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ASTM G134-17(2023)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by Cavitating Liquid Jet

Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by Cavitating Liquid Jet

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used to estimate the relative resistances of materials to cavitation erosion, as may be encountered for instance in pumps, hydraulic turbines, valves, hydraulic dynamometers and couplings, bearings, diesel engine cylinder liners, ship propellers, hydrofoils, internal flow passages, and various components of fluid power systems or fuel systems of diesel engines. It can also be used to compare erosion produced by different liquids under the conditions simulated by the test. Its general applications are similar to those of Test Method G32.  
5.2 In this test method cavitation is generated in a flowing system. Both the velocity of flow which causes the formation of cavities and the chamber pressure in which they collapse can be changed easily and independently, so it is possible to study the effects of various parameters separately. Cavitation conditions can be controlled easily and precisely. Furthermore, if tests are performed at constant cavitation number (σ), it is possible, by suitably altering the pressures, to accelerate or slow down the testing process (see 11.2 and Fig. A2.2).  
5.3 This test method with standard conditions should not be used to rank materials for applications where electrochemical corrosion or solid particle impingement plays a major role. However, it could be adapted to evaluate erosion-corrosion effects if the appropriate liquid and cavitation number, for the service conditions of interest, are used (see 11.1).  
5.4 For metallic materials, this test method could also be used as a screening test for applications subjected to high-speed liquid drop impingement, if the use of Practice G73 is not feasible. However, this is not recommended for elastomeric coatings, composites, or other nonmetallic aerospace materials.  
5.5 The mechanisms of cavitation erosion and liquid impingement erosion are not fully understood and may vary, depending on the detailed nature, scale, and intensity of the liquid/solid interaction...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a test that can be used to compare the cavitation erosion resistance of solid materials. A submerged cavitating jet, issuing from a nozzle, impinges on a test specimen placed in its path so that cavities collapse on it, thereby causing erosion. The test is carried out under specified conditions in a specified liquid, usually water. This test method can also be used to compare the cavitation erosion capability of various liquids.  
1.2 This test method specifies the nozzle and nozzle holder shape and size, the specimen size and its method of mounting, and the minimum test chamber size. Procedures are described for selecting the standoff distance and one of several standard test conditions. Deviation from some of these conditions is permitted where appropriate and if properly documented. Guidance is given on setting up a suitable apparatus, test and reporting procedures, and the precautions to be taken. Standard reference materials are specified; these must be used to verify the operation of the facility and to define the normalized erosion resistance of other materials.  
1.3 Two types of tests are encompassed, one using test liquids which can be run to waste, for example, tap water, and the other using liquids which must be recirculated, for example, reagent water or various oils. Slightly different test circuits are required for each type.  
1.4 This test method provides an alternative to Test Method G32. In that method, cavitation is induced by vibrating a submerged specimen at high frequency (20 kHz) with a specified amplitude. In the present method, cavitation is generated in a flowing system so that both the jet velocity and the downstream pressure (which causes the bubble collapse) can be varied independently.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to addres...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2023
ICS
19.060 - Mechanical testing
Technical Committee
G02 - Wear and Erosion
Drafting Committee
G02.10 - Erosion by Solids and Liquids
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM G134-17(2023) - Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by Cavitating Liquid JetASTM G134-17(2023) - Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by Cavitating Liquid Jet
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ASTM G134-17(2023) - Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by Cavitating Liquid Jet
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: G134 − 17 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
1
Erosion of Solid Materials by Cavitating Liquid Jet
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers a test that can be used to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
compare the cavitation erosion resistance of solid materials. A
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
submerged cavitating jet, issuing from a nozzle, impinges on a
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
test specimen placed in its path so that cavities collapse on it,
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
thereby causing erosion. The test is carried out under specified
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
conditions in a specified liquid, usually water. This test method
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
can also be used to compare the cavitation erosion capability of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
various liquids.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 This test method specifies the nozzle and nozzle holder
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
shape and size, the specimen size and its method of mounting,
and the minimum test chamber size. Procedures are described
2. Referenced Documents
for selecting the standoff distance and one of several standard
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
test conditions. Deviation from some of these conditions is
A276/A276M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and
permitted where appropriate and if properly documented.
Shapes
Guidance is given on setting up a suitable apparatus, test and
B160 Specification for Nickel Rod and Bar
reporting procedures, and the precautions to be taken. Standard
B211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
reference materials are specified; these must be used to verify
Rolled or Cold-Finished Bar, Rod, and Wire (Metric)
the operation of the facility and to define the normalized
B0211_B0211M
erosion resistance of other materials.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.3 Two types of tests are encompassed, one using test
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
liquids which can be run to waste, for example, tap water, and
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
the other using liquids which must be recirculated, for
G32 Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory
example, reagent water or various oils. Slightly different test
Apparatus
circuits are required for each type.
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
G73 Test Method for Liquid Impingement Erosion Using
1.4 This test method provides an alternative to Test Method
Rotating Apparatus
G32. In that method, cavitation is induced by vibrating a
submerged specimen at high frequency (20 kHz) with a 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
Manufacturing Drawings of the Apparatus
specified amplitude. In the present method, cavitation is
generated in a flowing system so that both the jet velocity and
3. Terminology
the downstream pressure (which causes the bubble collapse)
can be varied independently.
3.1 See Terminology G40 for definitions of terms relating to
cavitation erosion. For convenience, definitions of some im-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
portant terms used in this test method are reproduced below.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3.2 Definitions:
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.10 on Erosion by contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Solids and Liquids. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as G134 – 17. DOI: Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
10.1520/G0134-17R23. ADJG0134.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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4.1 Materials scientists and engineers are making increased use of statistical analyses in interpreting S-N  and ε-N  fatigue data. Statistical analysis applies when the given data can be reasonably assumed to be a random sample of (or representation of) some specific defined population or universe of material of interest (under specific test conditions), and it is desired either to characterize the material or to predict the performance of future random samples of the material (under similar test conditions), or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers only  S-N  and ε-N  relationships that may be reasonably approximated by a straight line (on appropriate coordinates) for a specific interval of stress or strain. It presents elementary procedures that presently reflect good practice in modeling and analysis. However, because the actual S-N  or ε-N  relationship is approximated by a straight line only within a specific interval of stress or strain, and because the actual fatigue life distribution is unknown, it is  not recommended  that (a) the S-N  or ε-N curve be extrapolated outside the interval of testing, or (b) the fatigue life at a specific stress or strain amplitude be estimated below approximately the fifth percentile (P ≃ 0.05). As alternative fatigue models and statistical analyses are continually being developed, later revisions of this guide may subsequently present analyses that permit more complete interpretation of  S-N  and ε-N  data.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off