ASTM C830-00(2006)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Refractory Shapes by Vacuum Pressure
Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Refractory Shapes by Vacuum Pressure
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the following properties of refractory shapes:
1.1.1 Apparent porosity,
1.1.2 Liquid absorption,
1.1.3 Apparent specific gravity, and
1.1.4 Bulk density.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to all refractory shapes except those that chemically react with both water and mineral spirits. When testing a material capable of hydration or other chemical reaction with water but which does not chemically react with mineral spirits, mineral spirits is substituted for water and appropriate corrections for the density differences are applied when making calculations.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Test Methods C 20 cover procedures for testing properties of refractories that are not attacked by water.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: C 830 – 00 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Test Methods for
Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorption, Apparent Specific
Gravity, and Bulk Density of Refractory Shapes by Vacuum
Pressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 830; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating
Firebrick
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
following properties of refractory shapes:
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1.1 Apparent porosity,
1.1.2 Liquid absorption,
3. Significance and Use
1.1.3 Apparent specific gravity, and
3.1 Apparent porosity, water absorption, apparent specific
1.1.4 Bulk density.
gravity, and bulk density are primary properties of refractory
1.2 These test methods are applicable to all refractory
shapes. These properties are widely used in the evaluation and
shapes except those that chemically react with both water and
comparison of product quality and as part of the criteria for
mineralspirits.Whentestingamaterialcapableofhydrationor
selection and use of refractory products in a variety of
other chemical reaction with water but which does not chemi-
industrial applications. These test methods are used for deter-
callyreactwithmineralspirits,mineralspiritsissubstitutedfor
mininganyorallofthesepropertiesandareparticularlyuseful
water and appropriate corrections for the density differences
for testing hydratable products.
are applied when making calculations.
3.2 These test methods are primary standard methods that
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
are suitable for use in quality control, research and develop-
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided
ment, establishing criteria for and evaluating compliance with
for information only.
specifications, and providing data for design purposes.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3 Fundamentalassumptionsinherentinthesetestmethods
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
are:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.3.1 The test specimens conform to the requirements for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
size, configuration, and original faces,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.3.2 Theopenporesofthetestspecimensarefullyimpreg-
NOTE 1—Test MethodsC20 cover procedures for testing properties of
nated with liquid during the vacuum-pressure treatment, and
refractories that are not attacked by water.
3.3.3 The blotting of the saturated test specimens is per-
formed as specified in a consistent and uniform manner to
2. Referenced Documents
avoid withdrawing liquid from the pores.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.3.4 Deviation from any of these assumptions adversely
C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorp-
affects the test results.
tion, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of
3.4 Inlaboratorystudiesinvolvingcastablespecimen,abias
Burned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
was noted between formed2X2X 2–in (50 X 50 X 50–mm)
C134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements,
and specimens quartered from larger 9 X 4.5 X 2.5–in (228 X
114 X 64–mm) cast specimens. Additionally, an error in the
apparent porosity determination was found on castables when-
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
ever the specimens were heated to 1500°F (816°C) and then
Refractories and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
exposed to water as a saturation media. The error was
Properties.
attributed to reactivity of cement with water and subsequent
Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originally
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C830–00.
re-hydration of cement phases. The higher the cement level of
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the castable, the greater the error noted. It was concluded that
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
an error in porosity values could occur for refractory materials
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. having a potential to form hydrated species with water.Testing
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 830 – 00 (2006)
under the same conditions in kerosene produced results that have been determined as described in 5.3 and 5.4. Use this
were believed to be more accurate, but the data suggested that second dry weight in all appropriate calculations.
the kerosene might not have saturated the open pores of cast 5.2 Saturation—Place the test specimens in a suitable
specimen as readily as water. Supporting data were filed at vacuum-pressure vessel (Note 2) which shall be closed, se-
ASTM headquarters and can be obtained by requesting re- cured, and pumped down to an absolute pressure of not more
search report 1014. than 1.9 in. Hg (6.4 kPa). Hold this pressure for 30 min.Allow
3.5 Certain precautions must be exercised in interpreting the water or mineral spirits (see 1.2) to enter the vessel while
and using results from these test methods. All four property maintaining the vacuum for 5 min.Then close the vacuum line
values are interrelated by at least two of the three base data and pressurize the vessel by means of compressed air or a
valuesgeneratedduringtesting.Thus,anerrorinanybasedata pressure pump. Maintain this pressure at 30 psi (207 kPa) or
valuewillcauseanerrorinatleastthreeofthepropertyvalues more for 60 min. Then release the pressure; the saturated
for a given test specimen. Certain of the properties, that is, specimens are now ready for weighing.
