ASTM C231-03

Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete from observation of the change in volume of concrete with a change in pressure.
1.2 This test method is intended for use with concretes and mortars made with relatively dense aggregates for which the aggregate correction factor can be satisfactorily determined by the technique described in Section . It is not applicable to concretes made with lightweight aggregates, air-cooled blast-furnace slag, or aggregates of high porosity. In these cases, Test Method C 173/C 173M should be used. This test method is also not applicable to nonplastic concrete such as is commonly used in the manufacture of pipe and concrete masonry units.
1.3 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-2003
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.60 - Testing Fresh Concrete

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C231-97e1 - Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM C231-04 - Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C1646/C1646M-16 - Standard Practice for Making and Curing Test Specimens for Evaluating Resistance of Coarse Aggregate to Freezing and Thawing in Air-Entrained Concrete
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C110-20 - Standard Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C173/C173M-16 - Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 231 – 03
Standard Test Method for
Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 231; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* C 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly
3
Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
1.1 This test method covers determination of the air content
C 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete
of freshly mixed concrete from observation of the change in
3
Test Specimens in the Laboratory
volume of concrete with a change in pressure.
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
1.2 This test method is intended for use with concretes and
3
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
mortars made with relatively dense aggregates for which the
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
aggregate correction factor can be satisfactorily determined by
4
ASTM Test Methods
the technique described in Section 6. It is not applicable to
concretes made with lightweight aggregates, air-cooled blast-
3. Significance and Use
furnace slag, or aggregates of high porosity. In these cases, Test
3.1 This test method covers the determination of the air
Method C 173/C 173M should be used. This test method is
content of freshly mixed concrete. The test determines the air
also not applicable to nonplastic concrete such as is commonly
content of freshly mixed concrete exclusive of any air that may
used in the manufacture of pipe and concrete masonry units.
exist inside voids within aggregate particles. For this reason, it
1.3 The text of this test method references notes and
is applicable to concrete made with relatively dense aggregate
footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes
particles and requires determination of the aggregate correction
and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not
factor (see 6.1 and 9.1).
be considered as requirements of this standard.
3.2 This test method and Test Method C 138/C 138M and
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
C 173/C 173M provide pressure, gravimetric, and volumetric
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
procedures, respectively, for determining the air content of
information only.
freshly mixed concrete. The pressure procedure of this test
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
method gives substantially the same air contents as the other
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
two test methods for concretes made with dense aggregates.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.3 The air content of hardened concrete may be either
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
higher or lower than that determined by this test method. This
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh
depends upon the methods and amount of consolidation effort
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
2 applied to the concrete from which the hardened concrete
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)
specimen is taken; uniformity and stability of the air bubbles in
2. Referenced Documents the fresh and hardened concrete; accuracy of the microscopic
examination, if used; time of comparison; environmental
2.1 ASTM Standards:
exposure; stage in the delivery, placement and consolidation
C 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),
3
processes at which the air content of the unhardened concrete
Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
3
is determined, that is, before or after the concrete goes through
C 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
a pump; and other factors.
4. Apparatus
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
4.1 Air Meters—There are available satisfactory apparatus
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
of two basic operational designs employing the principle of
C09.60 on Testing Fresh Concrete.
Boyle’s law. For purposes of reference herein these are
Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally
e1
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C 231 – 97 . designated Meter Type A and Meter Type B.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
*A Summar
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