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ASTM D6037-96(2002)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings

Standard Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Coatings, particularly the high gloss coatings used on automobiles, boats, toys, etc., are subject to a wide variety of conditions (for example, wiping, cleaning, and exposure) that can mar their surface. The ability of these coatings to maintain their appearance is an important product attribute. These test methods provide a way to estimate the ability of high gloss coatings to resist mar damage.
These test methods do not provide fundamental values. However they are suitable for estimating the ability of high gloss coatings to resist mar.
Since the susceptibility of coatings to marring varies widely, the number of cycles that are needed to cause “relevant” mar damage also varies. Usually, 2 to 50 cycles are sufficient.
SCOPE
1.1 Two test methods are included. Test Method A uses a device that contains an abrasive wheel. Test Method B uses a device that contains a wheel that has been fitted with abrasive paper. Either method can be used to evaluate the dry abrasion mar resistance of coatings applied to planar, rigid surfaces. Each test method provides good discrimination between highly mar resistant coatings.  
1.2 Mar resistance is assessed by measuring the gloss of abraded and unabraded areas. Mar resistance is directly related to the coating's ability to retain gloss in abraded areas.  
Note 1—The mar resistance values obtained by these test methods have no absolute significance. They should only be used to derive relative performance rankings for test panels that have been prepared from the series of coatings that are currently being evaluated. If mar resistance values are quoted between laboratories, it is essential that a common standard be measured and that the values be compared to that standard. Even then, the values should be used with caution.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-1996
ICS
25.220.01 - Surface treatment and coating in general
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.23 - Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6037-96 - Standard Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings
Effective Date
10-Nov-1996
Replaced By
ASTM D6037-96(2008) - Standard Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Referred By
ASTM G195-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
Effective Date
10-Nov-1996
Referred By
ASTM D5146-10(2019) - Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
Effective Date
10-Nov-1996
Referred By
ASTM D5324-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
Effective Date
10-Nov-1996
Referred By
ASTM D6279-20 - Standard Test Method for Rub Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings
Effective Date
10-Nov-1996
Referred By
ASTM D7187-20 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Mechanistic Aspects of Scratch/Mar Behavior of Paint Coatings by Nanoscratching
Effective Date
10-Nov-1996

