ASTM D2509-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating Grease (Timken Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating Grease (Timken Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test method is used widely for specification purposes and is used to differentiate between greases having low, medium, or high levels of extreme pressure characteristics. The results may not correlate with results from service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-carrying capacity of lubricating greases by means of the Timken Extreme Pressure Tester.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1, 7.2, and 9.4.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2509 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating
1
Grease (Timken Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2509; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* ing grease without failure of the sliding contact surfaces as
evidenced by seizure or welding.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The values of load carrying capacity of
carrying capacity of lubricating greases by means of the
a lubricating grease vary according to test method.
Timken Extreme Pressure Tester.
3.1.2 scoring, in tribology, n—a severe form of wear char-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
acterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratches
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
in the direction of sliding.
only.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Whenthelubricantfilmissubstantially
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
maintained, a smooth scar is obtained on the test block, but
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
when there is a breakdown of the lubricant film, scoring or
2
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
surfacefailureofthetestblocktakesplaceasshowninFig.1.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Initssimplestandrecognizedform,scoringischaracterizedby
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a wide scar on the test block and by the transfer of metal from
For specific warning statements, see 7.1, 7.2, and 9.4.
thetestblocktothecontactingsurfaceofthetestcup.Theform
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
of surface failure more usually encountered, however, consists
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
of a comparatively smooth scar, which shows local damage
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
that usually extends beyond the width of the scar. Scratches or
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
striationsthatoccurinanotherwisesmoothscarandthatdonot
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
extend beyond the width of the scar are not considered scoring
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
in this test method. The term scuffing is sometimes used as a
synonym for scoring.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.3 seizure or welding, n—localized fusion of rubbing
2.1 ASTM Standards:
metal, usually indicated by streaks of transferred metal, in-
G40Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
creased friction and wear, or unusual noise and vibration.
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3.1.4 wear, n—the removal of metal from a rubbing surface
Glossy Prints of Test Blocks Showing Various Types of
2 by mechanical action, or by a combination of mechanical and
Scar
chemical actions.
3. Terminology
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 extreme pressure (EP) additives, n—tribologically re-
3.1 Definitions:
active species that prevent mating metallic surfaces from
3.1.1 load-carrying capacity, of a lubricating grease, n—the
adhering to each other under concentrated contact conditions
maximum load or pressure that can be sustained by a lubricat-
with high PV values. PV Product, G40
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The PV value is the product of the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
contact pressure (MPa) and sliding velocity (m/s).
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
3.2.2 extreme pressure (EP) lubricants, n—formulations
Subcommittee D02.G0.04 on Functional Tests - Tribology.
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally
whose effects may become observable at different operating
ɛ1
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D2509–14 .
conditions,preventingadhesivewearundermixedorboundary
DOI:10.1520/D2509-20.
2 lubrication regimes and are characterized by an increased load
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
ADJD2509. Original adjunct produced in 1972. carrying capacity, or increased tribofilm strength.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2509 − 20
FIG. 1 Test Blocks Showing Various Types of Scar
3.2.3 load carrying capacity, n—of a lubricant, the maxi- medium,orhighlevelsofextremepressurecharacteristics.The
mum PV value [PV Limit, G40] that ca
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D2509 − 14 D2509 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating
1
Grease (Timken Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2509; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—The IP designation was removed and footnote 1 was revised editorially in March 2017.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-carrying capacity of lubricating greases by means of the Timken
Extreme Pressure Tester.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1, 7.2, and 9.4.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
2
Glossy Prints of Test Blocks Showing Various Types of Scar
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 load-carrying capacity, of a lubricating grease, n—the maximum load or pressure that can be sustained by a lubricating
grease without failure of the sliding contact surfaces as evidenced by seizure or welding.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The values of load carrying capacity of a lubricating grease vary according to test method.
3.1.2 scoring, in tribology, n—a severe form of wear characterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratches in the
direction of sliding.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
When the lubricant film is substantially maintained, a smooth scar is obtained on the test block, but when there is a breakdown
2
of the lubricant film, scoring or surface failure of the test block takes place as shown in Fig. 1. In its simplest and recognized form,
scoring is characterized by a wide scar on the test block and by the transfer of metal from the test block to the contacting surface
of the test cup. The form of surface failure more usually encountered, however, consists of a comparatively smooth scar, which
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.G0.04 on Functional Tests - Tribology.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014May 1, 2020. Published February 2015June 2020. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 20082014 as
ɛ1
D2509 – 03 (2008).D2509 – 14 DOI:10.1520/D2509-14E01. DOI:10.1520/D2509-20.
2
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD2509. Original adjunct produced in 1972.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2509 − 20
FIG. 1 Test Blocks Showing Various Types of Scar
shows local damage that usually extends beyond the width of the scar. Scratches or striations that occur in an otherwise smooth
scar and that do not extend beyond the width of the scar are not considered scoring in this test method. The term scuffing is
sometimes used as a synonym for scoring.
3.1.3 seizure or welding, n—localized fusion of rubbing metal, usually indicated by streaks of transferred metal, increased
friction and wear, or unusual noise and vibration.
3.1.4 wear, n—the removal of metal from a rubbing surface by mechanical action, or by a combination of mechanical and
chemical actions.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 extreme pressure (EP) additives, n—tribologically reactive species that prevent mating metallic surfaces from adhering to
each other under concentrated contact conditions with high PV values. PV Product, G40
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
The PV v
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.