D10.12 - Shipping Containers, Crates, Pallets, Skids and Related Structures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes the criteria to treat, or mark, or both WPM with permanent identification for the phytosanitary treatment, or intended service cycle, or both, repair, specification used, and other designated characteristics.  
4.2 The marking of the WPM shall be performed after ensuring the material complies with the applicable specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the development of recommended treatment, or marking practices, or both, for wood packaging materials (WPM) and aids in identifying WPM as to phytosanitary treatment, intended service cycles, repair, the specific specification used to manufacture or recycle, and other user designated characteristics.  
1.2 This practice identifies WPM treated, or marked, or both in accordance with industry, government, or international recognized standards.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies. The box shall be classified according to box type: Type I; Type II; Type II; and Type IV. According to class: Class 1 and Class 2. According to style: Style A; Style A1; Style B; Style C through K. According to preservative treatment; Treatment A and Treatment B. And according to load type: Type 1; Type 2; and Type 3. Panels shall be fabricated by nailing, stapling, or gluing panelboard to cleats placed. Fastener component test, fastener test for securing cleats to panelboard panels; lateral resistance test; direct withdrawal resistance test; oxine copper preservative test; zinc napthenate preservative test; and preservative dryness test shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 1000 lb [454 kg] depending on box type (see 10.1).  
1.2 Wood-cleated panelboard shipping box performance is dependent on its fabricated components and subsequent assembly; therefore, a variety of types, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover wood-cleated panelboard box performance under all atmospheric, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.  
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.17), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication of new fully enclosed wire bound pallet-type wooden boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding a certain weight given. Wire bound pallet-type wooden box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. According to type of material used in the manufacture of wooden boxes, four types are classified: Type I which are made with sheathed lumber, Type II which are made with sheathed lumber and veneer, Type III which are made of sheathed lumber and veneer with two different length sidewalls, and Type IV which are made of sheathed plywood. Four classes have been designated to wooden boxes, according to the number of entry ways: Class 1 which has partial four-way entry base, Class 2 which has two-way entry base, Class 3 which has partial four-way entry base with two different length sidewalls, and Class 4 which has two-way entry base with two different length sidewalls. And for the wooden boxes’ last classification, the way they are treated are described also as follows: Treatment A and B- with water preservative treatment and Treatment C without preservative treatment. All recovered, recycled, or virgin materials used in box manufacture shall meet the requirements of this specification and referenced documents. In addition, materials shall not affect or be affected by the product being packed. To determine the wooden boxes’ performance, the following tests shall be conducted: wood members moisture content test, coating adherence on galvanized wire test, wire tensile strength test, oxine copper preservative test, and zinc napthenate preservative test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new fully enclosed wirebound pallet-type wood boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 2500 lb [1134 kg] (see 4.1 and 10.1).  
1.2 Wirebound pallet-type wood box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified (see 4). This specification, however, does not cover wirebound pallet-type wood box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.  
1.3 The use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.11), provided the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle provided in Practice D4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See for conversion of units.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard classification will be used to:  
4.1.1 Standardize the package size increasing availability, versatility, and acceptability of bulk box/pallet units.  
4.1.2 Lower transport package manufacturing costs.  
4.1.3 Lower cost/lb of packaged resin because of higher net weight/package.  
4.1.4 Reduce environmental impact of pallets and bulk boxes by reducing waste.  
4.1.5 Support reuse of bulk boxes and pallets throughout the supply chain.  
4.1.6 Optimize lifecycle package cost.  
4.1.7 Improve both inbound and outbound freight cost in comparison to non-optimal packaging.  
4.1.8 Lower inventory/storage cost of raw materials (need less on hand).  
4.1.9 Reduce warehouse space for resin storage.  
4.1.10 Reduce forklift trips (carrying higher weight).  
4.1.11 Promote multi-industry usage of common footprint boxes and pallets (examples are the automotive and chemical drum industry).  
4.1.12 Guide the first-time resin packager as to a successful bulk box/pallet unit now in use in the resin industry.  
4.1.13 Optimize net product weight in truckload trailer vans and oversea containers.  
4.2 This standard classification will be used by:  
4.2.1 Resin producers/converters/compounders/customers to compare with their current practice.  
4.2.2 Bulk box manufacturers to recommend a proven cost-effective package for plastic resins in the targeted bulk density range.  
4.2.3 Pallet manufacturers as a common bulk box footprint pallet for the targeted bulk density ranges used by the plastic resin industry.  
4.2.4 Box liner manufacturers to size their liners to a specified volume dimension.  
4.2.5 Warehouses to provide space layout plans based on dimensions of the standard box/pallet unit.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers containers used to hold plastic resins with bulk density (Test Methods D1895) of 27 to 39 lb/ft3 (0.432 to 0.625 g/cm3).  
1.2 This classification does not apply to any plastic resins with bulk density below 27 lb/ft3 (0.432 g/cm3) or above 39lb/ft3  (0.625 g/cm3).  
1.3 This classification does not apply to bulk boxes containing hazardous materials.  
1.4 This classification does not address box/pallet unitization requirements.  
1.5 This classification does not address requirements of plastic bag liners normally placed inside the corrugated bulk box before filling with plastic resin.  
1.6 This classification does not address tamping, shaking, or other compression methods of the resin filled bulk box to condense entrained air and increase headspace in the bulk box.  
1.7 This classification does not address blocking and bracing or other shipping requirements normally associated with bulk box unit deliveries.  
1.8 This classification does not address filled bulk box/pallet unit stack height.  
1.9 This classification does not address international shipping regulations of bulk box/pallet units.  
1.10 This classification does not address pallet opening sizes for pallet trucks.  
1.11 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.13 This classification offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this classification may be applicable in all circumstances. This...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication of new wire-bound general purpose panelboard shipping boxes for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of materials and supplies. This specification does not include wirebound box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Methods other than those detailed here may be used for the construction of the boxes, provided, that the finished products are of equal or better performance than those produced using the recommended procedures. The boxes are grouped into three types according to the load each box can carry, three classes according to shipment specifications, three styles, and two grades. It is recommended that the boxes be made from recycled materials, lumber, wires, and fasteners that meet the requirements of this specification. Each box side and joint should be assembled according to the recommended procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new wirebound general purpose (GP) panelboard (hereafter referred to as wirebound boxes) shipping boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 500 lb [226.8 kg] for Class 1 domestic, 400 lb [181.4 kg] for Class 2 overseas shipments or 300 lb [136.0 kg] for Class 3 extreme distribution hazard conditions or military contingency purposes.  
