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ASTM C1099-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Carbon-Containing Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures

Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Carbon-Containing Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The modulus of rupture of carbon-containing refractories at elevated temperatures has become accepted as a useful measurement in quality control testing and in research and development. These measurements are also used to determine the suitability of particular products for various applications and to develop specifications. The sample may undergo some oxidation during the test.
In 1988, ruggedness testing was conducted on this test procedure. The following variables were studied:
3.2.1 Testing temperature (2525 (1385) versus 2575°F (1413°C)),
3.2.2 Air atmosphere versus argon atmosphere in the furnace,
3.2.3 Hold time prior to breaking the sample (12 versus 18 min), and
3.2.4 Loading rate on the sample (175 (778) versus 350 lb/min (1556 N/min)).
Resin bonded magnesia-carbon brick containing approximately 17 % carbon after coking where tested in two separate ruggedness tests. Metal-free brick were tested in the first ruggedness test, while aluminum-containing brick were tested in the second. Results were analyzed at a 95 % confidence level.
For the metal-free brick, the presence of an argon atmosphere and hold time had statistically significant effects on the modulus of rupture at 2550°F (1400°C). The argon atmosphere yielded a lower modulus of rupture. The samples tested in air had a well-sintered decarburized zone on the exterior surfaces, possibly explaining the higher moduli of rupture. The longer hold time caused a lower result for the metal-free brick.
For the aluminum-containing brick, testing temperature, the presence of an argon atmosphere, and loading rate had statistically significant effects on the modulus of rupture at 2550°F (1400°C). The higher testing temperature increased the measured result, the presence of an argon atmosphere lowered the result, and the higher loading rate increased the result.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modulus of rupture of carbon-containing refractories at elevated temperatures in air.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units and degrees Fahrenheit are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 5.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2007
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.01 - Strength
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1099-92(2002) - Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Carbon-Containing Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Replaced By
ASTM C1099-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Carbon-Containing Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
Effective Date
01-Oct-2012
Referred By
ASTM C1190-18(2022) - Standard Practice for Location of Test Specimens from Magnesia-Carbon and Impregnated Burned Basic Brick
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007

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ASTM C1099-07 - Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Carbon-Containing Refractory Materials at Elevated TemperaturesASTM C1099-07 - Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Carbon-Containing Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
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ASTM C1099-07 - Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Carbon-Containing Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1099 − 07
StandardTest Method for
Modulus of Rupture of Carbon-Containing Refractory
1
Materials at Elevated Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1099; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and to develop specifications. The sample may undergo some
oxidation during the test.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modu-
lus of rupture of carbon-containing refractories at elevated 3.2 In 1988, ruggedness testing was conducted on this test
temperatures in air. procedure. The following variables were studied:
3.2.1 Testing temperature (2525 (1385) versus 2575°F
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units and degrees
(1413°C)),
Fahrenheit are to be regarded as standard. The values given in
3.2.2 Air atmosphere versus argon atmosphere in the
parentheses are for information only.
furnace,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.3 Hold time prior to breaking the sample (12 versus 18
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
min), and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.4 Loading rate on the sample (175 (778) versus 350
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
lb/min (1556 N/min)).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
3.3 Resin bonded magnesia-carbon brick containing ap-
statements, see Section 5.
proximately 17 % carbon after coking where tested in two
2. Referenced Documents separate ruggedness tests. Metal-free brick were tested in the
first ruggedness test, while aluminum-containing brick were
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tested in the second. Results were analyzed at a 95 % confi-
C583 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory
dence level.
Materials at Elevated Temperatures
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By 3.4 For the metal-free brick, the presence of an argon
atmosphereandholdtimehadstatisticallysignificanteffectson
Comparison Techniques
the modulus of rupture at 2550°F (1400°C). The argon atmo-
2.2 ISO Standard:
sphere yielded a lower modulus of rupture. The samples tested
ISO Recommendation 5013 Determination of the Hot
in air had a well-sintered decarburized zone on the exterior
Modulus of Rupture of Shaped and Unshaped Dense and
3
surfaces, possibly explaining the higher moduli of rupture.The
Insulating Refractory Products
longer hold time caused a lower result for the metal-free brick.
3. Significance and Use
3.5 For the aluminum-containing brick, testing temperature,
3.1 The modulus of rupture of carbon-containing refracto- the presence of an argon atmosphere, and loading rate had
ries at elevated temperatures has become accepted as a useful statistically significant effects on the modulus of rupture at
measurement in quality control testing and in research and 2550°F (1400°C).The higher testing temperature increased the
development. These measurements are also used to determine measured result, the presence of an argon atmosphere lowered
the suitability of particular products for various applications the result, and the higher loading rate increased the result.
4. Apparatus
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
4.1 Electrically-Heated Furnace—An electrically heated
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.
furnace should be used. The furnace will contain an air
Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally
atmosphere.
approved in 1992. Previous edition approved in 2002 as C1099 – 92 (2002). DOI:
10.1520/C1099-07.
4.2 Lower Bearing Edges, at least one pair, made from
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
volume-stable refractory material (Note 1) shall be installed in
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the furnace on 5-in. (127-mm) centers.
the ASTM website.
3
4.3 Thrust Column, containing the top bearing edge that is
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. made from the same volume-stable refractory material used for
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1099 − 07
thelowerbearingedges,shallextendoutsidethefurnacewhere 8. Procedure
means are provided for applying a load.
8.1 Preheat the furnace to the test temperature
...

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