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ASTM C1136-17

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor Retarders for Thermal Insulation

Standard Specification for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor Retarders for Thermal Insulation

ABSTRACT
This specification covers vapor retarders for thermal insulation, specifically, flexible materials with permeance and surface burning characteristics. Vapor retarders are classified based on vapor retardance and strength properties: Types I, II, III, IV, V, and VI. The following test methods shall be performed: water vapor permeance; surface burning characteristics; tensile strength; dimensional stability; fungi resistance; thermal integrity of flexible water vapor retarders; burst strength of vapor retarders; permanence of flame retardancy; and elevated temperature and humidity resistance of vapor retarders for insulation.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
9.1 Entrapment of water in thermal insulation caused by condensation of water vapor that has penetrated into the insulation is detrimental to the thermal resistance of the insulation. For this reason, in certain installations where temperature and moisture conditions have the potential to create a vapor driving force toward the insulation, a deterrent to the passage of such vapor into the installed insulation needs to be provided. This is the primary function of the vapor retarder.  
9.2 In addition to the function stated in 9.1, a vapor retarder has the potential to provide physical protection and added strength to the insulation system.  
9.3 This specification is used to specify material by physical property requirements that address the above prerequisites. The designer of an insulation system, after determining the degree of protection needed for the insulation, can use this specification to specify the appropriate type of vapor retarder when one is required.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vapor retarders for thermal insulation, specifically, flexible materials with permeance of 0.10 perm or lower and surface burning characteristics of 25 flame spread/50 smoke or lower. These materials are intended for use at surface temperatures of −20 to 150°F (−29 to 66°C). It does not cover mastics or barrier coatings applied in liquid form, nor materials intended for use as weather barriers.  
1.2 This is a material specification and does not imply that an installed system using these materials will provide the physical properties specified in Section 6.  
1.3 This specification provides physical requirements for vapor retarders. Practice C755 provides assistance in solving problems related to moisture vapor transmission through thermal insulation materials.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-May-2017
ICS
91.100.60 - Thermal and sound insulating materials
Technical Committee
C16 - Thermal Insulation
Drafting Committee
C16.33 - Insulation Finishes and Moisture
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1136-16 - Standard Specification for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor Retarders for Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
15-May-2017
Referred By
ASTM C612-14(2019) - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Block and Board Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
15-May-2017
Referred By
ASTM C1393-19 - Standard Specification for Perpendicularly Oriented Mineral Fiber Roll and Sheet Thermal Insulation for Pipes and Tanks
Effective Date
15-May-2017
Referred By
ASTM C991-23 - Standard Specification for Flexible Fibrous Glass Insulation for Metal Buildings
Effective Date
15-May-2017
Referred By
ASTM C592-22a - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Insulation and Blanket-Type Pipe Insulation (Metal-Mesh Covered) (Industrial Type)
Effective Date
15-May-2017
Referred By
ASTM C1484-10(2018) - Standard Specification for Vacuum Insulation Panels
Effective Date
15-May-2017
Referred By
ASTM C1263-95(2021) - Standard Test Method for Thermal Integrity of Flexible Water Vapor Retarders
Effective Date
15-May-2017
Referred By
ASTM C1258-21a - Standard Test Method for Elevated Temperature and Humidity Resistance of Vapor Retarders for Insulation
Effective Date
15-May-2017
Referred By
ASTM C1290-16(2021) - Standard Specification for Flexible Fibrous Glass Blanket Insulation Used to Externally Insulate HVAC Ducts
Effective Date
15-May-2017
Referred By
ASTM F3319-20 - Standard Specification for Selection and Application of Field-Installed Cryogenic Pipe and Equipment Insulation Systems on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)-Fueled Ships
Effective Date
15-May-2017
Referred By
ASTM C553-13(2019) - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Commercial and Industrial Applications
Effective Date
15-May-2017
Referred By
ASTM C755-20 - Standard Practice for Selection of Water Vapor Retarders for Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
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ASTM C1423-21 - Standard Guide for Selecting Jacketing Materials for Thermal Insulation
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ASTM C1136-17 - Standard Specification for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor Retarders for Thermal InsulationASTM C1136-17 - Standard Specification for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor Retarders for Thermal Insulation
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REDLINE ASTM C1136-17 - Standard Specification for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor Retarders for Thermal InsulationREDLINE ASTM C1136-17 - Standard Specification for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor Retarders for Thermal Insulation
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1136 −17
Standard Specification for
Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor Retarders for Thermal
1
Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1136; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This specification covers vapor retarders for thermal
