ASTM E2223-13(2018)e1

Standard Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Steel Pressure Vessels Using Angle Beam Ultrasonics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide a procedure for locating, detecting and estimating the relevance of longitudinally oriented crack-like discontinuities which have been previously indicated by AE examination.  
5.2 This practice may be used for a pressure vessel that is situated in such a way as to limit access to the vessel's wall. Typical examples include tube trailers and gas tube railroad cars. Since the pressure vessels are stacked horizontally in a frame, with limited space between them, the circumferential location of a discontinuity may be a distance away from the search unit (several skip distances).  
5.3 This practice has been shown to be effective for cylinders between 9 in. (229 mm) and 24 in. (610 mm) in diameter and wall thicknesses between 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) to 1 in. (26 mm) with discontinuities that are oriented longitudinally in pressure vessel sidewall.  
5.4 To reliably detect discontinuities by the procedure in this practice, a significant part of the reflecting surface must be transverse to the beam direction.  
5.5 Evaluation of possible discontinuity in the end faces indicated by AE is not covered by this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a contact angle-beam shear wave ultrasonic technique to detect and locate the circumferential position of longitudinally oriented discontinuities and to compare the amplitude of the indication from such discontinuities to that of a specified reference notch. This practice does not address examination of the vessel ends. The basic principles of contact angle-beam examination can be found in Practice E587. Application to pipe and tubing, including the use of notches for standardization, is described in Practice E213.  
1.2 This practice is appropriate for the ultrasonic examination of cylindrical sections of gas-filled, seamless, steel pressure vessels such as those used for the storage and transportation of pressurized gasses. It is applicable to both isolated vessels and those in assemblies.  
1.3 The practice is intended to be used following an Acoustic Emission (AE) examination of stacked seamless gaseous pressure vessels (with limited surface scanning area) described in Test Method E1419.  
1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria. These are determined by the reference notch dimensions, which must be specified by the using parties.
Note 1: Background information relating to the technical requirements of this practice can be found in the references sited in Test Method E1419, Appendix X1.  
1.5 Dimensional values stated in inch-pound units are regarded as standard; SI equivalents, in parentheses may be approximate.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2018
• ICS: 19.100 - Non-destructive testing
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.06 - Ultrasonic Method

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: E2223 − 13 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Steel Pressure
Vessels Using Angle Beam Ultrasonics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2223; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Fig. 2 and subsection 9.3.5 were revised editorially in October 2018.
1. Scope* 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 Thispracticedescribesacontactangle-beamshearwave
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ultrasonic technique to detect and locate the circumferential
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
position of longitudinally oriented discontinuities and to com-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
pare the amplitude of the indication from such discontinuities
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
to that of a specified reference notch. This practice does not
address examination of the vessel ends. The basic principles of
2. Referenced Documents
contact angle-beam examination can be found in Practice
E587. Application to pipe and tubing, including the use of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
notches for standardization, is described in Practice E213. E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and
Tubing
1.2 This practice is appropriate for the ultrasonic examina-
E543 Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
tion of cylindrical sections of gas-filled, seamless, steel pres-
Testing
sure vessels such as those used for the storage and transporta-
E587 Practice for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Contact Testing
tion of pressurized gasses. It is applicable to both isolated
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
vessels and those in assemblies.
E1419 Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled,
1.3 The practice is intended to be used following an
Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
Acoustic Emission (AE) examination of stacked seamless
E2192 Guide for Planar Flaw Height Sizing by Ultrasonics
gaseous pressure vessels (with limited surface scanning area)
2.2 ASNT Documents:
described in Test Method E1419.
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A for Personnel Qualifi-
1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria.
cation and Certification
These are determined by the reference notch dimensions,
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
which must be specified by the using parties.
cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
NOTE 1—Background information relating to the technical require-
2.3 AIA Document:
ments of this practice can be found in the references sited in Test Method
E1419, Appendix X1.