1.2 Wirebound box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types of load, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification does not cover wirebound box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Wirebound boxes in compliance with Hazardous Material Modal Regulations or United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs) are found in the Supplementary Requirements.  
1.3 The use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and shall be permitted, provided the resulting packaging systems are of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate Practice D4169 distribution cycle(s) can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI values given in brackets are mathematical. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication methods for the production of wood boxes. The wood boxes produced are classified into two classes according to durability, six styles according to cleat and joint structure, and two treatment types. It is recommended that the boxes be made from recycled materials using standard-compliant fasteners. Each box side and joint should be assembled according to the recommended procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of wood boxes. These wood boxes, when constructed, filled and closed, shall be used for the packing of contents not exceeding 1000 lb [454 kg].  
1.2 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1), the resulting boxes shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of the specified materials and procedures. An appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for conversion of units.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Each wood member contains a combination of characteristics which affects the performance of the container or pallet in which it is used. The requirements for classes, herein specified, have been established as these characteristics are related to the functional application of members in container and pallet construction and to the service that the container or pallet may be called upon to perform.  
4.2 Any other specified requirements or limitations peculiar to a particular container or pallet construction or use, such as prohibiting knotholes or loose knots to provide siftproofness, limitation to certain wood groups or species, or the selection of applicable classes for specific members of or types of containers or pallet shall be the responsibility of the standard for that container or pallet.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the quality requirements for three classes of hardwood and soft-wood members, excluding man-made or fabricated wood composites, used in the construction of boxes, crates, pallets, and blocking and bracing.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers five types and two styles of open and one type, and one style of covered wood crates designed for net loads not exceeding 4000 lb [1814 kg]. Open crates are suitable for shipment of items, which are not readily susceptible to damage from outside forces, and which require only limited protection against the elements. In general, style A crates have heavier components and are to withstand rather severe handling and multiple shipments (heavy-duty), while style B crates should be confined to handling and shipping that impose only light to moderate hazards on the container (light-duty). Types I, IV, and V crates are general purpose types; type II crates are designed for items such as ladders, tubing, extrusions, or wallboard which do not require blocking, bracing, or cushioning; and type III, style B crates are designed for such self-supporting material as channels, angles, or other structural members where the container serves only as a means for more convenient stacking and handling. The construction and assembly method for open and covered wood crates are presented in details. A crate shall be completely assembled to ensure achievement of a container which can be properly and easily assembled which is square, and is of the proper size. Evaluate the clarity and logic of the assembly instructions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers five types and two styles of open and one type, and one style of covered wood crates designed for net loads not exceeding 4000 lb [1814 kg]. Open crates are suitable for shipment of items, which are not readily susceptible to damage from outside forces, and which require only limited protection against the elements.  
1.2 If environmental protection is necessary, use of a shroud or a covered crate should be considered. With the exception of Type III, Style B crates, the crates included in this specification are for use in domestic and overseas shipment of net loads not over 4000 lb [1814 kg]. Use shall be confined to items falling within the dimensions and weight limitations of the types and grades specified in Table 1.  
1.3 In general, Style A crates have heavier components and are to withstand rather severe handling and multiple shipments (heavy-duty), while Style B crates should be confined to handling and shipping that impose only light to moderate hazards on the container (light-duty). Types I, IV, and V crates are general purpose types; Type II crates are designed for items such as ladders, tubing, extrusions, or wallboard which do not require blocking, bracing, or cushioning; and Type III, Style B crates are designed for such self-supporting material as channels, angles, or other structural members where the container serves only as a means for more convenient stacking and handling.  
1.4 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.13), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in Practice D4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of Inter...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material and fabrication of new reusable, slotted angle metal crates intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of lightweight airframe components and lightweight bulky items for domestic or overseas air and surface shipments. This specification includes metal crates in a variety of types, classes, and styles reflecting varied performance, but does not address their performance under al atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Type I are open crates, while Type II are fully-enclosed or sheathed with solid material. On the other hand, Class 1 are used for outside or indeterminate storage, while Class 2 are for inside or protected storage. And finally, Style A are furnished without skids or rubbing strips, while Style B are furnished with skid blocks or skids with rubbing strips and provisions for forklift truck handling. Details regarding the manufacture and construction requirements are itemized thoroughly.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the material and fabrication of new reusable metal (slotted angle) crates intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of lightweight airframe components and lightweight bulky items, not exceeding 3000 lb [1361 kg] for domestic or overseas air and surface shipments.  
1.2 Slotted angle crate performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and styles reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover slotted angle crate performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.  
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.12), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in Practice D4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for two types and two classes of sheathed crates each of which may have two base styles. The crates are designed for net loads not exceeding 30 000 pounds lb [13 607 kg] and to withstand the most severe overseas shipping and storage conditions.  
1.2 The crates described by this specification are intended to protect items from atmospheric elements during shipment and storage. They are designed to withstand the rough handling of logistic operations including stacking and outside storage for a prolonged period.  
1.3 Class 1 and 2 crates may be used interchangeably as desired. However, the Class 2 crate should be used when weight is a prime consideration, as the lack of diagonals and thinner plywood sheathing results in a lighter crate.  
1.4 Demountable crates, Type II, should be used whenever it is expected that the contained item will require reshipping to another destination.  
1.5 Sill bases, Style B, are intended for items that project below their mounting points, such as disassembled vehicles.  
1.6 If the use of other construction method or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.10), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication of wood-cleated shipping boxes with skidded. load-bearing bases designed for nonregulated domestic and overseas shipment of loads under a specified weight limit. Box performance under all atmospheres, handling, shipping, and storage conditions is not discussed here. The boxes are classified into two types according to base material, two classes according to shipment destination, two styles, and two treatments. It is recommended that the boxes be made from recycled materials, lumber, fiberboard, fasteners, and base components that meet the requirements of this specification. Each box side and joint should be assembled according to the recommended procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new wood-cleated boxes with skidded, load-bearing bases. Boxes covered by this specification are designed for nonregulated domestic and overseas shipment of loads less than 2500 lb [1134 kg] and not greater than 16 ft [4877 mm] in length (see 9.1). Regulated commodities shipments may require better boxes than those specified herein (see 9.2).  