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ASTM D6037-96(2002) - Standard Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss CoatingsASTM D6037-96(2002) - Standard Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings
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ASTM D6037-96(2002) - Standard Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 6037 – 96 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Methods for
Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6037; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
1.1 Two test methods are included. Test Method A uses a
a Ferrous Base
device that contains an abrasive wheel. Test Method B uses a
D 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of
device that contains a wheel that has been fitted with abrasive
DryFilmThicknessofNonconductiveCoatingsAppliedto
paper. Either method can be used to evaluate the dry abrasion
a Nonferrous Metal Base
mar resistance of coatings applied to planar, rigid surfaces.
D 2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
Each test method provides good discrimination between highly
Hardness
mar resistant coatings.
D 3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-
1.2 Mar resistance is assessed by measuring the gloss of
tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related
abraded and unabraded areas. Mar resistance is directly related
Materials
to the coating’s ability to retain gloss in abraded areas.
D 4449 Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differ-
NOTE 1—The mar resistance values obtained by these test methods 2
ences Between Surfaces of Similar Appearance
have no absolute significance. They should only be used to derive relative
performance rankings for test panels that have been prepared from the
3. Terminology
series of coatings that are currently being evaluated. If mar resistance
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
values are quoted between laboratories, it is essential that a common
3.1.1 mar resistance—the ability of a coating to resist
standard be measured and that the values be compared to that standard.
Even then, the values should be used with caution.
permanent deformation or fracture, resulting from the applica-
tion of a dynamic mechanical force. These test methods
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
measure resistance to visible damage caused by mild abrasion.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
4. Summary of Test Methods
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The coatings that are being evaluated are applied at
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
uniform dry film thickness to planar panels of uniform surface
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
texture. After drying or curing, or both, the panels are marred.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Mar resistance is assessed by measuring the coating’s gloss
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
within the abraded and unabraded areas of test panels. Mar
2. Referenced Documents resistance is directly related to the coating’s ability to retain
gloss in abraded areas.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
5. Significance and Use
D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
5.1 Coatings, particularly the high gloss coatings used on
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
automobiles, boats, toys, etc., are subject to a wide variety of
Related Coating Products
conditions (for example, wiping, cleaning, and exposure) that
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
can mar their surface. The ability of these coatings to maintain
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
their appearance is an important product attribute. These test
D 1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
methods provide a way to estimate the ability of high gloss
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
coatings to resist mar damage.
5.2 These test methods do not provide fundamental values.
However they are suitable for estimating the ability of high
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
gloss coatings to resist mar.
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1996. Published January 1997.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 6037
5.3 Since the susceptibility of coatings to marring varies 7.1.1 Panels, thatis,metalpanelswitha ⁄4-in.(6-mm)hole
widely, the number of cycles that are needed to cause “rel- drilled in the center to accommodate the mounting spindle, are
evant” mar damage also varies. Usually, 2 to 50 cycles are available.
sufficient. 7.1.2 If it is not convenient to apply test coatings to panels,
other planar, distortion-free substrates can be used by substi-
TEST METHOD A
tuting a “Drive Pin Type” specimen holder for the standard
panel holder.
6. Apparatus
NOTE 4—It is important that the panels be planar for reproducible
6.1 Application Equipment, as described in Practices D 609,
results. Cutting and drilling of painted panels has not been satisfactory.
and D 823.
NOTE 5—Measurements are color dependent. Dark colors give lower
6.2 Film Thickness Measuring Apparatus, as described in
valuesofglossretention.Tostandardize,itisrecommendedthattestingbe
done using a black coating. Clearcoats are applied over a black basecoat.
Test Methods D 1005, D 1186 or D 1400.
For other colors a black panel should be included as a control.
6.3 Abrader —The abraser so constructed that wheels of
several degrees of abrasiveness may be readily used. In this
8. Conditioning
method only the 500-g load is used unless otherwise specified.
4 8.1 Cure the coated panels under conditions of temperature
6.4 Refacing Disc—An S-11 refacing disc for resurfacing
and humidity as agreed upon between the purchaser and the
the abrasive wheels. The load selected is the same as the test
seller.
load.
4 8.2 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser
6.5 Abrasive Wheels—“Calibrase” wheels CS-10 , unless
and the seller, condition the coated panels for at least 24 h at
otherwise specified or agreed. Wheels that have worn to the
73.5 63.5°F (23° 62°C) and 50 65 % relative humidity in
diameter of the wheel label should not be used. If the time of
accordance with Specification D 3924. Conduct the test in the
the test is not within one year from date of purchase, the
same environment or immediately after removal therefrom.
following test may provide an indication of the degree of
hardening which has occurred.
9. Procedure
6.5.1 If required, measure hardness in accordance with Test
9.1 Using a glossmeter that has been properly adjusted,
Method D 2240 on at least four points equally spaced on the
measure the 20° gloss at four positions within the test area that
center of the abrading surface and one point on each side
will be abraded. Record the mean of these four readings as
surface of the wheel. The test on the abrading surface shall be
“Unabraded Gloss”.
made with pressure applied vertically along the diameter of the
wheel, and the reading taken 10 s after full pressure is applied.
NOTE 6—It is recommended that the panel be marked, or a template be
If any reading on a wheel exceeds the equivalent of 90 units on
created, to ensure that measurements are taken in the area that will be
aShoreAscale,thewheelshouldbeconsideredsuspectforthis
abraded.
method.
9.2 Mount the pair of “Calibrase” wheels to be used on their
respective flange holders, taking care not to handle them by
NOTE 2—The abrasive quality of a “Calibrase” wheel may change with
hardness. Hardness can change with time and storage conditions. How- their abrasive surfaces. Select the same load to be used in the
ever, abrasive quality can’t be inferred from hardness measurements
test and affix it to the abraser. Mount an S-11 refacing disc on
alone. Many other factors can also affect abrasive quality.
the turntable. Reface new wheels for 100 cycles. Reface
6.6 Glossmeter, with 20° geometry complying with Test previously used wheels for 50 cycles. Reface the wheels for 50
cycles before abrading eac
...