NAS-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification
and Certification
1.5 Dimensional values stated in inch-pound units are re-
garded as standard; SI equivalents, in parentheses may be
3. Terminology
approximate.
3.1 Terminology relating to this practice for angle-beam
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
shear wave ultrasonic examination is defined in Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E1316.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
structive Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on the ASTM website.
Ultrasonic Method. AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2223 – 13. DOI: Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
10.1520/E2223-13R18E01. WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
ϵ1
E2223 − 13 (2018)
4. Summary of Methodology 6.3 Extent of Examination
6.3.1 The extent of the examination shall be in accordance
4.1 An ultrasonic pulse-echo contact angle-beam, shear
with the procedures in Sections 9 and 10 unless otherwise
wave technique with the beam directed circumferentially is
specified.
used to locate surface breaking discontinuities in the cylindri-
6.3.2 The reference notch dimensions shall be specified by
cal wall of a pressure vessel. The amplitude of the reflected
the regulatory authority, or stated in the contractual agreement,
signal from the discontinuity is compared to that of a known
or both.
reference notch. Scanning is performed in both clockwise and
counter clockwise directions to detect and confirm the position
6.4 Reporting Criteria
of the discontinuity identified in the AE examination report.
6.4.1 Reporting criteria for the examination results shall be
inaccordancewithSection 11unlessotherwisespecified.Since
5. Significance and Use
acceptance criteria are not specified in this standard, they shall
5.1 Thepurposeofthispracticeistoprovideaprocedurefor
be defined in accordance with Section 8 and by the regulatory
locating, detecting and estimating the relevance of longitudi-
authority or stated in the contractual agreement.
nally oriented crack-like discontinuities which have been
previously indicated by AE examination. 6.5 Reexamination of Repaired/Reworked Items
6.5.1 Reexamination of repaired/reworked items is not ad-
5.2 This practice may be used for a pressure vessel that is
dressedinthisstandardandifrequiredshallbespecifiedbythe
situated in such a way as to limit access to the vessel’s wall.
regulatory authority, or stated in the contractual agreement, or
Typical examples include tube trailers and gas tube railroad
both.
cars. Since the pressure vessels are stacked horizontally in a
frame, with limited space between them, the circumferential
7. Apparatus
location of a discontinuity may be a distance away from the
search unit (several skip distances).
7.1 Ultrasonicpulse-echoinstrumentationshallhaveamini-
5.3 This practice has been shown to be effective for cylin- mum capacity of examining at center frequencies from 2 ⁄4 to
ders between 9 in. (229 mm) and 24 in. (610 mm) in diameter 5 MHz. The instrument, search units and related equipment
and wall thicknesses between ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) to 1 in. (26 mm) shall be cable of displaying the peak amplitude of the indica-
with discontinuities that are oriented longitudinally in pressure tion from the reference notch in the standardization ring, as
vessel sidewall. describedinSection8,andlocatingitscircumferentialposition
over the full sweep range required for coverage of the vessel to
5.4 To reliably detect discontinuities by the procedure in
be examined.
this practice, a significant part of the reflecting surface must be
7.1.1 Each search unit used for this technique shall have the
transverse to the beam direction.
appropriate frequency and refracted angle for the material and
5.5 Evaluation of possible discontinuity in the end faces
geometry of the pressure vessel that is being examined. The
indicated by AE is not covered by this practice.
frequency and angle of the search unit is selected during
standardization and is related to diameter, wall thickness and
6. Basis of Application
the type of steel used for the vessel and corresponding
6.1 Personnel Qualification
standardization rings.
