ASTM E3072-22a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for Industrial Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology
Standard Terminology for Industrial Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is a repository for the terms, and their standardized definitions, as relates to the technical standards generated by Committee E62 on Industrial Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology. The meanings and explanations of the technical terms have been written for both the nonexpert and the expert user.
1.2 At a minimum, this terminology is updated annually (at a time corresponding to the publication of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards containing this terminology standard) to include editorially any terms approved in the committee’s technical standards.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3072 − 22a
Standard Terminology for
1
Industrial Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3072; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope anaerobic fermentation, n—fermentation processes con-
ducted in the absence of oxygen. (E2363)
1.1 This terminology is a repository for the terms, and their
standardized definitions, as relates to the technical standards
applied biology, n—the application of the theories and prin-
generated by Committee E62 on Industrial Biotechnology and
ciples of biology for practical purposes.
Synthetic Biology. The meanings and explanations of the
biocatalyst, n—enzyme, nucleic acid, or organism capable of
technical terms have been written for both the nonexpert and
accelerating a chemical reaction or conversion.
the expert user.
biochemical, n—chemical produced by biological systems.
1.2 At a minimum, this terminology is updated annually (at
a time corresponding to the publication of theAnnual Book of
bioeconomy, n—the segment of the economy driven by inno-
ASTM Standards containing this terminology standard) to
vation in agriculture and biotechnology.
include editorially any terms approved in the committee’s
DISCUSSION—Focused on sustainable production of goods and ser-
technical standards.
vices from renewable and waste feedstocks.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
bioprocess, n—a process requiring a biocatalyst.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
bioproduct, n—material or product derived from a biological
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- source or through a biological process.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
biorefining, v—processing systems using physical, biological
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
(for example, fermentation), chemical methods, or combina-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tions of these, by which biobased products are separated into
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
partially or fully purified fractions, which may be further
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
converted into new chemical entities.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
enzyme, n—protein-based molecule that is capable of catalyz-
ing a chemical reaction.
2. Referenced Documents
enzyme activity, n—Catalytic activity associated with
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
enzymatically-active protein.
E2363 Terminology Relating to ProcessAnalytical Technol-
DISCUSSION—Defined as the ability to convert a given amount of
ogy in the Pharmaceutical Industry substrate to product per unit time. Expressed as units (U) of enzyme
activity.
3. Terminology
exon, n—part of an open reading frame that encodes any part
of the final gene product.
aerobic fermentation, n—fermentation processes that require
the presence of oxygen. (E2363)
fermentation, n—the biochemical reaction process where
microorganisms in a nutrient medium convert a feedstock to
a product. (E2363)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E62 on
genetically engineered microorganism (GEM), n—a micro-
Industrial Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E62.91 on Terminology. organism where one or more sequences of DNA has been
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2022. Published August 2022. Originally
intentionally altered relative to the parent microorganism.
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as E3072–22. DOI:
10.1520/E3072–22A.
genome, n—the sum of all genetic material within an
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
organism, composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ribonucleic acid (RNA) arranged into sequences that direct
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. the expression and function of the proteins in the organism.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3072 − 22a
genome-edited organism, n—an organism containing a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3072 − 22 E3072 − 22a
Standard Terminology for
1
Industrial Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3072; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology is a repository for the terms, and their standardized definitions, as relates to the technical standards generated
by Committee E62 on Industrial Biotechnology. Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology. The meanings and explanations of the
technical terms have been written for both the nonexpert and the expert user.
1.2 At a minimum, this terminology is updated annually (at a time corresponding to the publication of the Annual Book of ASTM
Standards containing this terminology standard) to include editorially any terms approved in the committee’s technical standards.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E2363 Terminology Relating to Process Analytical Technology in the Pharmaceutical Industry
3. Terminology
aerobic fermentation, n—fermentation processes that require the presence of oxygen. (E2363)
anaerobic fermentation, n—fermentation processes conducted in the absence of oxygen. (E2363)
applied biology, n—the application of the theories and principles of biology for practical purposes.
biocatalyst, n—enzyme, nucleic acid, or organism capable of accelerating a chemical reaction or conversion.
biochemical, n—chemical produced by biological systems.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E62 on Industrial Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E62.91 on Terminology.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2022Aug. 15, 2022. Published August 2022. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 20192022 as E3072–19.–22.
DOI: 10.1520/E3072–22.10.1520/E3072–22A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3072 − 22a
bioeconomy, n—the segment of the economy driven by innovation in agriculture and biotechnology.
DISCUSSION—
Focused on sustainable production of goods and services from renewable and waste feedstocks.
bioprocess, n—a process requiring a biocatalyst.
bioproduct, n—material or product derived from a biological source or through a biological process.
biorefining, v—processing systems using physical, biological (for example, fermentation), chemical methods, or combinations
of these, by which biobased products are separated into partially or fully purified fractions, which may be further converted into
new chemical entities.
enzyme, n—protein-based molecule that is capable of catalyzing a chemical reaction.
enzyme activity, n—Catalytic activity associated with enzymatically-active protein.
DISCUSSION—
Defined as the ability to convert a given amount of substrate to product per unit time. Expressed as units (U) of enzyme activity.
exon, n—part of an open reading frame that encodes any part of the final gene product.
fermentation, n—the biochemical reaction process where microorganisms in a nutrient medium convert a feedstock to a
product. (E2363)
genetically engineered microorganism (GEM), n—a microorganism where one or more sequences of DNA has been
intentionally altered relative to the parent microorganism.
genome, n—the sum of all genetic material within an organism, composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucl
...
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