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ASTM D4385-13

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Thermosetting Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products

Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Thermosetting Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products

ABSTRACT
This practice focuses on the establishment of acceptance levels and criteria upon inspection of visual defects in thermosetting reinforced plastic pultruded rods, bars, shapes, and sheets. Presented here is the definition of possible defects to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product specifications, and final inspection. This practice also categorizes different inspection requirements for three grades of product quality.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual acceptance of thermosetting reinforced plastic pultruded rods, bars, shapes, and sheets.  
1.2 This practice presents definitions of possible defects to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product specifications, and final inspection.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Nov-2013
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.18 - Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4385-10 - Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Thermosetting Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products
Effective Date
15-Nov-2013
Replaced By
ASTM D4385-19 - Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Thermosetting Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Referred By
ASTM D7745-19 - Standard Practice for Testing Pultruded Composites
Effective Date
15-Nov-2013

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4385 − 13
Standard Practice for
Classifying Visual Defects in Thermosetting Reinforced
1
Plastic Pultruded Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4385; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.2 test requirement—minimum design, characteristic or
specified values as dictated and or specified by codes,
1.1 This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual ac-
standards, industry, end customers, the manufacturer or the
ceptance of thermosetting reinforced plastic pultruded rods,
Engineer of Record.
bars, shapes, and sheets.
3.3 connection areas—areas associated with a pultruded
1.2 This practice presents definitions of possible defects to
member that form a connection in some form or fashion that
serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product specifications,
will not be visible after fabrication.
and final inspection.
3.4 fiber blooming—exposed reinforcements on the surface
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
of a profile as a result of veil slippage or lack of resin. Such
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
defects can cause the exposed fiber to “bloom” when exposed
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
to ultraviolet light.
and are not considered standard.
3.5 internal layer—refers to individual layers of unidirec-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tional or transverse reinforcements in the form of roving/tows,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
continuous filament, woven or stitched mats formed and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
laminated via the pultrusion process to produce a specific
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
thickness of or as part of a pultruded profile. A stitched or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
woven mat is made up of individual layers of roving woven or
stitched together to form a single mat
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
4. Acceptance Criteria
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 The method and frequency of inspection shall be the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
responsibility of the pultruder as deemed necessary to maintain
D3917 Specification for Dimensional Tolerance of Thermo-
compliance to this specification, unless the purchaser and seller
setting Glass-Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Shapes
agree on other terms.
4.2 Dimensions and Tolerances—Pultruded shapes shall be
3. Terminology
inspected for conformance with dimensions and tolerances
3.1 mat discoloration—a yellowing of the reinforcing mats
specified on the product drawing or by Specification D3917.
caused by binder migration. The discoloration can cause visual
Products with any dimensions exceeding the specified limits
streaks on the surface of the pultrusion.
shall be rejected.
4.3 Allowable Defects—Defects that by nature, number, or
1
frequency of occurrence do not affect the serviceability of the
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermosetting product. Allowable defects shall be fully described as to the
Plastics.
type, size, number, extent allowed, and spacing. Defects in
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally
excess of those listed as allowable defects in the product
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4385 - 10. DOI:
specifications, drawings, or contracts, for the products, shall be
10.1520/D4385-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
cause for rejection.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.4 Repairable Defects—Visual defects (for example, chips,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. exposed reinforcement, fiber bridging, fiber prominence, and
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4385 − 13
scuffing) that do not affect the structural serviceability that are cation. Any defect not meeting the requirements of this
permitted to be repaired if agreed upon between the manufac- standard,shallbecauseforrejection.Anydefectnotcoveredin
turer and the purchaser. The repair procedure shall be docu- this specification shall be resolved between the purchaser and
mented and contr
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4385 − 10 D4385 − 13
Standard Practice for
Classifying Visual Defects in Thermosetting Reinforced
1
Plastic Pultruded Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4385; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual acceptance of thermosetting reinforced plastic pultruded rods, bars,
shapes, and sheets.
1.2 This practice presents definitions of possible defects to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product specifications, and
final inspection.
1.3 This practice also categorizes different inspection requirements for the three of four grades of product quality identified
herein.The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3647 Practice for Classifying Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Shapes According to Composition
D3917 Specification for Dimensional Tolerance of Thermosetting Glass-Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Shapes
3. Terminology
3.1 mat discoloration—a yellowing of the reinforcing mats caused by binder migration. The discoloration can cause visual
streaks on the surface of the pultrusion.
3.2 test requirement—minimum design, characteristic or specified values as dictated and or specified by codes, standards,
industry, end customers, the manufacturer or the Engineer of Record.
3.3 connection areas—areas associated with a pultruded member that form a connection in some form or fashion that will not
be visible after fabrication.
3.4 fiber blooming—exposed reinforcements on the surface of a profile as a result of veil slippage or lack of resin. Such defects
can cause the exposed fiber to “bloom” when exposed to ultraviolet light.
3.5 internal layer—refers to individual layers of unidirectional or transverse reinforcements in the form of roving/tows,
continuous filament, woven or stitched mats formed and laminated via the pultrusion process to produce a specific thickness of
or as part of a pultruded profile. A stitched or woven mat is made up of individual layers of roving woven or stitched together to
form a single mat
4. Acceptance Criteria
4.1 The method and frequency of sampling and the quality level shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the
seller.inspection shall be the responsibility of the pultruder as deemed necessary to maintain compliance to this specification, unless
the purchaser and seller agree on other terms.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010Nov. 15, 2013. Published May 2010December 2013. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20082010 as
D4385 - 08.D4385 - 10. DOI: 10.1520/D4385-10.10.1520/D4385-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4385 − 13
4.2 Dimensions and Tolerances—Pultruded shapes shall be inspected for conformance with dimensions and tolerances specified
on the product drawing or by Specification D3917. Products with any dimensions exceeding the specified limits shall be rejected.
3.3 Punchability—Products not exceeding 4.7 mm (0.185 in.) thickness, having Reinforcement Material G and Reinforcement
Type M in accordance with Practice D3647, shall be capable of being punched, drilled, and riveted without causing splittin
...