2.1 ASTM Standards:
insulation, specifically, flexible materials with permeance of
C168Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
0.10 perm or lower and surface burning characteristics of 25
C755Practice for Selection of Water Vapor Retarders for
flame spread/50 smoke or lower. These materials are intended
Thermal Insulation
for use at surface temperatures of−20 to 150°F (−29 to 66°C).
D774/D774MTest Method for Bursting Strength of Paper
3
It does not cover mastics or barrier coatings applied in liquid
(Withdrawn 2010)
form, nor materials intended for use as weather barriers.
C1258Test Method for ElevatedTemperature and Humidity
Resistance of Vapor Retarders for Insulation
1.2 This is a material specification and does not imply that
C1263Test Method for Thermal Integrity of Flexible Water
an installed system using these materials will provide the
Vapor Retarders
physical properties specified in Section 6.
C1338Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance of
1.3 This specification provides physical requirements for
Insulation Materials and Facings
vapor retarders. Practice C755 provides assistance in solving
D828Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and
problems related to moisture vapor transmission through ther-
PaperboardUsingConstant-Rate-of-ElongationApparatus
mal insulation materials.
D882Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
Sheeting
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
D1204Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Temperature
and are not considered standard.
D3285Test Method for Water Absorptiveness of Nonbibu-
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test
lous Paper and Paperboard (Cobb Test) (Withdrawn
methods portion only, Section 10, of this specification: This 3
2010)
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
E84Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
Building Materials
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
E96/E96MTest Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
Materials
tions prior to use.
2.2 TAPPI Standards:
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
T461Flame Resistance of Treated Paper and Paperboard
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3. Terminology
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 3.1 Definitions—Definitions in Terminology C168 apply to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. terms used in this specification.
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Insulation Finishes and Moisture. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 15, 2017. Published May 2017. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C1136–16. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/C1136-17. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1136−17
4. Classification 6.5 Alltypevaporretardersshallnotsustaingrowthoffungi
when tested in accordance with 10.5.
4.1 Classification of vapor retarders, with the exception of
Type IX, is based on physical properties. 6.6 All type vapor retarders shall not crack or delaminate at
4.1.1 Type IX, in addition to physical property temperatures from−20 to 150°F (−29 to 66°C) when tested in
requirements, has specific structural requirements. accordance with 10.6.
4.2 Physical prope
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1136 − 16 C1136 − 17
Standard Specification for
Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor Retarders for Thermal
1
Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1136; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers vapor retarders for thermal insulation, specifically, flexible materials with permeance of 0.10 perm
or lower and surface burning characteristics of 25 flame spread/50 smoke or lower. These materials are intended for use at surface
temperatures of −20 to 150°F (−29 to 66°C). It does not cover mastics or barrier coatings applied in liquid form, nor materials
intended for use as weather barriers.
1.2 This is a material specification and does not imply that an installed system using these materials will provide the physical
properties specified in Section 6.
1.3 This specification provides physical requirements for vapor retarders. Practice C755 provides assistance in solving problems
related to moisture vapor transmission through thermal insulation materials.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 10, of this specification:This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C755 Practice for Selection of Water Vapor Retarders for Thermal Insulation
3
D774/D774M Test Method for Bursting Strength of Paper (Withdrawn 2010)
C1258 Test Method for Elevated Temperature and Humidity Resistance of Vapor Retarders for Insulation
C1263 Test Method for Thermal Integrity of Flexible Water Vapor Retarders
C1338 Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance of Insulation Materials and Facings
D828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and Paperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-Elongation Apparatus
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
D1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
3
D3285 Test Method for Water Absorptiveness of Nonbibulous Paper and Paperboard (Cobb Test) (Withdrawn 2010)
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on Insulation Finishes
and Moisture.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016May 15, 2017. Published November 2016May 2017. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20122016 as
C1136 – 12.C1136 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/C1136-16.10.1520/C1136-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1136 − 17
2.2 TAPPI Standards:
T461 Flame Resistance of Treated Paper and Paperboard
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions in Terminology C168 apply to terms used in this specification.
4. Classification
4.1 Classification of vapor retarders, with the exception of Type IX, is based on ph
...