1.2 The performance of wood-cleated boxes with skidded, load-bearing bases is dependent on their fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, styles, and classes reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping and storage conditions.  
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.18), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in Practice D4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies. The box shall be classified according to box type: Type I; Type II; Type II; and Type IV. According to class: Class 1 and Class 2. According to style: Style A; Style A1; Style B; Style C through K. According to preservative treatment; Treatment A and Treatment B. And according to load type: Type 1; Type 2; and Type 3. Panels shall be fabricated by nailing, stapling, or gluing panelboard to cleats placed. Fastener component test, fastener test for securing cleats to panelboard panels; lateral resistance test; direct withdrawal resistance test; oxine copper preservative test; zinc napthenate preservative test; and preservative dryness test shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 1000 lb [454 kg] depending on box type (see 10.1).  
1.2 Wood-cleated panelboard shipping box performance is dependent on its fabricated components and subsequent assembly; therefore, a variety of types, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover wood-cleated panelboard box performance under all atmospheric, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.  
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.17), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Each wood member contains a combination of characteristics which affects the performance of the container or pallet in which it is used. The requirements for classes, herein specified, have been established as these characteristics are related to the functional application of members in container and pallet construction and to the service that the container or pallet may be called upon to perform.  
4.2 Any other specified requirements or limitations peculiar to a particular container or pallet construction or use, such as prohibiting knotholes or loose knots to provide siftproofness, limitation to certain wood groups or species, or the selection of applicable classes for specific members of or types of containers or pallet shall be the responsibility of the standard for that container or pallet.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the quality requirements for three classes of hardwood and soft-wood members, excluding man-made or fabricated wood composites, used in the construction of boxes, crates, pallets, and blocking and bracing.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes the criteria to treat, or mark, or both WPM with permanent identification for the phytosanitary treatment, or intended service cycle, or both, repair, specification used, and other designated characteristics.  
4.2 The marking of the WPM shall be performed after ensuring the material complies with the applicable specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the development of recommended treatment, or marking practices, or both, for wood packaging materials (WPM) and aids in identifying WPM as to phytosanitary treatment, intended service cycles, repair, the specific specification used to manufacture or recycle, and other user designated characteristics.  
1.2 This practice identifies WPM treated, or marked, or both in accordance with industry, government, or international recognized standards.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard classification will be used to:  
4.1.1 Standardize the package size increasing availability, versatility, and acceptability of bulk box/pallet units.  
4.1.2 Lower transport package manufacturing costs.  
4.1.3 Lower cost/lb of packaged resin because of higher net weight/package.  
4.1.4 Reduce environmental impact of pallets and bulk boxes by reducing waste.  
4.1.5 Support reuse of bulk boxes and pallets throughout the supply chain.  
4.1.6 Optimize lifecycle package cost.  
4.1.7 Improve both inbound and outbound freight cost in comparison to non-optimal packaging.  
4.1.8 Lower inventory/storage cost of raw materials (need less on hand).  
4.1.9 Reduce warehouse space for resin storage.  
4.1.10 Reduce forklift trips (carrying higher weight).  
4.1.11 Promote multi-industry usage of common footprint boxes and pallets (examples are the automotive and chemical drum industry).  
4.1.12 Guide the first-time resin packager as to a successful bulk box/pallet unit now in use in the resin industry.  
4.1.13 Optimize net product weight in truckload trailer vans and oversea containers.  
4.2 This standard classification will be used by:  
4.2.1 Resin producers/converters/compounders/customers to compare with their current practice.  
4.2.2 Bulk box manufacturers to recommend a proven cost-effective package for plastic resins in the targeted bulk density range.  
4.2.3 Pallet manufacturers as a common bulk box footprint pallet for the targeted bulk density ranges used by the plastic resin industry.  
4.2.4 Box liner manufacturers to size their liners to a specified volume dimension.  
4.2.5 Warehouses to provide space layout plans based on dimensions of the standard box/pallet unit.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers containers used to hold plastic resins with bulk density (Test Methods D1895) of 27 to 39 lb/ft3 (0.432 to 0.625 g/cm3).  
1.2 This classification does not apply to any plastic resins with bulk density below 27 lb/ft3 (0.432 g/cm3) or above 39lb/ft3  (0.625 g/cm3).  
1.3 This classification does not apply to bulk boxes containing hazardous materials.  
1.4 This classification does not address box/pallet unitization requirements.  
1.5 This classification does not address requirements of plastic bag liners normally placed inside the corrugated bulk box before filling with plastic resin.  
1.6 This classification does not address tamping, shaking, or other compression methods of the resin filled bulk box to condense entrained air and increase headspace in the bulk box.  
1.7 This classification does not address blocking and bracing or other shipping requirements normally associated with bulk box unit deliveries.  
1.8 This classification does not address filled bulk box/pallet unit stack height.  
1.9 This classification does not address international shipping regulations of bulk box/pallet units.  
1.10 This classification does not address pallet opening sizes for pallet trucks.  
1.11 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.13 This classification offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this classification may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standa...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication of new fully enclosed wire bound pallet-type wooden boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding a certain weight given. Wire bound pallet-type wooden box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. According to type of material used in the manufacture of wooden boxes, four types are classified: Type I which are made with sheathed lumber, Type II which are made with sheathed lumber and veneer, Type III which are made of sheathed lumber and veneer with two different length sidewalls, and Type IV which are made of sheathed plywood. Four classes have been designated to wooden boxes, according to the number of entry ways: Class 1 which has partial four-way entry base, Class 2 which has two-way entry base, Class 3 which has partial four-way entry base with two different length sidewalls, and Class 4 which has two-way entry base with two different length sidewalls. And for the wooden boxes� last classification, the way they are treated are described also as follows: Treatment A and B- with water preservative treatment and Treatment C without preservative treatment. All recovered, recycled, or virgin materials used in box manufacture shall meet the requirements of this specification and referenced documents. In addition, materials shall not affect or be affected by the product being packed. To determine the wooden boxes� performance, the following tests shall be conducted: wood members moisture content test, coating adherence on galvanized wire test, wire tensile strength test, oxine copper preservative test, and zinc napthenate preservative test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new fully enclosed wirebound pallet-type wood boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 2500 lb [1134 kg] (see 4.1 and 10.1).  
