ASTM D1881-97(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Foaming Tendencies of Engine Coolants in Glassware
Standard Test Method for Foaming Tendencies of Engine Coolants in Glassware
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method generally will distinguish coolants that have a tendency to foam excessively from those that are suitable for further evaluation to determine performance in actual service.
Note 1—In use, the foaming tendency of a coolant solution may be increased by service aging or contamination. A properly functioning pressure cap will tend to suppress foaming in coolant solutions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a simple glassware test for evaluating the tendency of engine coolants to foam under laboratory-controlled-conditions of aeration and temperature.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2 and 7.4.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are approximate equivalents provided for information purposes only.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D1881 − 97 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Foaming Tendencies of Engine Coolants in Glassware
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1881; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers a simple glassware test for 4.1 Asolution of coolant andASTMType II water is blown
evaluating the tendency of engine coolants to foam under with air at a constant rate for 5 min, while maintained at a
laboratory-controlled-conditions of aeration and temperature. constant temperature of 88 6 1°C (190 6 2°F) by means of a
suitable temperature bath. The volume of foam, and the time
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
for such foam to break, are measured.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 The test method generally will distinguish coolants that
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
have a tendency to foam excessively from those that are
warning statements, see and .
suitable for further evaluation to determine performance in
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
actual service.
standard. The values given in parentheses are approximate
equivalents provided for information purposes only.
NOTE 1—In use, the foaming tendency of a coolant solution may be
increased by service aging or contamination. A properly functioning
2. Referenced Documents
pressure cap will tend to suppress foaming in coolant solutions.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Apparatus
D1176Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solu-
tionsofEngineCoolantsorAntirustsforTestingPurposes
6.1 Container—A 500-mL graduated container of heat-
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
resistant glass, having a diameter of 45 to 50 mm and a length
D3585Specification forASTM Reference Fluid for Coolant
of 380 mm.
Tests
6.2 TemperatureBath—Aheatresistantglasscontainerlarge
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
enoughtopermitimmersionofthegraduatedcontaineratleast
E128Test Method for Maximum Pore Diameter and Perme-
to the 350 mLgraduation mark.A4000-mLbeaker is satisfac-
ability of Rigid Porous Filters for Laboratory Use
tory.
3. Terminology
6.3 Heat Source—Any heating system capable of maintain-
ing a uniform bath temperature 61°C (62°F). A750-watt
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
electric hot-plate is satisfactory.
3.1.1 break time, n—the time required for the foam to
collapse (after the air supply has been shut off) to the first
6.4 Aerator Tube—A 25.4-mm (1-in.) diameter spherical
appearance of an “eye” on the surface of the test solution.
gas-diffuser stone made of fused crystalline alumina grain
which meets the following specifications when tested in
3.1.2 eye, n—the appearance of foam free area on the
accordance with the method given in Annex A1:
surface of the test coolant surrounded by a ring of foam
clinging to the cylinder walls.
Maximum pore diameter, µm Not greater than 80
Permeability at a pressure 3000 to 6400
of 2.45 kPa, mL of air/min
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on Engine
6.5 Thermometer—AnASTM Partial ImmersionThermom-
Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D15.06 on Glassware Performance Tests. eter having a range from −20 to +150°C (0 to 302°F) and
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
conforming to the requirements for Thermometer 1F as pre-
ε1
approved in 1961 as D1881–61T. Last previous edition D1881–97(02) . DOI:
scribed in Specification E1.
10.1520/D1881-97R09.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on For information on aerator supplier and specifications contactASTM Subcom-
the ASTM website. mittee D15.06 through ASTM International Headquarters.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1881 − 97 (2009)
6.6 Air Supply—A clean and dry source, free from grease common acid and base cleaning baths, respectively.
and other contaminants, capable of maintaining the prescribed (Warning—The cleaning baths are strong oxidants and strong
flow rate through the diffuser stone. acid and base, respectively.Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and
clothing. Do not breathe vapor. Handle in a fume hood.)
6.7 Timer—Astopwatchorsuitabletimingdevice,accurate
to 60.2 s.
8. Test Solution
6.8 Vent—A three-way stopcock inserted in the metered air
8.1 A33% by volume solution of reference coolant (Speci-
supply line immediately ahead of the aerator tube.
ficationD3585testcoolantwithoutantifoam)shallbeprepared
with the proper quantity of Type II water.
6.9 Typical Assembly Set-Up—A typical apparatus using a
hot-plate heat source is shown in Fig. 1. 8.2 Prepare a 33% by volume solution of the coolant to be
tested with Type II water. Use the same glassware used to
7. Materials and Reagents preparethereferencecoolanttestsolution.Rinsetheglassware
withTypeIIwaterbetweenpreparations.Additiveconcentrates
7.1 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
shall be diluted with Type II water to recommended use
to water means reagent water as defined by Type II of
concentration. Preparation of the sample shall be done in
Specification D1193.
accordance with treatment of mixtures described in Test
7.2 Acetone, for flushing and drying the test equipment.
Method D1176.Thus, any insoluble materials will be included
(Warning—Acetone is extremely flammable.)
in the representative sample.
7.3 Specification D3585 Test Coolant—Unless otherwise
9. Test Conditions
indicated, references to the reference test coolant means
9.1 Test Temperature—Thetemperaturebathshallbekeptat
Specification D3585 coolant prepared without antifoam
a constant volume (350 to 375 mL mark of the graduated
(Pluronic L-61) as defined in Specification D3585.
cylinder) throughout the test. The test solution shall be main-
7.4 Cleaning Bath—Refers to an acid or base cleaning
tained at 88 6 1°C (190 6 2°F) throughout. This temperature
solution used to clean glassware between tests. The choice of
is suitable for both high-boiling and low-boiling coolants.
cleaning baths depends on individual needs. For example,
9.2 Aeration Rate—The aeration rate shall be 1000 6 25
Nochromix and alcoholic sodium (potassium) hydroxide are
mL/min.
9.3 Number of Tests—The reference coolant shall be tested
to determine if the glassware and testing equipment is con-
taminatedwithresiduedefoamer.Ifthereferencecoolantgives
a foam volume of greater than 250 mL and a break time of
greaterthan8s,drainthereferencecoolantfromtheglassware,
rinse with Type II water and use for the preparation of the test
coolant.
9.3.1 Each test coolant
...
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