ASTM D460-91(2014)

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Soaps and Soap Products (Withdrawn 2023)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Soap and soap products are widely used. These test methods are suitable for setting specifications and performing quality control on soap and soap products.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of cake, powdered, flake, liquid, and paste soaps, and soap products.  
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Sampling    
Section  
General Requirements  
4  
Cake Soaps, Flake and Powdered Soap Products when Packed in Cans or Cartons  
5  
Flake and Powdered Soap Products when in Bulk  
6  
Liquid Soap  
7  
Paste Soap Products  
8  
Preparation of Samples  
9  
Test Methods for Chemical Analysis  
Safety Precautions  
10  
Purity of Reagents  
11  
Duplicate Tests  
12  
Moisture:  
Choice of Method  
13  
Method A—Matter Volatile at 105°C (Oven Method)  
14  
Method B—Distillation Method  
15 – 18  
Total Matter Insoluble in Alcohol  
19 and 20  
Free Alkali or Free Acid  
21  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
22  
Total Alkalinity of Matter Insoluble in Alcohol, Alkaline Salts  
23  
Combined Alkali, Total Anhydrous Soap  
24 and 25  
Combined Sodium and Potassium Oxides  
26 – 29  
Free Alkali and Potassium Carbonate in Potash Paste Soaps  
30 – 32  
Unsaponified plus Unsaponifiable Matter  
33 – 35  
Unsaponifiable Matter  
36 – 38  
Unsaponified Matter  
39  
Rosin (McNicoll Method)  
40 – 43  
Preparation of Total Fatty Matter, Fatty and Rosin Acids, and Unsaponified Matter  
44 and 45  
Titer Test  
46 and 47  
Acid Number of Fatty Acids  
48 and 49  
Iodine Number (Wijs Method)  
50 – 52  
Chlorides  
53 – 55  
Borax  
56 – 58  
Silica Present as Alkaline Silicates  
59 and 60  
Carbon Dioxide (Carbonates):  
Train-Absorption Method  
61 – 64  
Evolution-Volumetric Method  
65 – 68  
Phosphates  
69 – 76  
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate  
77 – 79  
Sulfates  
80 and 81  
Glycerine, Sugars, and Starch:  
Glycerine in the Absence of Sugars  
82 – 84  
Glycerine in the Presence of Sugars  
85 and 86  
Starch  
87 and 88  
Sugars  
89 and 90  
Volatile Hydrocarbons  
91 – 95  
Copper (Trace Amounts)  
96 – 102  
Precision and Bias  
103
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 10. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of cake, powdered, flake, liquid, and paste soaps, and soap products.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D12 on Soaps and Other Detergents, this test method was withdrawn in January 2023 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2013
• Withdrawal Date: 08-Jan-2023
• ICS: 71.100.40 - Surface active agents
• Technical Committee: D12 - Soaps and Other Detergents
• Drafting Committee: D12.12 - Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their Components

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D460 − 91 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Methods for
Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Soaps and Soap
1
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D460; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
These methods are identical in substance with the standard methods of the American Oil Chemists’ Society which were developed by
the Committee on Soap Analysis A-1 of that Society, and with those of the American Chemical Society.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
Acid Number of Fatty Acids 48 and 49
Iodine Number (Wijs Method) 50–52
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and chemical
Chlorides 53–55
analysis of cake, powdered, flake, liquid, and paste soaps, and Borax 56–58
Silica Present as Alkaline Silicates 59 and 60
soap products.
Carbon Dioxide (Carbonates):
Train-Absorption Method 61–64
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
Evolution-Volumetric Method 65–68
SAMPLING
Phosphates 69–76
Section
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate 77–79
General Requirements 4
Sulfates 80 and 81
Cake Soaps, Flake and Powdered Soap Products when
Glycerine, Sugars, and Starch:
Packed in Cans or Cartons 5
Glycerine in the Absence of Sugars 82–84
Flake and Powdered Soap Products when in Bulk 6
Glycerine in the Presence of Sugars 85 and 86
Liquid Soap 7
Starch 87 and 88
Paste Soap Products 8
Sugars 89 and 90
Preparation of Samples 9
Volatile Hydrocarbons 91–95
Test Methods for Chemical Analysis
Copper (Trace Amounts) 96 – 102
Safety Precautions 10
Precision and Bias 103
Purity of Reagents 11
1.3 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
Duplicate Tests 12
Moisture:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Choice of Method 13
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Method A—Matter Volatile at 105°C (Oven Method) 14
and are not considered standard.
Method B—Distillation Method 15–18
Total Matter Insoluble in Alcohol 19 and 20
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Free Alkali or Free Acid 21
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Matter Insoluble in Water 22
Total Alkalinity of Matter Insoluble in Alcohol, Alkaline Salts 23
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Combined Alkali, Total Anhydrous Soap 24 and 25
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Combined Sodium and Potassium Oxides 26–29
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
Free Alkali and Potassium Carbonate in Potash Paste
Soaps 30–32
statements, see Section 10. Material Safety Data Sheets are
Unsaponified plus Unsaponifiable Matter 33–35
available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards
Unsaponifiable Matter 36–38
Unsaponified Matter 39 prior to usage.
Rosin (McNicoll Method) 40–43
Preparation of Total Fatty Matter, Fatty and Rosin Acids,
2. Referenced Documents
and Unsaponified Matter 44 and 45
2
Titer Test 46 and 47
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D216Method for Distillation of Natural Gasoline
D459Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on D1193Specification for Reagent Water
Soaps and Other Detergents and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D12.12 on Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their
2
Components. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published February 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D460–91(2005). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D0460-91R14. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D460 − 91 (2014)
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers kg), the percentage of packages sampled shall be reduced so
that the amount drawn shall not exceed 20 lb. The inspector
3. Significance and Use shall rapidly mix the gross sample and place it in an airtight
container, which shall be filled, sealed, marked, accurately
3.1 Soap and soap products are widely used. These test
weighed, its weight and the date of weighing recorded on the
methods are suitable for setting specifications and performing
package, and sent to the laboratory for test. Samples shall be
quality control on soap and soap products.
...