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5.1 Coatings, particularly the high gloss coatings used on automobiles, boats, toys, etc., are subject to a wide variety of conditions (for example, wiping, cleaning, and exposure) that can mar their surface. The ability of these coatings to maintain their appearance is an important product attribute. These test methods provide a way to estimate the ability of high gloss coatings to resist mar damage.  
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SCOPE
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ASTM D6990-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Evaluating Biofouling Resistance and Physical Performance of Marine Coating Systems

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5.1 This practice is designed to provide guidance to a panel inspector for quantitative and consistent evaluation of coating performance from test panels coated with marine antifouling coating systems. The practice assesses performance of coating systems based on both antifouling and physical properties.  
5.2 The user is cautioned that the results are representative for the specific region and time of year in which the specimens are immersed. It shall be noted that interpretation of results will depend on the geographical location where the test is conducted, whether the coated specimens are exposed either totally or partially immersed, under static or dynamic conditions, and position and orientation.  
5.3 Simultaneous testing of a proven standard antifouling coating system (known to minimize fouling accumulation, for example, containing biocide or active agent(s) to prevent fouling settlement/growth) in the specific marine environment shall be included as a reference to assist in interpretation of results. In addition, a negative control (inert surface susceptible to heavy fouling) shall be included on a regular basis. For the exposure to be valid, the surface of the negative control should show heavy fouling relative to the standard system(s).  
5.4 Marine coating systems that produce positive results relevant to the standard system(s) show potential for use in protecting underwater marine structures.  
5.5 The format can be utilized independent of exposure protocol and coating type, and provides the end user with a consistent practice and format for reporting of performance rating.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a practice for evaluating degree of biofouling settlement on and physical performance of marine coating systems when panels coated with such coating systems are subjected to immersion conditions in a marine environment. Guidance for preparation or exposure and handling of test specimens can be found in related ASTM standards as noted below (see Section 2).  
1.2 This practice and related exposure methodologies are designed as tools for the relative assessment of coating performance, and in no way are to be used as an absolute indicator of long-term performance under all conditions and in all environments. There can be high variability among and within exposure sites with respect to water quality and population or species of fouling organisms, and coating performance may vary with these and other properties.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazard statement is given in Section 6.  
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ASTM
ASTM D5618-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Barnacle Adhesion Strength in Shear

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is designed as a screening test in the evaluation of coating systems and other materials designed to resist biofouling attachment.  
4.2 The degree and type of barnacle fouling will vary according to the geographic location of test sites and the time of year when tests are implemented. Surfaces with known barnacle adhesive shear strength should be exposed to provide comparative data.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of barnacle adhesion in shear to surfaces exposed in the marine environment. It is used to establish the ability of a surface to reduce biofouling adhesion. Surfaces with known barnacle adhesion strengths are included to serve as controls.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    2 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D8331/D8331M-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Film Thickness of Thin-Film Coatings by Non-Destructive Means Using Ruggedized Optical Interference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Coating film thickness plays a critical role in the performance of the final product. This includes physical properties (abrasion/scratch resistance, color, gloss), chemical properties (solvent resistance), corrosion resistance, and long-term durability (color change, chalk, fade).  
4.2 The non-destructive measurement system based on ruggedized optical interference transforms signal outputs in coating film thickness using digital formulas (or “recipes”) which are reproducible from one instrument to another.  
4.3 The ROI measurement unit takes a significant number of measurements which can be read in a determined period of time and each of these data points is recorded and reportable.  
4.4 Due to the number of variables that can affect film thickness during application and the number of variables that must be set in the measurement unit while determining a recipe, it is important for the producer and the user to agree upon recipe settings depending on the coating system.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method encompasses measuring the film thickness of a coil coated organic coating layer. Operators can use this method in process during the coating application or in a laboratory setting.  
1.2 This test method does not specify the expected film thickness/test results for a coating, nor the specific “recipe” file needed to measure a coating.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D6686-01(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Tannin Stain Resistance of Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tannins and other chromophoric extractives are naturally occurring materials in wood and wood-based substrates. Tannins are prevalent to a high degree in cedar, redwood, oak, and to a lesser degree in white and yellow pine. Tannins are also present in varying amounts in wood composition products. These extractives are solubilized and darkened in color by aqueous coatings, resulting in unsightly yellow or brown discolorations. This test method is designed to show the relative ability of paints to prevent tannin bleed-through. Typically, cedar or redwood panels are used for this test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is an accelerated procedure to determine the effectiveness of latex coatings at preventing the migration of tannin stains from wood substrates.  
1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
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