6.1.1 If specified in the contractual agreement, personnel
7.1.1.1 The angle and frequency of the search unit to be
performing examinations to this standard shall be qualified in
used shall be determined by using different search units on a
accordance with a nationally recognized NDT personnel quali-
standardization ring that represents the examination piece. A
fication practice or standard such as ANSI/ASNT-CP-189,
search unit which can satisfactorily detect and display the
SNT-TC-1A, NAS-410, or a similar document and certified by
indication from the notch in the standardization ring at the
the employer or certifying agency, as applicable. The standard
maximum distance to be used during the examination shall be
used and its applicable revision shall be specified by the
selected for setting up the Distance Amplitude Correction
regulatory authority, or stated in the contractual agreement, or
(DAC) curve for examination in accordance with 9.3.
both.
7.1.1.2 Select search units for evaluation from those having
6.1.2 Additional Personnel Training
frequencies 2 ⁄4 and 5 MHz with refracted angles of 45° to 75°
6.1.2.1 Personnel performing this type of examination shall
in steel, and in available commercial sizes. Those producing
have additional training in the following topics.
the required sensitivity and DAC response on the appropriate
6.1.3 Construction and manufacturing techniques for seam-
standardization ring are acceptable. These search units have
less steel pressure vessels.
generally been found satisfactory for the examination of the
6.1.4 Familiarity with the types of discontinuities that may
type of vessels specified in 5.3.
occur in these types of pressure vessels.
7.1.1.3 The search unit shall be comprised of a transducer
6.2 Qualification of Nondestructive Agencies
mountedonaplasticwedgethatisdesignedtohavecontinuous
6.2.1 If specified in the contractual agre
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E2223 − 13 E2223 − 13 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Steel Pressure
Vessels Using Angle Beam Ultrasonics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2223; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Fig. 2 and subsection 9.3.5 were revised editorially in October 2018.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice describes a contact angle-beam shear wave ultrasonic technique to detect and locate the circumferential
position of longitudinally oriented discontinuities and to compare the amplitude of the indication from such discontinuities to that
of a specified reference notch. This practice does not address examination of the vessel ends. The basic principles of contact
angle-beam examination can be found in Practice E587. Application to pipe and tubing, including the use of notches for
standardization, is described in Practice E213.
1.2 This practice is appropriate for the ultrasonic examination of cylindrical sections of gas-filled, seamless, steel pressure
vessels such as those used for the storage and transportation of pressurized gasses. It is applicable to both isolated vessels and those
in assemblies.
1.3 The practice is intended to be used following an Acoustic Emission (AE) examination of stacked seamless gaseous pressure
vessels (with limited surface scanning area) described in Test Method E1419.
1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria. These are determined by the reference notch dimensions, which must
be specified by the using parties.
NOTE 1—Background information relating to the technical requirements of this practice can be found in the references sited in Test Method E1419,
Appendix X1.
1.5 Dimensional values stated in inch-pound units are regarded as standard; SI equivalents, in parentheses may be approximate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and Tubing
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E587 Practice for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Contact Testing
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1419 Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
E2192 Guide for Planar Flaw Height Sizing by Ultrasonics
2.2 ASNT Documents:
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A for Personnel Qualification and Certification
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Ultrasonic
Method.
Current edition approved June 1, 2013Sept. 1, 2018. Published June 2013October 2018. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 as
E2223 - 12.E2223 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/E2223-13.10.1520/E2223-13R18E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
E2223 − 13 (2018)
2.3 AIA Document:
NAS-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
3. Terminology
3.1 Terminology relating to this practice for angle-beam shear wave ultrasonic examination is defined in Terminology E1316.
4. Summary of Methodology
4.1 An ultrasonic pulse-echo contact angle-beam, shear wave technique with the beam directed circumferentially is used to
locate surface breaking discontinuities in the cylindrical wall of a pressure vessel. The amplitude of the reflected signal from the
discontinuity is compared to that of a known reference notch. Scanning is performed in both clockwise and counter clockwise
directions to detect and confirm the position of the discontinuity identified in the AE examination report.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide a procedure for locating, detecting and estimating the relevance of longitudinally
oriented crack-like discontinuities which have been previously indicated by AE examination.