1.2 Wirebound pallet-type wood box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified (see 4). This specification, however, does not cover wirebound pallet-type wood box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.  
1.3 The use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.11), provided the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle provided in Practice D4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See for conversion of units.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication of new wire-bound general purpose panelboard shipping boxes for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of materials and supplies. This specification does not include wirebound box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Methods other than those detailed here may be used for the construction of the boxes, provided, that the finished products are of equal or better performance than those produced using the recommended procedures. The boxes are grouped into three types according to the load each box can carry, three classes according to shipment specifications, three styles, and two grades. It is recommended that the boxes be made from recycled materials, lumber, wires, and fasteners that meet the requirements of this specification. Each box side and joint should be assembled according to the recommended procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new wirebound general purpose (GP) panelboard (hereafter referred to as wirebound boxes) shipping boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 500 lb [226.8 kg] for Class 1 domestic, 400 lb [181.4 kg] for Class 2 overseas shipments or 300 lb [136.0 kg] for Class 3 extreme distribution hazard conditions or military contingency purposes.  
1.2 Wirebound box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types of load, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification does not cover wirebound box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Wirebound boxes in compliance with Hazardous Material Modal Regulations or United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs) are found in the Supplementary Requirements.  
1.3 The use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and shall be permitted, provided the resulting packaging systems are of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate Practice D4169 distribution cycle(s) can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI values given in brackets are mathematical. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Each wood member contains a combination of characteristics which affects the performance of the container or pallet in which it is used. The requirements for classes, herein specified, have been established as these characteristics are related to the functional application of members in container and pallet construction and to the service that the container or pallet may be called upon to perform.
Any other specified requirements or limitations peculiar to a particular container or pallet construction or use, such as prohibiting knotholes or loose knots to provide siftproofness, limitation to certain wood groups or species, or the selection of applicable classes for specific members of or types of containers or pallet shall be the responsibility of the standard for that container or pallet.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the quality requirements for three classes of hardwood and soft-wood members, excluding man-made or fabricated wood composites, used in the construction of boxes, crates, pallets, and blocking and bracing.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of the regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers five types and two styles of open and one type, and one style of covered wood crates designed for net loads not exceeding 4000 lb [1814 kg]. Open crates are suitable for shipment of items, which are not readily susceptible to damage from outside forces, and which require only limited protection against the elements. In general, style A crates have heavier components and are to withstand rather severe handling and multiple shipments (heavy-duty), while style B crates should be confined to handling and shipping that impose only light to moderate hazards on the container (light-duty). Types I, IV, and V crates are general purpose types; type II crates are designed for items such as ladders, tubing, extrusions, or wallboard which do not require blocking, bracing, or cushioning; and type III, style B crates are designed for such self-supporting material as channels, angles, or other structural members where the container serves only as a means for more convenient stacking and handling. The construction and assembly method for open and covered wood crates are presented in details. A crate shall be completely assembled to ensure achievement of a container which can be properly and easily assembled which is square, and is of the proper size. Evaluate the clarity and logic of the assembly instructions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers five types and two styles of open and one type, and one style of covered wood crates designed for net loads not exceeding 4000 lb [1814 kg]. Open crates are suitable for shipment of items, which are not readily susceptible to damage from outside forces, and which require only limited protection against the elements.
1.2 If environmental protection is necessary, use of a shroud or a covered crate should be considered. With the exception of Type III, Style B crates, the crates included in this specification are for use in domestic and overseas shipment of net loads not over 4000 lb [1814 kg]. Use shall be confined to items falling within the dimensions and weight limitations of the types and grades specified in Table 1.
1.3 In general, Style A crates have heavier components and are to withstand rather severe handling and multiple shipments (heavy-duty), while Style B crates should be confined to handling and shipping that impose only light to moderate hazards on the container (light-duty). Types I, IV, and V crates are general purpose types; Type II crates are designed for items such as ladders, tubing, extrusions, or wallboard which do not require blocking, bracing, or cushioning; and Type III, Style B crates are designed for such self-supporting material as channels, angles, or other structural members where the container serves only as a means for more convenient stacking and handling.
1.4 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.13), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in Practice D 4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
TABLE 1 Crate Classification    TypeStyle A, Heavy DutyStyle B, Light Duty Maximum Net Load (lb/kg)Inside Dimensions, maxMaximum Net Load (lb/kg)Inside Dimensions, max Length (ft/mm)Width (ft/mm)Hei...

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for two types and two classes of sheathed crates each of which may have two base styles. The crates are designed for net loads not exceeding 30 000 pounds lb [13 607 kg] and to withstand the most severe overseas shipping and storage conditions.
1.2 The crates described by this specification are intended to protect items from atmospheric elements during shipment and storage. They are designed to withstand the rough handling of logistic operations including stacking and outside storage for a prolonged period.
1.3 Class 1 and 2 crates may be used interchangeably as desired. However, the Class 2 crate should be used when weight is a prime consideration, as the lack of diagonals and thinner plywood sheathing results in a lighter crate.
1.4 Demountable crates, Type II, should be used whenever it is expected that the contained item will require reshipping to another destination.
1.5 Sill bases, Style B, are intended for items that project below their mounting points, such as disassembled vehicles.
1.6 If the use of other construction method or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.10), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D 4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material and fabrication of new reusable, slotted angle metal crates intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of lightweight airframe components and lightweight bulky items for domestic or overseas air and surface shipments. This specification includes metal crates in a variety of types, classes, and styles reflecting varied performance, but does not address their performance under al atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Type I are open crates, while Type II are fully-enclosed or sheathed with solid material. On the other hand, Class 1 are used for outside or indeterminate storage, while Class 2 are for inside or protected storage. And finally, Style A are furnished without skids or rubbing strips, while Style B are furnished with skid blocks or skids with rubbing strips and provisions for forklift truck handling. Details regarding the manufacture and construction requirements are itemized thoroughly.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the material and fabrication of new reusable metal (slotted angle) crates intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of lightweight airframe components and lightweight bulky items, not exceeding 3000 lb [1361 kg] for domestic or overseas air and surface shipments.