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Standard Specification for Flexible Aerogel Insulation

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the classification and performance of flexible aerogel thermal insulation. It indicates the mechanical, chemical, and property requirements of the flexible aerogel insulation, such as its thickness, density, and flexibility. It also lists the performance requirements for Types I, II, and III flexible aerogel insulation, and the acceptable dimensions and tolerances on flexible aerogel insulation sheets.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the classification and performance of flexible aerogel thermal insulation. This will cover the range of continuous exposure operating temperatures from –321°F (–196°C) up to 1200°F (649°C).  
1.2 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protective vapor retarders or barriers shall be used on below ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture through or around the insulation to the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor retarder or barrier could lead to insulation and system non-performance.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C656-17(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Structural Insulating Board, Calcium Silicate

ABSTRACT
This specification covers structural insulating board for general thermal insulating, fire-resistive, and marine bulkhead applications. The structural insulating boards shall be of the following types and grades: Types I and II and Grades 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; and 8. Calcium silicate structural insulating board shall be composed of hydrated calcium silicate with natural or man-made fibers or fillers, or a combination thereof. The following test methods shall be performed: dimensions and density; flexural strength; compressive strength; screw holding strength; apparent thermal conductivity; combustion characteristics; and maximum use temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural insulating board for general thermal insulating, fire-resistive, and marine bulkhead applications. The rigid, preformed structural insulating board is for use at temperatures up to 1700°F (927°C). For specific applications, the actual temperature limit shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 The structural insulating board maintains its structural integrity after immersion in water.  
1.3 Rapid cycling over a wide temperature range is not recommended because of potential damage due to thermal shock.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 When the installation or use of thermal insulation materials, accessories and systems, may pose safety or health problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user appropriate current information regarding any known problems associated with the recommended use of the company's products, and shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in their safe utilization. The user shall establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C165-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal Insulations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In providing Procedures A and B, it is recognized that different types of thermal insulation will exhibit significantly different behavior under compressive load. Data must usually be obtained from a complete load-deformation curve, and the useful working range normally corresponds to only a portion of the curve. The user is cautioned against use of the product in the range beyond which the product is permanently damaged or properties are adversely affected.  
4.2 Load-deformation curves provide useful data for research and development, quality control, specification acceptance or rejection, and for other special purposes. Standard loading rates shall not be used arbitrarily for all purposes; the effects of impact, creep, fatigue, and repeated cycling must be considered. All load-deformation data shall be reviewed carefully for applicability prior to acceptance for use in engineering designs differing widely in load, load application rate, and material dimensions involved.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determining the compressive resistance of thermal insulations.  
1.1.1 Procedure A covers thermal insulations having an approximate straight-line portion of a load-deformation curve, with or without an identifiable yield point as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Such behavior is typical of most rigid board or block-type insulations.
FIG. 1 Procedure A—Straight Line Portion with Definite Yield Point
FIG. 2 Procedure A—Straight Line Portion but no Definite Yield Point  
1.1.2 Procedure B covers thermal insulations that become increasingly more stiff as load is increased, as shown in Fig. 3. Such behavior is typical of fibrous batt and blanket insulations that have been compressed previously to at least the same deformation by compression packaging or mechanical softening.
FIG. 3 Procedure B—Increasing Stiffness  
1.2 It is recognized that the classification of materials under Procedures A and B shall not hold in all cases. For example, some batt or blanket materials that have not been compression packaged will exhibit behavior more typical of Procedure A for their first loadings. Also, some higher density fibrous insulation boards that have been precompressed will exhibit load-deformation curves more typical of Procedure B. There will also be thermal insulations with load-deformation curves that follow none of the three types shown here; that is, curves with no straight-line portion, curves with compaction areas, and curves that change from negative to positive slope.  
1.3 This test method does not cover reflective or loose fill insulations.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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