apparent specific gravity and bulk density, are functions of
NOTE 2—The vacuum-pressure vessel should be capable of withstand-
other factors such as product composition, compositional
ing an absolute pressure of 1.0 in. Hg (3.4 kPa) or a pressure of 65 to 70
variability within the same product, impervious porosity, and
psi(448to483kPa)withoutdeformingorrupturing.Itshouldbeprovided
total porosity. Generalizations on or comparisons of property
with gages or manometers for indicating vacuum or pressure and a relief
valve, as well as vacuum, pressure, and liquid lines. The liquid may be
valuesshouldbejudiciouslymadebetweenlikeproductstested
introducedatthebottom,inwhichcaseadual-actingvalvewillsufficefor
by these test methods or with full recognition of potentially
both filling and draining the vessel.
inherent differences between the products being compared or
the test method used. 5.3 Determination of Suspended Weight, S:
5.3.1 Determine the weight, S, of each test specimen in
3.6 When a liquid other than water is used, such as types of
kerosene or mineral spirits, specific gravity must be known by gramstothenearest0.1gaftersaturationandwhilesuspended
in liquid.
either determination or monitoring on a controlled basis.
Specific gravity will change due to different grades of liquids, 5.3.2 This weighing is usually accomplished by suspending
the specimen in a loop or halter ofAWG Gage-22 (0.643-mm)
evaporation, or contamination with dirt or foreign material.
The test should not be run if the liquid becomes dirty, foamy, copper wire hung from one arm of the balance. The balance
shallbepreviouslycounter-balancedwiththewireinplaceand
orchangescolor,becauseforeignparticlescanblockporesand
prevent impregnation of the sample. immersed in liquid to the same depth as is used when the
refractory specimens are in place.
4. Test Specimens
5.4 Determination of Saturated Weight, W—Afterdetermin-
4.1 When testing 9-in. (228-mm) straight brick, use a ing the suspended weight, blot each specimen lightly with a
quarter-brick specimen obtained by halving the brick along a
moistened smooth linen or cotton cloth to remove all drops of
plane parallel to the 9 by 2 ⁄2 or 3-in. (228 by 64 or 76-mm) liquidfromthesurface,anddeterminethesaturatedweight, W,
1 1
face and along a plane parallel to the 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 or 3-in. (114
in grams to the nearest 0.1 g by weighing in air. Perform the
by 64 or 76-mm) face. Four of the surfaces of the resultant blotting operation by rolling the specimen lightly on the wet
quarter-brick specimen include part of the original molded cloth, which has previously been saturated with liquid, and
faces. thenpressonlyenoughtoremovesuchliquidaswilldripfrom
4.2 When testing other refractory shapes, cut drill, or break the cloth. Excessive blotting will induce error by withdrawing
fromeachshapeaspecimenhavingavolumeofapproximately liquid from the pores of the specimen.
3 3
25 to 30 in. (410 to 490 cm ). The specimen shall include 5.5 Determination of Exterior Volume, V—Obtain the vol-
interior and exterior portions of the shape. ume, V, of the test specimens in cubic centimetres by subtract-
4.3 Remove all loosely adhering particles from each speci- ing the suspended weight from the saturated weight, both in
men.
grams, as follows:
V,cm 5 W 2 S
5. Procedures
5.1 Determination of Dry Weight, D:
(1)
5.1.1 Dry the test specimens to constant weight by heating
NOTE 3—This assumes that 1 cm of water weighs 1 g. This is true
to 220 to 230°F (105 to 110°C) and determine the dry weight,
within about 3 parts in 1000 for water at room temperature.
D, in grams to the nearest 0.1 g.
NOTE 4—When substituting mineral spirits for water, make the follow-
5.1.2 The drying procedure may be omitted only when the
ing correction:
test specimens are known to be dry, as may be the case with
V,cm 5 ~W 2 S!/densityofliquid
samples taken directly from kilns.
5.1.3 The drying of the specimens to constant weight an
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