1.2 Slotted angle crate performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and styles reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover slotted angle crate performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.12), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in Practice D4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See  for conversion of units.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication methods for the production of wood boxes. The wood boxes produced are classified into two classes according to durability, six styles according to cleat and joint structure, and two treatment types. It is recommended that the boxes be made from recycled materials using standard-compliant fasteners. Each box side and joint should be assembled according to the recommended procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of wood boxes. These wood boxes, when constructed, filled and closed, shall be used for the packing of contents not exceeding 1000 pounds [454 kg].
1.2 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1), the resulting boxes shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of the specified materials and procedures. An appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See  for conversion of units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies. The box shall be classified according to box type: Type I; Type II; Type II; and Type IV. According to class: Class 1 and Class 2. According to style: Style A; Style A1; Style B; Style C through K. According to preservative treatment; Treatment A and Treatment B. And according to load type: Type 1; Type 2; and Type 3. Panels shall be fabricated by nailing, stapling, or gluing panelboard to cleats placed. Fastener component test, fastener test for securing cleats to panelboard panels; lateral resistance test; direct withdrawal resistance test; oxine copper preservative test; zinc napthenate preservative test; and preservative dryness test shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 1000 lb [454 kg] depending on box type (see 10.1).
1.2 Wood-cleated panelboard shipping box performance is dependent on its fabricated components and subsequent assembly; therefore, a variety of types, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover wood-cleated panelboard box performance under all atmospheric, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.17), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See  for conversion of units.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication of wood-cleated shipping boxes with skidded. load-bearing bases designed for nonregulated domestic and overseas shipment of loads under a specified weight limit. Box performance under all atmospheres, handling, shipping, and storage conditions is not discussed here. The boxes are classified into two types according to base material, two classes according to shipment destination, two styles, and two treatments. It is recommended that the boxes be made from recycled materials, lumber, fiberboard, fasteners, and base components that meet the requirements of this specification. Each box side and joint should be assembled according to the recommended procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new wood-cleated boxes with skidded, load-bearing bases. Boxes covered by this specification are designed for nonregulated domestic and overseas shipment of loads less than 2500 lb [1134 kg] and not greater than 16 ft [4877 mm] in length (see 9.1). Regulated commodities shipments may require better boxes than those specified herein (see 9.2).
1.2 The performance of wood-cleated boxes with skidded, load-bearing bases is dependent on their fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, styles, and classes reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.18), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in Practice D4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See  for conversion of units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice establishes the criteria to treat, or mark, or both WPM with permanent identification for the phytosanitary treatment, or intended service cycle, or both, repair, specification used, and other designated characteristics.
The marking of the WPM shall be performed after ensuring the material complies with the applicable specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the development of recommended treatment, or marking practices, or both, for wood packaging materials (WPM) and aids in identifying WPM as to phytosanitary treatment, intended service cycles, repair, the specific specification used to manufacture or recycle, and other user designated characteristics.
1.2 This practice identifies WPM treated, or marked, or both in accordance with industry, government, or international recognized standards.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers five types and two styles of open and one type, and one style of covered wood crates designed for net loads not exceeding 4000 lb [1814 kg]. Open crates are suitable for shipment of items, which are not readily susceptible to damage from outside forces, and which require only limited protection against the elements. In general, style A crates have heavier components and are to withstand rather severe handling and multiple shipments (heavy-duty), while style B crates should be confined to handling and shipping that impose only light to moderate hazards on the container (light-duty). Types I, IV, and V crates are general purpose types; type II crates are designed for items such as ladders, tubing, extrusions, or wallboard which do not require blocking, bracing, or cushioning; and type III, style B crates are designed for such self-supporting material as channels, angles, or other structural members where the container serves only as a means for more convenient stacking and handling. The construction and assembly method for open and covered wood crates are presented in details. A crate shall be completely assembled to ensure achievement of a container which can be properly and easily assembled which is square, and is of the proper size. Evaluate the clarity and logic of the assembly instructions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers five types and two styles of open and one type, and one style of covered wood crates designed for net loads not exceeding 4000 lb [1814 kg]. Open crates are suitable for shipment of items, which are not readily susceptible to damage from outside forces, and which require only limited protection against the elements.
1.2 If environmental protection is necessary, use of a shroud or a covered crate should be considered. With the exception of Type III, Style B crates, the crates included in this specification are for use in domestic and overseas shipment of net loads not over 4000 lb [1814 kg]. Use shall be confined to items falling within the dimensions and weight limitations of the types and grades specified in Table 1.
1.3 In general, Style A crates have heavier components and are to withstand rather severe handling and multiple shipments (heavy-duty), while Style B crates should be confined to handling and shipping that impose only light to moderate hazards on the container (light-duty). Types I, IV, and V crates are general purpose types; Type II crates are designed for items such as ladders, tubing, extrusions, or wallboard which do not require blocking, bracing, or cushioning; and Type III, Style B crates are designed for such self-supporting material as channels, angles, or other structural members where the container serves only as a means for more convenient stacking and handling.
1.4 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.13), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in Practice D 4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
TABLE 1 Crate Classification    TypeStyle A, Heavy DutyStyle B, Light Duty Maximum Net Load (lb/kg)Inside Dimensions, maxMaximum Net Load (lb/kg)Inside Dimensions, max Length (ft/mm)Width (ft/mm)Hei...

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for two types and two classes of sheathed crates each of which may have two base styles. The crates are designed for net loads not exceeding 30 000 pounds lb [13 607 kg] and to withstand the most severe overseas shipping and storage conditions.
1.2 The crates described by this specification are intended to protect items from atmospheric elements during shipment and storage. They are designed to withstand the rough handling of logistic operations including stacking and outside storage for a prolonged period.
1.3 Class 1 and 2 crates may be used interchangeably as desired. However, the Class 2 crate should be used when weight is a prime consideration, as the lack of diagonals and thinner plywood sheathing results in a lighter crate.
1.4 Demountable crates, Type II, should be used whenever it is expected that the contained item will require reshipping to another destination.
1.5 Sill bases, Style B, are intended for items that project below their mounting points, such as disassembled vehicles.
1.6 If the use of other construction method or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.10), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D 4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for two types and two classes of sheathed crates each of which may have two base styles. The crates are designed for net loads not exceeding 30 000 pounds lb [13 607 kg] and to withstand the most severe overseas shipping and storage conditions.
