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ASTM D5968-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 121°C

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 121°C

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to test diesel engine lubricants to determine their tendency to corrode various metals, specifically alloys of lead and copper commonly used in cam followers and bearings. Correlation with field experience has been established.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 5.3.1, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 6.11, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 7.1.5, and 7.4.1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2001
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.02 - Heavy Duty Engine Oils
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5968-00a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 121°C
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D5968-04 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 121°C
Effective Date
01-May-2004

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ASTM D5968-01 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 121°CASTM D5968-01 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 121°C
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ASTM D5968-01 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 121°C
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 5968 – 01
Standard Test Method for
1
Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 121°C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5968; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The method described in this test method is based on the gas turbine lubricant corrosion and
oxidation test described in Federal Test Method Standard 791, Method 5308. Because this test method
relates to corrosion in diesel engines rather than in gas turbines, temperatures, metal coupons, and
certain parts of the test procedure were modified to be more appropriate for heavy duty diesel engines.
The method described in this test method can be used by any properly equipped laboratory, without
2
outside assistance. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and
an assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (see Annex A1). By these
means, the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar
to those obtained by other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize
the TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army
imposes such a requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of Information Letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the method (see Annex A1). For other
3
information, refer to the research report on the Cummins Bench Corrosion Test.
1. Scope 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method is used to test diesel engine lubricants
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to determine their tendency to corrode various metals, specifi-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cally alloys of lead and copper commonly used in cam
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
followers and bearings. Correlation with field experience has
4
statements are given in 5.3.1, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 6.11,
been established.
7.1.1, 7.1.2, 7.1.5, and 7.4.1.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be
regarded as the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from
1 5
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D 4636 Test Method for Corrosiveness and Oxidation Sta-
D02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.
bility of Hydraulic Oils, Aircraft Turbine Engine Lubri-
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2001. Published January 2002. Originally
6
cants, and Other Highly Refined Oils
published as D 5968 – 98. Last previous edition D 5968 – 00a.
2
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489,
D 5185 Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals,
Telephone: (412) 365-1000, Fax: (412) 365-1045 (reference oil test telephone
and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determi-
reports), Fax: (412) 365-1047 (other messages), Telephone Oil Assignments: (412)
nation of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively
365-1004.
3
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request RR:D02-1322. The Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-
6
research report and this test method are supplemented by Information Letters and
AES)
Memoranda issued by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center. This edition incorporates
revisions contained in all information letters through No. 01–1. Users of this test
method shall contact the ASTM Test Monitoring Center to obtain the most recent of
these.
4 5
Wang, J. C., and Cusano, C. M., “Development of A Bench Test to Detect Oils Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
6
Corrosive to Engine Components,” SAE Technical Paper No. 940790, 1994. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D5968–01
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Inter-Laboratory Study
...

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5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
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1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to 165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene trimer and tetramer, butene dimer, and mixed nonenes, octenes, and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal alpha-olefins.  
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5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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5.3 Procedures A, B, C, and D of this test method describe how to measure apparent viscosity directly without the errors associated with earlier techniques that extrapolated experimental viscometric data obtained at higher temperatures.
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1.4.2 The viscosity data used for Procedure D precision study was from 6400 mPa·s to 256 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –26 °C and –40 °C.  
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5.1 This test simulates a type of severe field service in which corrosion-promoting moisture in the form of condensed water vapor accumulates in the axle assembly. This may happen as a result of volume expansion and contraction of the axle lubricant and the accompanied breathing in of moisture-laden air through the axle vent. The test screens lubricants for their ability to prevent the expected corrosion.  
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5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
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5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
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1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
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