ASTM D3623-78a(1998)
(Test Method)Standard Method for Testing Antifouling Panels in Shallow Submergence
Standard Method for Testing Antifouling Panels in Shallow Submergence
SCOPE
1.1 This method covers a procedure for testing antifouling compositions in shallow marine environments and a standard antifouling panel of known performance to serve as a control in antifouling studies. Note-Subcommittee D01.45 has a revised rating procedure now being evaluated by round robin.
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Designation: D 3623 – 78a (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Test Method for Testing
Antifouling Panels in Shallow Submergence
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 shallow submergence—an immersion to depths be-
tween 1 and 10 ft (0.3 and 3.0 m).
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for testing antifoul-
3.2 Abbreviations:Abbreviations:
ing compositions in shallow marine environments and a
3.2.1 The following abbreviations are used in reporting test
standard antifouling panel of known performance to serve as a
results:
control in antifouling studies.
Al algae
NOTE 1—Subcommittee D01.45 has a revised rating procedure now
Barn barnacles
being evaluated by round robin.
E.B. encrusting bryozoans
Hyd hydroids
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Sl slime
Tun tunicates
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C.F. completely fouled
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
F.R. fouling resistance rating
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
A.F. antifouling rating
A.C. anticorrosive rating
tion of regulatory limitations prior to use.
O.P. overall performance rating
CO coelenterates
2. Referenced Documents
F.B. filamentous bryozoans
2.1 ASTM Standards: Mol molluscs
PC polychaetes
A 569/A569M Specification for Steel, Carbon (0.15 Maxi-
mum Percent), Hot-Rolled, Sheet and Strip, Commercial
3.2.2 Algal Mups may be delineated by classification nota-
Steel tion by phyllum as follows:
D 2200 Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards for Painting
Al-b Phaeophyta (brown)
Al-bg Cyanophyta (blue-green)
Steel Surfaces
Al-g Chlorophyta (green)
2.2 U.S. Military Specifications (See also Annex A1):
Al-r Rhodophyta (red)
MIL-P-15328D Primer Pretreatment (Formula 117 for Met-
4. Significance and Use
als)
MIL-P-15929C Primer Coating, Shipboard, Vinyl-Red Lead
4.1 This method is designed as a screening test in evaluating
(Formula 119—For Hot Spray)
antifouling coating systems. Results of the standard system in
MIL-P-15931B Paint, Antifouling, Vinyl, Red (Formula
a specific marine environment are included to assist in inter-
121/63)
preting results (see Annex A2).
MIL-S-22698A Steel Plate, Carbon, Structural
4.2 Antifouling systems providing positive comparisons
with the standard system should be considered acceptable for
3. Terminology
use in protecting underwater marine structures.
3.1 Definitions:
4.3 The degree and type of fouling will vary depending on
the environment. Hence, differences in geographic location of
test sites, in time of year when panels are exposed, and in
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
weather conditions from 1 year to the next can affect results.
Subcommittee D01.45 on Marine Coatings.
Therefore, a fouling census on a nontoxic surface is taken. For
Current edition approved Oct. 27, 1978. Published January 1979. Originally
the exposure to be valid the nontoxic surface should show
published as D 3623 – 78. Last previous edition D 3623 – 78.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. heavy fouling, and the standard system should show signifi-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
cantly less fouling than the nontoxic surface (see Annex A3 and
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Annex A4).
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3623 – 78a (1998)
5. Apparatus 8. Procedure
5.1 Blast Cleaning Apparatus capable of preparing panels 8.1 Abrasive blast the required number of panels to near-
in compliance with 8.1.
white metal (Sa 2 ⁄2 of Method D 2200) to obtain a profile of
5.2 Application Equipment consisting of brush, roller, con- 1 to 1.5 mils (25 to 38 μm).
ventional spray, or airless spray. Usually the equipment is
NOTE 2—A profile of 1 to 1.5 mils (25 to 38 μm) can be obtained with
dictated by the physical properties of the coating and the film
the following parameters: (1) Type and size of grit, No. 46 (sand); (2)
thickness desired.
Pressure, 90 psi (620 kPa); (3) Angle, 90 deg; (4) Distance from surface,
5.3 Exposure Rack to provide firm positioning of the
3 to 5 in. (75 to 125 mm); (5) Nozzle size, ⁄8 in. (9 mm).
specimen panels such that they are held vertically in place in
8.2 On the clean, dry, uncontaminated, blasted surface apply
spite of the current and are electrically insulated from metallic
to each standard panel one coat of pretreatment coating
contact with the rack or other panels. The rack should be
MIL-P-15328D to give a nominal dry film thickness of ⁄2 mil
positioned such that the prevailing tidal currents will move
(13 μm).
