ASTM D7372-17

Standard Guide for Analysis and Interpretation of Proficiency Test Program Results

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide can be used to evaluate the performance of a laboratory or group of laboratories participating in a proficiency test (PT) program involving petroleum and petroleum products.  
5.2 Data accrued, using the techniques included in this guide, provide the ability to monitor analytical measurement system precision and bias. These data are useful for updating standard test methods, as well as for indicating areas of potential measurement system improvement for action by the laboratory. This guide serves both the individual participating laboratory and the responsible standards development group as follows:  
5.2.1 Tools and Approaches for Participating Laboratories.
Administrative Reviews
Flagged Data and Investigations
Data Normality Checks
QQ Plots
Histograms
Bias (Deviation from Mean)
Z-Scores, Z′-Scores Trends
Precision Performance—TPIIND, F-test
Comparison of PTP and Individual Laboratory Site Precision  
5.2.2 Tools and Approaches for Responsible Standards Development Groups.
TPI and precision trends
Bias and precision comparisons via box & whisker plots
Normality evaluations
Relative standard deviations
Uncontrolled variables  
5.3 Reference is made in this guide to the ASTM International Proficiency Test Program on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, version PTP 2.0 implemented in 2016–2017. Program reports containing similarly displayed results and statistical treatments may be available in other PT programs. Appendix X2 summarizes the statistical tools referenced in this guide and Appendix X3 is a collection of examples covering many of the approaches described in this guide.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the evaluation and interpretation of proficiency test program (PTP) results. For proficiency test program participants, this guide describes procedures for assessing participants’ results relative to the collective PT program results and potentially improving the laboratory’s testing performance based on the assessment of findings and insights. For the committees responsible for the test methods included in PT programs, this guide describes procedures for assessing industry’s ability to perform test methods and for potentially identifying opportunities for improvements.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2017
• ICS: 11.100.01 - Laboratory medicine in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.94 - Coordinating Subcommittee on Quality Assurance and Statistics

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7372 −17 An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Analysis and Interpretation of Proficiency Test Program
1
Results
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7372; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D6792 Practice for Quality Management Systems in Petro-
leum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants Testing
1.1 This guide covers the evaluation and interpretation of
Laboratories
proficiency test program (PTP) results. For proficiency test
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
program participants, this guide describes procedures for
ASTM Test Methods
assessing participants’ results relative to the collective PT
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
program results and potentially improving the laboratory’s
E2655 Guide for Reporting Uncertainty of Test Results and
testing performance based on the assessment of findings and
Use of the Term Measurement Uncertainty inASTM Test
insights. For the committees responsible for the test methods
Methods
included in PT programs, this guide describes procedures for
assessing industry’s ability to perform test methods and for
2.2 ASTM standards used only in Appendix X3 are also
potentially identifying opportunities for improvements. listed in X3.1.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.1 accuracy, n—closeness of agreement between an ob-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
served value and an accepted reference value. E177, E456
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.2 analytical measurement system, n—a collection of one
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
or more components or subsystems, such as sample handling
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and preparation, test equipment, instrumentation, display
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical devices, data handlers, printouts or output transmitters, that are
usedtodetermineaquantitativevalueofaspecificpropertyfor
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
an unknown sample in accordance with a standard test method.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.3 assignable cause, n—factor that contributes to varia-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion and that is feasible to detect and identify. E456
D6259 Practice for Determination of a Pooled Limit of
3.1.4 bias, n—systematic error that contributes to the differ-
Quantitation for a Test Method
ence between a population mean of the measurements or test
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
results and an accepted reference or true value. E177, E456
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
Measurement System Performance
3.1.5 control limits, n—limits on a control chart that are
D6617 Practice for Laboratory Bias Detection Using Single
used as criteria for signaling the need for action or for judging
Test Result from Standard Material
whether a set of data does or does not indicate a state of
statistical control. E456
3.1.6 in-statistical-control, adj—process, analytical mea-
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
surement system, or function that exhibits variations that can
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D02.94 on Coordinating Subcommittee on Quality Assurance and Statistics. only be attributable to common cause. D6299
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originally
3.1.7 out-of-statistical-control, adj—a process, analytical
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D7372 – 12. DOI:
10.1520/D7372-17.
measurement system, or function that exhibits variations in
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
addition to those that can be attributable to common cause and
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
the magnitude of these additional variations exceeds specified
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. limits. D6299
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7372 − 12 D7372 − 17 An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Analysis and Interpretation of Proficiency Test Program
1
Results
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7372; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers the analysisevaluation and interpretation of proficiency test (PT) program (PTP) results. For participants
in interlaboratory proficiency test (PT) (or crosscheck, check scheme, etc.) programs, proficiency test program participants, this
guide describes procedures for assessing participants’participants’ results relative to the collective PT program results and
potentially improving the laboratory’slaboratory’s testing performance based on the assessment of findings and insights. For the
committees responsible for the test methods included in interlaboratory proficiency testing PT programs, this guide describes
procedures for assessing industry’sindustry’s ability to perform test methods and for potentially identifying needsopportunities for
method improvement.improvements.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D4951 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectrometry
D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively
Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,
and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D6259 Practice for Determination of a Pooled Limit of Quantitation for a Test Method
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6617 Practice for Laboratory Bias Detection Using Single Test Result from Standard Material
D6792 Practice for Quality Management Systems in Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants Testing Laboratories
D7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-Ethanol
Blends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E2655 Guide for Reporting Uncertainty of Test Results and Use of the Term Measurement Uncertainty in ASTM Test Methods
2.2 ASTM standards used only in Appendix X3 are also listed in X3.1.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.94 on Coordinating Subcommittee on Quality Assurance and Statistics.
Current edition approved April 15, 2012Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2012October 2017. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20072012
as D7372D7372 – 12.–07. DOI: 10.1520/D7372-12.10.1520/D7372-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
...