned before analysis, the selection of a point in the
mound of ion-exchange material (such as a thin edged yard
operating cycle for sampling is not critical. In this case, the
stick) gently divide the sample into quarters. An effort should
portion of 14.1 and 14.2 relating to conversion of the ion-
be made to avoid using pressure on the straightedge sufficient
exchange material to the regenerated form may be omitted.
to cause damage to particles of ion-exchange material.
12.5 The sampling procedure outlined in this practice will
10.1.7 Discard alternate quarters.
be difficult in locations with restricted head room above the
10.1.8 If further reduction of sample size is necessary,
ion-exchange unit.
repeat 10.1.3 through 10.1.7. A minimum 1-litre sample is
required for complete analysis.
13. Apparatus
13.1 Sampling Device,asshowninFig.1,Fig.3,Fig.6,and
11. Sample Labeling
Fig. 7.
11.1 Immediately upon placing each sample in its sample
13.2 Containers, sealable, gas-proof, for sample storage.
container, affix a label, cardboard, or linen tag to the container.
11.2 Note the following information on the label or tag as
14. Preparation for Sampling
soon as it becomes available. If this information is too
14.1 For units containing a physical mixture of cation and
voluminous for inclusion on the label or tag, forward it in a
anion-exchange resin, backwash the bed following exhaustion,
separate letter with appropriate cross reference with the iden-
regenerate, rinse, and air mix as in normal operating proce-
tification on the sample container:
dures.
11.2.1 Name of company manufacturing the material.
14.2 For all other units, backwash the bed following
11.2.2 Manufacturer’s product name,
exhaustion, regenerate, and rinse as in normal operating
11.2.3 Type of material and ionic form, if known,
procedure.
11.2.4 Location where material was sampled, including
company name and complete address,
14.3 Open access opening on top of ion-exchange equip-
11.2.5 Date and time of sampling,
ment. Drain water, just to the top of the bed. (Warning—If the
11.2.6 Approximate age of ion-exchange material, if
ion-exchange unit has been operating at temperatures above
known,
100°C (212°F) it should be cooled prior to opening to avoid
11.2.7 Number of cycles,
flashing.)
11.2.8 Throughput volume, litres per cubic metre (gallons
15. Sampling Procedure
per cubic foot),
11.2.9 Type of service or application,
15.1 Select a minimum of six points evenly spaced, and if
11.2.10 Reason for sampling, and
possible, on a circle approximately two thirds the diameter of
11.2.11 Signature and title of sampler.
the bed.
15.2 Thrust the sampling rod (Fig. 3) through the ion-
PRACTICE B—SAMPLING FROM FIXED BED ION-
exchange material until the subfill or bed support can be felt.
EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT HAVING UNRESTRICTED
(Warning—Care should be exercised not to damage internal
HEAD ROOM
parts, especially in the case of interfacial distributors in mixed
bed units.)
12. Significance and Use
15.3 With a gentle up and down motion, slip the sampling
12.1 Thepurposeofthispractice,“toobtainarepresentative
tube (Fig. 1) over the top of the sample rod and through the
sample from an ion-exchange unit,” implies further testing will
ion-exchange material to seat on the upper conical stopper
be performed on the sample obtained.
(Fig. 4).
12.2 If information as to the operation of a particular
15.4 Pull up on the rod to withdraw the sample tube.
ion-exchangeunitisdesired,samplingoftheresinattheendof
the regeneration cycle will yield a sample from which more
information can be obtained than from an exhausted sample.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
as the BeadThief (trademark) is from IX Services Company, 29 Pinon St., P.O. Box
Analysis of ion-exchange materials in the regenerated form
326, Bluewater, NM 87005. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide
will permit a determination of the efficiency of regeneration
this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
under plant conditions, a determination of metallic, organic or
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
siliceous residues which are not remove
...
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