1.2 The crates described by this specification are intended to protect items from atmospheric elements during shipment and storage. They are designed to withstand the rough handling of logistic operations including stacking and outside storage for a prolonged period.
1.3 Class 1 and 2 crates may be used interchangeably as desired. However, the Class 2 crate should be used when weight is a prime consideration, as the lack of diagonals and thinner plywood sheathing results in a lighter crate.
1.4 Demountable crates, Type II, should be used whenever it is expected that the contained item will require reshipping to another destination.
1.5 Sill bases, Style B, are intended for items that project below their mounting points, such as disassembled vehicles.
1.6 If the use of other construction method or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.10), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D 4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This standard classification will be used to:
Standardize the package size increasing availability, versatility, and acceptability of bulk box/pallet units.
Lower transport package manufacturing costs.
Lower cost/lb of packaged resin because of higher net weight/package.
Reduce environmental impact of pallets and bulk boxes by reducing waste.
Support reuse of bulk boxes and pallets throughout the supply chain.
Optimize lifecycle package cost.
Improve both inbound and outbound freight cost in comparison to non-optimal packaging.
Lower inventory/storage cost of raw materials (need less on hand).
Reduce warehouse space for resin storage.
Reduce forklift trips (carrying higher weight).
Promote multi-industry usage of common footprint boxes and pallets (examples are the automotive and chemical drum industry).
Guide the first-time resin packager as to a successful bulk box/pallet unit now in use in the resin industry.
Optimize net product weight in truckload trailer vans and oversea containers.
This standard classification will be used by:
Resin producers/converters/compounders/customers to compare with their current practice.
Bulk box manufacturers to recommend a proven cost-effective package for plastic resins in the targeted bulk density range.
Pallet manufacturers as a common bulk box footprint pallet for the targeted bulk density ranges used by the plastic resin industry.
Box liner manufacturers to size their liners to a specified volume dimension.
Warehouses to provide space layout plans based on dimensions of the standard box/pallet unit.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers containers used to hold plastic resins with bulk density (Test Methods D 1895) of 27 to 39 lb/ft3 (0.432 to 0.625 g/cm3).
1.2 This classification does not apply to any plastic resins with bulk density below 27 lb/ft3 (0.432 g/cm3) or above 39lb/ft3  (0.625 g/cm3).
1.3 This classification does not apply to bulk boxes containing hazardous materials.
1.4 This classification does not address box/pallet unitization requirements.
1.5 This classification does not address requirements of plastic bag liners normally placed inside the corrugated bulk box before filling with plastic resin.
1.6 This classification does not address tamping, shaking, or other compression methods of the resin filled bulk box to condense entrained air and increase headspace in the bulk box.
1.7 This classification does not address blocking and bracing or other shipping requirements normally associated with bulk box unit deliveries.
1.8 This classification does not address filled bulk box/pallet unit stack height.
1.9 This classification does not address international shipping regulations of bulk box/pallet units.
1.10 This classification does not address pallet opening sizes for pallet trucks.
1.11 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.13 This classification offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this classification may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this docu...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication of new fully enclosed wire bound pallet-type wooden boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding a certain weight given. Wire bound pallet-type wooden box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. According to type of material used in the manufacture of wooden boxes, four types are classified: Type I which are made with sheathed lumber, Type II which are made with sheathed lumber and veneer, Type III which are made of sheathed lumber and veneer with two different length sidewalls, and Type IV which are made of sheathed plywood. Four classes have been designated to wooden boxes, according to the number of entry ways: Class 1 which has partial four-way entry base, Class 2 which has two-way entry base, Class 3 which has partial four-way entry base with two different length sidewalls, and Class 4 which has two-way entry base with two different length sidewalls. And for the wooden boxes last classification, the way they are treated are described also as follows: Treatment A and B- with water preservative treatment and Treatment C without preservative treatment. All recovered, recycled, or virgin materials used in box manufacture shall meet the requirements of this specification and referenced documents. In addition, materials shall not affect or be affected by the product being packed. To determine the wooden boxes' performance, the following tests shall be conducted: wood members moisture content test, coating adherence on galvanized wire test, wire tensile strength test, oxine copper preservative test, and zinc napthenate preservative test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new fully enclosed wirebound pallet-type wooden boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 2500 lb [1134 kg] (see ).
1.2 Wirebound pallet-type wooden box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover wirebound pallet-type wooden box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see ), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle provided in Practice D 4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Each wood member contains a combination of characteristics which affects the performance of the container or pallet in which it is used. The requirements for classes, herein specified, have been established as these characteristics are related to the functional application of members in container and pallet construction and to the service that the container or pallet may be called upon to perform.
Any other specified requirements or limitations peculiar to a particular container or pallet construction or use, such as prohibiting knotholes or loose knots to provide siftproofness, limitation to certain wood groups or species, or the selection of applicable classes for specific members of or types of containers or pallet shall be the responsibility of the standard for that container or pallet.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the quality requirements for three classes of hardwood and soft-wood members, excluding man-made or fabricated wood composites, used in the construction of boxes, crates, pallets, and blocking and bracing.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of the regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 1000 lb [454 kg] depending on box type (see 10.1).
1.2 Wood-cleated panelboard shipping box performance is dependent on its fabricated components and subsequent assembly; therefore, a variety of types, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover wood-cleated panelboard box performance under all atmospheric, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see ), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D 4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 1000 lb [454 kg] depending on box type (see 10.1).
1.2 Wood-cleated panelboard shipping box performance is dependent on its fabricated components and subsequent assembly; therefore, a variety of types, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover wood-cleated panelboard box performance under all atmospheric, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see ), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D 4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies. The box shall be classified according to box type: Type I; Type II; Type II; and Type IV. According to class: Class 1 and Class 2. According to style: Style A; Style A1; Style B; Style C through K. According to preservative treatment; Treatment A and Treatment B. And according to load type: Type 1; Type 2; and Type 3. Panels shall be fabricated by nailing, stapling, or gluing panelboard to cleats placed. Fastener component test, fastener test for securing cleats to panelboard panels; lateral resistance test; direct withdrawal resistance test; oxine copper preservative test; zinc napthenate preservative test; and preservative dryness test shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 1000 lb [454 kg] depending on box type (see 10.1).