5.2 This practice may be used for a pressure vessel that is situated in such a way as to limit access to the vessel’s wall. Typical
examples include tube trailers and gas tube railroad cars. Since the pressure vessels are stacked horizontally in a frame, with limited
space between them, the circumferential location of a discontinuity may be a distance away from the search unit (several skip
distances).
5.3 This practice has been shown to be effective for cylinders between 9 in. (229 mm) and 24 in. (610 mm) in diameter and
wall thicknesses between ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) to 1 in. (26 mm) with discontinuities that are oriented longitudinally in pressure vessel
sidewall.
5.4 To reliably detect discontinuities by the procedure in this practice, a significant part of the reflecting surface must be
transverse to the beam direction.
5.5 Evaluation of possible discontinuity in the end faces indicated by AE is not covered by this practice.
6. Basis of Application
6.1 Personnel Qualification
6.1.1 If specified in the contractual agreement, personnel performing examinations to this standard shall be qualified in
accordance with a nationally recognized NDT personnel qualification practice or standard such as ANSI/ASNT-CP-189,
SNT-TC-1A, NAS-410, or a similar document and certified by the employer or certifying agency, as applicable. The standard used
and its applicable revision shall be specified by the regulatory authority, or stated in the contractual agreement, or both.
6.1.2 Additional Personnel Training
6.1.2.1 Personnel performing this type of examination shall have additional training in the following topics.
6.1.3 Construction and manufacturing techniques for seamless steel pressure vessels.
6.1.4 Familiarity with the types of discontinuities that may occur in these types of pressure vessels.
6.2 Qualification of Nondestructive Agencies
6.2.1 If specified in the contractual agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified and evaluated as described in the applicable
Sections 5 through 9 of Practice E543. The applicable edition shall be specified by the regulatory authority, or stated in the
contractual agreement, or both.
6.3 Extent of Examination
6.3.1 The extent of the examination shall be in accordance with the procedures in Sections 9 and 10 unless otherwise specified.
6.3.2 The reference notch dimensions shall be specified by the regulatory authority, or stated in the contractual agreement, or
both.
6.4 Reporting Criteria
6.4.1 Reporting criteria for the examination results shall be in accordance with Section 11 unless otherwise specified. Since
acceptance criteria are not specified in this standard, they shall be defined in accordance with Section 8 and by the regulatory
authority or stated in the contractual agreement.
6.5 Reexamination of Repaired/Reworked Items
6.5.1 Reexamination of repaired/reworked items is not addressed in this standard and if required shall be specified by the
regulatory authority, or stated in the contractual agreement, or both.
Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
´1
E2223 − 13 (2018)
7. Apparatus
7.1 Ultrasonic pulse-echo instrumentation shall have a minimum capacity of examining at center frequencies from 2 ⁄4 to 5
MHz. The instrument, search units and related equipment shall be cable of displaying the peak amplitude of the indication from
the reference notch in the standardization ring, as described in Section 8, and locating its circumferential position over the full
sweep range required for coverage of the vessel to be examined.
7.1.1 Each search unit used for this technique shall have the appropriate frequency and refracted angle for the material and
geometry of the pressure vessel that is being examined. The frequency and angle of the search unit is selected during
standardization and is related to diameter, wall thickness and the type of steel used for the vessel and corresponding standardization
rings.
7.1.1.1 The angle and frequency of the search unit to be used shall be determined by using different search units on a
standardization ring that represents the examination piece. A search unit which can satisfactorily detect and display the indication
from the notch in the standardization ring at the maximum distance to be used during the examination shall be selected for setting
up the Distance Amplitude Correction (DAC) curve for examination in accordance with 9.3.
7.1.1.2 Select search units for evaluation from those having frequencies 2 ⁄4 and 5 MHz with refracted angles of 45° to 75° in
steel, and in available commercial sizes. Those producing the required sensitivity and DAC response on the appropriate
standardiza
...