ASTM D7478/D7478M-11
(Specification)Standard Specification for Heavy Duty Sheathed Wood Crates
Standard Specification for Heavy Duty Sheathed Wood Crates
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for two types and two classes of sheathed crates each of which may have two base styles. The crates are designed for net loads not exceeding 30 000 pounds lb [13 607 kg] and to withstand the most severe overseas shipping and storage conditions.
1.2 The crates described by this specification are intended to protect items from atmospheric elements during shipment and storage. They are designed to withstand the rough handling of logistic operations including stacking and outside storage for a prolonged period.
1.3 Class 1 and 2 crates may be used interchangeably as desired. However, the Class 2 crate should be used when weight is a prime consideration, as the lack of diagonals and thinner plywood sheathing results in a lighter crate.
1.4 Demountable crates, Type II, should be used whenever it is expected that the contained item will require reshipping to another destination.
1.5 Sill bases, Style B, are intended for items that project below their mounting points, such as disassembled vehicles.
1.6 If the use of other construction method or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.10), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D 4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D7478/D7478M −11
Standard Specification for
1
Heavy Duty Sheathed Wood Crates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7478/D7478M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversrequirementsfortwotypesand
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
two classes of sheathed crates each of which may have two
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
basestyles.Thecratesaredesignedfornetloadsnotexceeding
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
30000poundslb[13607kg]andtowithstandthemostsevere
overseas shipping and storage conditions.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 Thecratesdescribedbythisspecificationareintendedto
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
protect items from atmospheric elements during shipment and
D996Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
storage. They are designed to withstand the rough handling of
ments
logistic operations including stacking and outside storage for a
D3953Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals
prolonged period.
D4169Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
1.3 Class 1 and 2 crates may be used interchangeably as
tainers and Systems
desired. However, the Class 2 crate should be used when
D4442Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
weight is a prime consideration, as the lack of diagonals and
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
thinner plywood sheathing results in a lighter crate.
D4675Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Ma-
1
terials
1.4 Demountable crates, Type II, should be used whenever
D6199PracticeforQualityofWoodMembersofContainers
it is expected that the contained item will require reshipping to
and Pallets
another destination.
D6253Practice for Treatment and/or Marking of Wood
1.5 Sill bases, Style B, are intended for items that project
Packaging Materials
below their mounting points, such as disassembled vehicles.
F1667SpecificationforDrivenFasteners:Nails,Spikes,and
1.6 If the use of other construction method or techniques is Staples
IEEE/ASTMSI10StandardforUseofInternationalSystem
acceptable and permitted (see 5.10), the resulting packaging
systems shall be of equal or better performance than would of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
resultfromtheuseofthesespecifiedmaterialsandprocedures.
2.2 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169
Standards:
3
can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
PS 1Voluntary Product Standard, Structural Plywood
4
PS 20American Softwood Lumber Standard
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
5
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
2.3 Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association Standard:
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
ANSI/HPVA HP-1-2004American National Standard for
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Hardwood and Decorative Plywood
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of
units.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Available fromAPA, The Engineered WoodAssociation, 7011 South 19th St.,
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.12 on Shipping Tacoma, WA 98466–5399, http://www.apawood.org.
4
Containers, Crates, Pallets, Skids and Related Structures. Available from American Lumber Standards Committee, Inc., (ALSC), P.O.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally Box 210, Germantown, MD 20875–0210, http://www.alsc.org.
5
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7478/D7478M– 08. Available from Hardwood Plywood and VeneerAssociation (HPVA), P.O. Box
DOI: 10.1520/D7478_D7478M-11. 2789, Reston, VA 22090–0789, http://www.hpva.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7478/D7478M−11
2.4 National Hardwood Lumber Association (NHLA) Stan- fastening member for end pane
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D7478/D7478M–08 Designation: D7478/D7478M – 11
Standard Specification for
1
Heavy Duty Sheathed Wood Crates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7478/D7478M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Subsection 6.2.5 was editorially corrected in April 2009.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers requirements for two types and two classes of sheathed crates each of which may have two base
styles.The crates are designed for net loads not exceeding 30 000 pounds lb [13 607 kg] and to withstand the most severe overseas
shipping and storage conditions.
1.2 The crates described by this specification are intended to protect items from atmospheric elements during shipment and
storage. They are designed to withstand the rough handling of logistic operations including stacking and outside storage for a
prolonged period.
1.3 Class 1 and 2 crates may be used interchangeably as desired. However, the Class 2 crate should be used when weight is a
prime consideration, as the lack of diagonals and thinner plywood sheathing results in a lighter crate.
1.4 Demountable crates, Type II, should be used whenever it is expected that the contained item will require reshipping to
another destination.
1.5 Sill bases, Style B, are intended for items that project below their mounting points, such as disassembled vehicles.
1.6 Iftheuseofotherconstructionmethodortechniquesisacceptableandpermitted(see5.10),theresultingpackagingsystems
shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures.The appropriate
distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
D3953 Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
D4675 Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials
D6199 Practice for Quality of Wood Members of Containers and Pallets
D6253 Practice for Treatment and/or Marking of Wood Packaging Materials
F1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and Staples Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and
Staples
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
2.2 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standards:
3
PS 1 Voluntary Product Standard, Structural Plywood
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.12 on Shipping Containers,
Crates, Pallets, Skids and Related Structures.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. DOI: 10.1520/D7478_D7478M-08E01.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7478/D7478M-08. DOI:
10.1520/D7478_D7478M-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from APA, The Engineered Wood Association, 7011 South 19th St., Tacoma, WA 98466–5399, http://www.apawood.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D7478/D7478M – 11
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PS 20 American Softwo
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