1.2 Wood-cleated panelboard shipping box performance is dependent on its fabricated components and subsequent assembly; therefore, a variety of types, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover wood-cleated panelboard box performance under all atmospheric, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.17), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D 4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication of new wire-bound general purpose panelboard shipping boxes for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of materials and supplies. This specification does not include wirebound box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Methods other than those detailed here may be used for the construction of the boxes, provided, that the finished products are of equal or better performance than those produced using the recommended procedures. The boxes are grouped into three types according to the load each box can carry, three classes according to shipment specifications, three styles, and two grades. It is recommended that the boxes be made from recycled materials, lumber, wires, and fasteners that meet the requirements of this specification. Each box side and joint should be assembled according to the recommended procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new wirebound general purpose (GP) panelboard (hereafter referred to as wirebound boxes) shipping boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 500 lb [226.8 kg] for class 1 domestic, 400 lb [181.4 kg] for Class 2 overseas shipments or 300 lb [136.0 kg] for Class 3 extreme distribution hazard conditions or military contingency purposes.
1.2 Wirebound box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification does not cover wirebound box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Wirebound boxes in compliance with Hazardous Material Modal Regulations or United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs) are found in the Supplementary Requirements.
1.3 The use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and shall be permitted, provided the resulting packaging systems are of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate Practice D 4169 distribution cycle(s) can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI values given in brackets are mathematical. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice establishes the criteria to treat, or mark, or both WPM with permanent identification for the phytosanitary treatment, or intended service cycle, or both, repair, specification used, and other designated characteristics.
The marking of the WPM shall be performed after ensuring the material complies with the applicable specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the development of recommended treatment, or marking practices, or both, for wood packaging materials (WPM) and aids in identifying WPM as to phytosanitary treatment, intended service cycles, repair, the specific specification used to manufacture or recycle, and other user designated characteristics.
1.2 This practice identifies WPM treated, or marked, or both in accordance with industry, government, or international recognized standards.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material and fabrication of new reusable, slotted angle metal crates intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of lightweight airframe components and lightweight bulky items for domestic or overseas air and surface shipments. This specification includes metal crates in a variety of types, classes, and styles reflecting varied performance, but does not address their performance under al atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Type I are open crates, while Type II are fully-enclosed or sheathed with solid material. On the other hand, Class 1 are used for outside or indeterminate storage, while Class 2 are for inside or protected storage. And finally, Style A are furnished without skids or rubbing strips, while Style B are furnished with skid blocks or skids with rubbing strips and provisions for forklift truck handling. Details regarding the manufacture and construction requirements are itemized thoroughly.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the material and fabrication of new reusable metal (slotted angle) crates intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of lightweight airframe components and lightweight bulky items, not exceeding 3000 lb [1361 kg] for domestic or overseas air and surface shipments.
1.2 Slotted angle crate performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and styles reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover slotted angle crate performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and permitted (see ), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in Practice D 4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new fully enclosed wirebound pallet-type wooden boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 2500 lb [1134 kg] (see 10.1).
1.2 Wirebound pallet-type wooden box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover wirebound pallet-type wooden box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.11), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified material and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle provided in Practice D 4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication of wood-cleated shipping boxes with skidded. load-bearing bases designed for nonregulated domestic and overseas shipment of loads under a specified weight limit. Box performance under all atmospheres, handling, shipping, and storage conditions is not discussed here. The boxes are classified into two types according to base material, two classes according to shipment destination, two styles, and two treatments. It is recommended that the boxes be made from recycled materials, lumber, fiberboard, fasteners, and base components that meet the requirements of this specification. Each box side and joint should be assembled according to the recommended procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new wood-cleated boxes with skidded, load-bearing bases. Boxes covered by this specification are designed for nonregulated domestic and overseas shipment of loads less than 2500 lb [1134 kg] and not greater than 16 ft [4877 mm] in length (see 9.1). Regulated commodities shipments may require better boxes than those specified herein (see 9.2).
1.2 The performance of wood-cleated boxes with skidded, load-bearing bases is dependent on their fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, styles, and classes reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.18), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in Practice D 4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication methods for the production of wood boxes. The wood boxes produced are classified into two classes according to durability, six styles according to cleat and joint structure, and two treatment types. It is recommended that the boxes be made from recycled materials using standard-compliant fasteners. Each box side and joint should be assembled according to the recommended procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of wood boxes. These wood boxes, when constructed, filled and closed, shall be used for the packing of contents not exceeding 1,000 pounds [454 kg].
1.2 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1), the resulting boxes shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of the specified materials and procedures. An appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D 4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the development of recommended treatment, or marking practices, or both for wood packaging materials (WPM) and aids in identifying WPM as to phytosanitary treatment, intended service cycles, repair, the specific specification used to manufacture or recycle, and other user designated characteristics.
1.2 This practice identifies WPM treated, or marked, or both in accordance with industry, government, or international recognized standards.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the quality requirements for three classes of hard and soft wood members, excluding man-made or fabricated wood composites, used in the construction of boxes, crates, pallets, and blocking and bracing.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This standard classification will be used to:
4.1.1 Standardize the package size increasing availability, versatility, and acceptability of bulk box/pallet units.
4.1.2 Lower transport package manufacturing costs.
4.1.3 Lower cost/lb of packaged resin because of higher net weight/package.
4.1.4 Reduce environmental impact of pallets and bulk boxes by reducing waste.
4.1.5 Support reuse of bulk boxes and pallets throughout the supply chain.
4.1.6 Optimize lifecycle package cost.
4.1.7 Improve both inbound and outbound freight cost in comparison to non-optimal packaging.
4.1.8 Lower inventory/storage cost of raw materials (need less on hand).
4.1.9 Reduce warehouse space for resin storage.
4.1.10 Reduce forklift trips (carrying higher weight).
4.1.11 Promote multi-industry usage of common footprint boxes and pallets (examples are the automotive and chemical drum industry).
4.1.12 Guide the first-time resin packager as to a successful bulk box/pallet unit now in use in the resin industry.
4.1.13 Optimize net product weight in truckload trailer vans and oversea containers.
This standard classification will be used by:
4.2.1 Resin producers/converters/compounders/customers to compare with their current practice.
4.2.2 Bulk box manufacturers to recommend a proven cost-effective package for plastic resins in the targeted bulk density range.