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1.6.1 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6.2 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
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Standard Specification for Contact Molded “Fiberglass” (Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Ducts

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material and design requirements, and fabrication of ducts and hoods made of "fiberglass" (glass fiber reinforced thermosetting resin) consisting of a polyester, vinyl ester, or other qualified resin-matrix systems with fiber reinforcement manufactured by contact molding, intended for use in handling corrosive fumes and process gases. Special attention is given to equipment that operates at specified temperatures with regard to strength and corrosion resistance. This specification does not address the selection of resins and reinforcements for specific chemical environments.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ducts fabricated by contact molding intended for use in handling corrosive fumes and process gases. Special attention is given to equipment that operates at temperatures over 180°F (82.2°C) with regard to strength and corrosion resistance.  
1.2 The material of construction shall be “fiberglass” consisting of a polyester, vinyl ester, or other qualified resin-matrix systems with fiber reinforcement in accordance with Specification C582.  
1.3 This specification is not intended to cover selection of resins and reinforcements for specific chemical environments.  
1.4 This specification covers ducts up to a design pressure of ±5 psig (34.5 Pa).  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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ASTM
ASTM C581-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance of Thermosetting Resins Used in Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Structures Intended for Liquid Service

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The results obtained by this practice shall serve as a guide in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of a thermosetting resin used in an RTP structure. No attempt has been made to incorporate into the practice all the various factors that will potentially affect the serviceability of an RTP structure when subjected to chemical environments. These factors will potentially include stress, different resin-to-glass ratios, and multiple veils.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is designed to evaluate, in an unstressed state, the chemical resistance of thermosetting resins used in the fabrication of reinforced thermosetting plastic (RTP) laminates. This practice provides for the determination of changes in the properties, described as follows, of the test specimens and test reagent after exposure of the specimens to the reagent: hardness of specimens, weight change thickness, appearance of specimens, appearance of immersion media, and flexural strength and modulus.  
1.1.1 This practice is also useful to evaluate other factors, such as surfacing veils and the effect of resin additives, on the chemical resistance of the resin.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off