parallel to the panel face, and the panels will be immersed to a
depth of a minimum of 1 ft (0.3 m) and a maximum of 10 ft (3 NOTE 3—All coating drying times are for a minimum temperature of
21°C and a maximum relative humidity of 70 %.
m). In a rack where the panels are stacked front to back, they
should be spaced at least 2 ⁄2in. (60 mm) apart, with the two
8.3 Within 24 h of application of the pretreatment coating
end positions filled with blank panels. In a rack where the
apply the first coat of red lead vinyl primer MIL-P-15929C.
panels are mounted side by side, the distance between adjacent
Apply a total of four coats of red lead vinyl primer to give a
panels should be a minimum ⁄2 in. (1.5 mm).
nominal dry film thickness of 6 mils (150 μm). Allow a
minimum of 2 h and a maximum of 24 h drying between coats
6. Materials
of red lead vinyl primer.
6.1 Test Panel—The substrate for the standard antifouling
8.4 Allowing a minimum of 2 h and a maximum of 24 h
coating system shall be medium low-carbon steel plate per
drying after the last coat of red lead vinyl primer, apply the first
Specification A 569, ⁄8 in. thick by 6 to 10 by 10 to 12 in. (3
coat of vinyl antifouling coating MIL-P-15931B to the stan-
mm thick by 150 to 250 mm by 250 to 300 mm) with a
dard panels, and the test coating to the test panels. A ⁄4-in.
2 2
minimum area per side of 72 in. (465 cm ). A ⁄4-in. (6-mm)
(19-mm) numbered vinyl tape can be applied before the second
diameter hole, ⁄2to 1 in. from the top and centered shall be
coat of antifouling coating for identification. Allowing a
drilled for holding the panel while handling and painting. The
minimum of 2 h and a maximum of 24 h drying after the first
test coating system shall be applied to that substrate for which
coat, apply a second coat of the respective antifouling coating
it is designed provided there is a minimum area per side of 72
to give a nominal dry film thickness for both antifouling coats
2 2
in. (466 cm ).
of 4 mils (100 μm).
6.2 Standard Coating System—The standard antifouling
8.5 Before immersion permit the second coat of antifouling
coating system shall consist of:
coating to dry a minimum of 4 h and a maximum of 2 weeks,
6.2.1 Green pretreatment coating conforming to U.S. Mili-
the latter time allowing for shipping the panels to the immer-
tary Specification MIL-P-15328B (Formula 117), B revision
sion site.
only.
8.6 Expose for a minimum period of 1 year at an immersion
6.2.2 Vinyl red lead primer conforming to U.S. Military
site with a high incidence of fouling as indicated by attach-
Specification MIL-P-15929C (Formula 119), C revision only.
ments on a dark nontoxic surface such as slate. A monthly
6.2.3 Vinyl antifouling coating conforming to U.S. Military
fouling census as well as a yearly accumulation when appro-
Specification MIL-P-15931B (Formula 121/63), B revision
priate is required.
only.
8.7 Evaluate the antifouling panels for surface fouling and
6.3 Test Coating System—The test antifouling coating may
physical condition of the film system at least monthly as
be applied to the standard primer system, or to any other
follows using the report form in Table 1.
suitable anticorrosive primer system.
8.7.1 Fouling on Surfaces—Rate fouling present on that
portion of the antifouling test surface which is intact at the time
7. Safety Precautions
of inspection (see 9.1). Rate both sides of the panel if
7.1 Caution—Antifouling paints contain toxic materials
appropriate. Ignore fouling present on the substrate or on
that could cause skin and eye irritation on contact and adverse
anticorrosive undercoats. Barnacles, polychaetes, coelenter-
physiological effects if ingested or inhaled. In the preparation
ates, etc., that are immature or loosely attached should be so
of panels and the application of various types of antifouling
reported in the appropriate space. Report fouling by initial
paints the use of appropriate protective clothing and equipment
algal germination, low-form algae and diatoms as “algal
is required consistent with local, state, and federal government
slime.” Report absorbed organic and inorganic chemicals,
regulations, and recognized industrial and technical standards.
trapped silt and detritus, and other unidentified slimes as “silt.”
Spills, overspray, and unused material should not be flushed
8.7.2 Physical Condition—Rate the condition of coating
down the drain, but should be disposed of as hazardous waste.
films in accordance with 9.2. Record qualitative descriptions of
film deterioration and discoloration in this column, and unless
otherwise specified, refer only to the antifouling test surface.
See also U.S. Military Specification MIL-S-22698, Type 1, Class A. Indicate deterioration of undercoats, when evident, by the
D 3623 – 78a (1998)
TABLE 1 Behavior Report of Experimental Surfaces
Origin: Place of Immersion:
Series: Depth of Immersion:
Base: Date Immersed:
Size: Date Inspected:
Inspected by:
Test Surface No. Percent Ratings
A
Fouling on Surfaces Physical Condition
F.R. A.F. A.C. O.P.