4.2.3 Pallet manufacturers as a common bulk box footprint pallet for the targeted bulk density ranges used by the plastic resin industry.
4.2.4 Box liner manufacturers to size their liners to a specified volume dimension.
4.2.5 Warehouses to provide space layout plans based on dimensions of the standard box/pallet unit.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers containers used to hold plastic resins with bulk density (Test Methods D 1895) of 27 to 39 lb/ft³ (0.432 to 0.625 g/cm³).
1.2 This classification does not apply to any plastic resins with bulk density below 27 lb/ft³ (0.432 g/cm³) or above 39lb/ft³ (0.625 g/cm³).
1.3 This standard does not apply to bulk boxes containing hazardous materials.
1.4 This standard does not address box/pallet unitization requirements.
1.5 This standard does not address requirements of plastic bag liners normally placed inside the corrugated bulk box before filling with plastic resin.
1.6 This standard does not address tamping, shaking, or other compression methods of the resin filled bulk box to condense entrained air and increase headspace in the bulk box.
1.7 This standard does not address blocking and bracing or other shipping requirements normally associated with bulk box unit deliveries.
1.8 This standard does not address filled bulk box/pallet unit stack height.
1.9 This standard does not address international shipping regulations of bulk box/pallet units.
1.10 This standard does not address pallet opening sizes for pallet trucks.
1.11 Units of Measure—The value stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.13 This classification offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this classification may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers five types and two styles of open and one type, and one style of covered wood crates designed for net loads not exceeding 4000 lb [1814 kg]. Open crates are suitable for shipment of items, which are not readily susceptible to damage from outside forces, and which require only limited protection against the elements. In general, style A crates have heavier components and are to withstand rather severe handling and multiple shipments (heavy-duty), while style B crates should be confined to handling and shipping that impose only light to moderate hazards on the container (light-duty). Types I, IV, and V crates are general purpose types; type II crates are designed for items such as ladders, tubing, extrusions, or wallboard which do not require blocking, bracing, or cushioning; and type III, style B crates are designed for such self-supporting material as channels, angles, or other structural members where the container serves only as a means for more convenient stacking and handling. The construction and assembly method for open and covered wood crates are presented in details. A crate shall be completely assembled to ensure achievement of a container which can be properly and easily assembled which is square, and is of the proper size. Evaluate the clarity and logic of the assembly instructions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers five types and two styles of open and one type, and one style of covered wood crates designed for net loads not exceeding 4000 lb [1814 kg]. Open crates are suitable for shipment of items, which are not readily susceptible to damage from outside forces, and which require only limited protection against the elements.
1.2 If environmental protection is necessary, use of a shroud or a covered crate should be considered. With the exception of Type III, Style B crates, the crates included in this specification are for use in domestic and overseas shipment of net loads not over 4000 lb [1814 kg]. Use shall be confined to items falling within the dimensions and weight limitations of the types and grades specified in .
1.3 In general, Style A crates have heavier components and are to withstand rather severe handling and multiple shipments (heavy-duty), while Style B crates should be confined to handling and shipping that impose only light to moderate hazards on the container (light-duty). Types I, IV, and V crates are general purpose types; Type II crates are designed for items such as ladders, tubing, extrusions, or wallboard which do not require blocking, bracing, or cushioning; and Type III, Style B crates are designed for such self-supporting material as channels, angles, or other structural members where the container serves only as a means for more convenient stacking and handling.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see ), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in Practice D 4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new wirebound general purpose (GP) panelboard (hereafter referred to as wirebound boxes) shipping boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 500 lb [226.8 kg] for class 1 domestic, 400 lb [181.4 kg] for Class 2 overseas shipments or 300 lb [136.0 kg] for Class 3 extreme distribution hazard conditions or military contingency purposes.
1.2 Wirebound box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification does not cover wirebound box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Wirebound boxes in compliance with Hazardous Material Modal Regulations or United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs) are found in the Supplementary Requirements.
1.3 The use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and shall be permitted, provided the resulting packaging systems are of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate Practice D 4169 distribution cycle(s) can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 Units--The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI values given in brackets are mathematical. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 1000 lb [454 kg] depending on box type (see 10.1).
1.2 Wood-cleated panelboard shipping box performance is dependent on its fabricated components and subsequent assembly; therefore, a variety of types, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover wood-cleated panelboard box performance under all atmospheric, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.17), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 1000 lb [454 kg] depending on box type (see 10.1).
1.2 Wood-cleated panelboard shipping box performance is dependent on its fabricated components and subsequent assembly; therefore, a variety of types, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover wood-cleated panelboard box performance under all atmospheric, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.17), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new wirebound general purpose (GP) panelboard (hereafter referred to as wirebound boxes) shipping boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 500 lb [226.8 kg] for class 1 domestic, 400 lb [181.4 kg] for Class 2 overseas shipments or 300 lb [136.0 kg] for Class 3 extreme distribution hazard conditions or military contingency purposes.
1.2 Wirebound box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification does not cover wirebound box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Wirebound boxes in compliance with Hazardous Material Modal Regulations or United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs) are found in the Supplementary Requirements.
1.3 The use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and shall be permitted, provided the resulting packaging systems are of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate Practice D 4169 distribution cycle(s) can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 Units--The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI values given in brackets are mathematical. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new wirebound general purpose (GP) panelboard (hereafter referred to as wirebound boxes) shipping boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 500 lb [226.8 kg] for class 1 domestic, 400 lb [181.4 kg] for Class 2 overseas shipments or 300 lb [136.0 kg] for Class 3 extreme distribution hazard conditions or military contingency purposes.
1.2 Wirebound box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification does not cover wirebound box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Wirebound boxes in compliance with Hazardous Material Modal Regulations or United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs) are found in the Supplementary Requirements.
1.3 The use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and shall be permitted, provided the resulting packaging systems are of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate Practice D 4169 distribution cycle(s) can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 Units--The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI values given in brackets are mathematical. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the quality requirements for three classes of hard and soft wood members, excluding man-made or fabricated wood composites, used in the construction of boxes, crates, pallets, and blocking and bracing.  
1.2 the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.