Barn:
E.B.:
Others:
Barn:
E.B.:
Others:
Barn:
E.B.:
Others:
Barn:
E.B.:
Others:
Barn:
E.B.:
Others:
Barn:
E.B.:
Others:
Barn:
E.B.:
Others:
A
Fouling reported as found on the more heavily fouled surface. Solitary forms reported numerically; colonial forms by percent surface covered, Al: algae; Barn: barnacles;
E.B.: encrusting bryozoans; Hyd: hydroids; Tun: tunicates; C.F.: completely fouled; CO: coelenterates; F.B.: filamentous bryozoans; Mol: molluscs; PC: polychaetes.
notation “A.C.”. For example, “Peeling, A.F. from A.C.” or 10. Report
“Chipping, A.C. from steel”.
10.1 Report the results of the immersion test in terms of
fouling resistance and overall performance for both the mate-
9. Calculations:
rial under test and the standard system.
9.1 Fouling Resistance (F.R.)—Award each test surface free
10.2 Other Data—Report the place, depth, and date of
of fouling except for the presence of algal spores and other
immersion, whether mounted from a dock or a floating raft,
biological slimes a rating of 100. Reduce the rating to 95 if
date the panels were removed and inspected, panel size, and
only incipient fouling is present. If mature forms of fouling are
panel identification number. A census of fouling on a nontoxic
present, obtain the rating by subtracting from 95 the sum of the
surface taken each month for the period of exposure must be
number of individuals present and percent surface covered by
included in the report.
colonial forms. For example, if the“ fouling on surface” is:
Barn 6, 3 to 10 mm
11. Precision
E.B. None
11.1 The precision statements are based on an interlabora-
Others Mol 1,20 mm
Al-g (green) 10 %
tory study in which seven laboratories prepared pairs of panels
coated with the standard antifouling system, submerged them,
then the F.R. percent rating would be 95 − (6+1+10)=78.
and after 1 year rated the fouling. The within-laboratory
9.2 Physical Condition:
standard deviation was found to be 2.08. The between-
9.2.1 Antifouling Film (A.F.)—Award an antifouling test
laboratory standard deviation was found to be 4.67. Based on
surface having no physical defects a rating of 100. Subtract the
these standard deviations, the following criteria should be used
percent surface affected by film defects from 100 to obtain the
to judge the acceptability of results at the 95 % confidence
rating for imperfect films.
level:
9.2.2 Anticorrosive Film (A.C.)—Obtain the rating by the
11.1.1 Repeatability—Two results each the mean of dupli-
same procedure as 9.2.1.
cates obtained by the same operator should be considered
9.3 Overall Performance (O.P.)—For overall performance,
suspect if they differ by more than seven units.
award the panel the lowest percent rating of the three preceding
11.1.2 Reproducibility—Two results each the mean of du-
values.
plicates obtained by operators in different laboratories should
9.4 Normalization—The rating system described above is
2 2
be considered suspect if they differ by more than 16 units.
based on a minimum test on one side area of 72 in. (465 cm ).
Correct the percent ratings for test surfaces of nonstandard
12. Keywords
dimensions for the difference between the minimum standard
2 2
panel area of 72 in. (465 cm ) and the area on one side of the 12.1 antifouling; antifouling coatings; fouling; immersion;
test specimen. performance; static
D 3623 – 78a (1998)
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. STANDARD COATING SYSTEM FORMULAS
TABLE A1.1 Green Pretreatment Coating, MIL-P-15328D (Formula 117)
Pounds per 100 gal Gallons per 100 gal
of Mixed Material of Mixed Material
Ingredients of resin component (80 gal):
A
Polyvinyl-butyral resin 56 6.10
B
Zinc chromate (insoluble type) 54 1.78
Magnesium-silicate (Type A or B of Specification MIL-M-15173) 8 0.34
Lampblack (Specification TT-L-70) 0.6 0.04
Butyl alcohol, normal (Spec. TT-B-846) 125 18.48
C
Isopropyl alcohol, 99 % 353 53.80
Water 15 1.80
Ingredients of acid component (20 gal):
Phosphoric acid (Class A of Spec. O-P-313) 28 2.0
Water 25 3.0
C
Isopropyl alcohol, 99 % 99 15.0
A
The resin shall be a polyvinyl partial butyral resin containing only poly(vinyl butyral), poly(vinyl alcohol), and poly(vinyl acetate) in the molecule. The resin shall contain
18.0 to 20.0 % vinyl alcohol, and not more than 1.0 % of vinyl acetate. A 6 % solution of the resin in methanol shall have a viscosity of 12 to 18 cP at 20°C. The specific
gravity of the resin shall be 1.05 to 1.15.
B
The zinc chromate shall be of an i
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