ASTM B610-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Dimensional Changes Associated with Processing Metal Powders
Standard Test Method for Measuring Dimensional Changes Associated with Processing Metal Powders
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Dimensional Change When Compacting and Sintering Metal Powders:
5.1.1 The dimensional change value obtained under specified conditions of compacting and sintering is a material characteristic inherent in the powder.
5.1.2 The test is useful for quality control of the dimensional change of a metal powder mixture, to measure compositional and processing changes and to guide in the production of PM parts.
5.1.3 The absolute dimensional change may be used to classify powders or differentiate one type or grade from another, to evaluate additions to a powder mixture or to measure process changes, and to guide in the design of tooling.
5.1.4 The comparative dimensional change is mainly used as a quality control test to measure variations between a lot or shipment of metal powder and a reference powder of the same material composition.
5.1.5 Factors known to affect size change are the base metal powder grade, type and lot, particle size distribution, level and types of additions to the base metal powder, amount and type of lubricant, green density, as well as processing conditions of the test specimen; heating rate, sintering time and temperature, sintering atmosphere, and cooling rate.
5.2 Dimensional Change of Various PM Processing Steps:
5.2.1 The general procedure of measuring the die or a test compact before and after a PM processing step, and calculating a percent dimensional change is also adapted for use as an internal process evaluation test to quantify green expansion, repressing size change, heat treatment changes or other changes in dimensions that result from a manufacturing operation.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers a test method that may be used to measure the sum of the changes in dimensions that occur when a metal powder is first compacted into a test specimen and then sintered.
1.2 The dimensional change is determined by a quantitative laboratory procedure in which the arithmetic difference between the dimensions of a die cavity and the dimensions of a sintered test specimen produced from that die is calculated and expressed as a percent growth or shrinkage.
1.3 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B610 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Dimensional Changes Associated with
1
Processing Metal Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B610; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This standard covers a test method that may be used to
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of the Powder Metallurgy
measure the sum of the changes in dimensions that occur when (PM) terms that are used in this test method are found in
a metal powder is first compacted into a test specimen and then
TerminologyB243.Additionaldescriptiveinformationisavail-
sintered. able in the Related Material section ofVol. 02.05 of the Annual
Book of ASTM Standards.
1.2 The dimensional change is determined by a quantitative
laboratory procedure in which the arithmetic difference be-
4. Summary of Test Method
tween the dimensions of a die cavity and the dimensions of a
sintered test specimen produced from that die is calculated and 4.1 Rectangular test specimens are compacted to a target
expressed as a percent growth or shrinkage.
green density from a metal powder or metal powder mixture
and sintered under controlled conditions.
1.3 With the exception of the values for density and the
mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram
4.2 Theabsolutedimensionalchange,expressedasagrowth
3
per cubic centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the long- or shrinkage percentage is calculated from the difference
standing industry practice, the values stated in inch-pound
between the long dimension of the die cavity and the long
units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in dimension of the sintered test specimen.
parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are
4.3 The comparative dimensional change requires speci-
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
mens from a reference metal powder lot agreed upon by the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
parties concerned to be produced and processed at the same
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
time. The dimensional change of the specimens from the test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
powder is calculated and mathematically compared with the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
dimensional change of the specimens from the reference
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
powder.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Dimensional Change When Compacting and Sintering
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
Metal Powders:
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
5.1.1 The dimensional change value obtained under speci-
B925 Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder
fied conditions of compacting and sintering is a material
Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens
characteristic inherent in the powder.
B962 Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered
5.1.2 Thetestisusefulforqualitycontrolofthedimensional
Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’
change of a metal powder mixture, to measure compositional
Principle
and processing changes and to guide in the production of PM
parts.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
5.1.3 The absolute dimensional change may be used to
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
classify powders or differentiate one type or grade from
mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
another, to evaluate additions to a powder mixture or to
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originally
measure process changes, and to guide in the design of tooling.
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as B610 – 08. DOI:
10.1520/B0610-13.
5.1.4 The comparative dimensional change is mainly used
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
as a quality control test to measure variations between a lot or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
shipment of metal powder and a reference powder of the same
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. material composition.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B610 − 13
5.1.5 Factors known to affect size change are the base metal 8. Procedure
powder grade, type
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B610 − 08 B610 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Dimensional Changes Associated with
1
Processing Metal Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B610; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This standard covers a test method that may be used to measure the sum of the changes in dimensions that occur when a
metal powder is first compacted into a test specimen and then sintered.
1.2 The dimensional change is determined by a quantitative laboratory procedure in which the arithmetic difference between
the dimensions of a die cavity and the dimensions of a sintered test specimen produced from that die is calculated and expressed
as a percent growth or shrinkage.
1.3 With the exception of density values, the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the g/cmuse
3
of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm unit ) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry standard,practice, the values stated
in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI equivalents shown in parentheses, have been converted in accordance
with IEEE/ASTM Standard SI 10, may be approximate, and are only for information.values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B328 Test Method for Density, Oil Content, and Interconnected Porosity of Sintered Metal Structural Parts and Oil-Impregnated
3
Bearings (Withdrawn 2009)
B925 Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens
IEEE/ASTM SI 10B962 American National Standard for Metric PracticeTest Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered
Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of the Powder Metallurgy (PM) terms that are used in this test method are found in
Terminology B243. Additional descriptive information is available in the Related Material section of Vol.02.05 Vol. 02.05 of the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Rectangular test specimens are compacted to a target green density from a metal powder or metal powder mixture and
sintered under controlled conditions.
4.2 The absolute dimensional change, expressed as a growth or shrinkage percentage is calculated from the difference between
the long dimension of the die cavity and the long dimension of the sintered test specimen.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B09.02
on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008May 1, 2013. Published September 2008June 2013. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20002008 as
ε1
B610 - 00B610 – 08. . DOI: 10.1520/B0610-08.10.1520/B0610-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B610 − 13
4.3 The comparative dimensional change requires specimens from a reference metal powder lot agreed upon by the parties
concerned to be produced and processed at the same time. The dimensional change of the specimens from the test powder is
calculated and mathematically compared with the dimensional change of the specimens from the reference powder.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Dimensional Change When Compacting and Sintering Metal Powders:
5.1.1 The dimensional change value obtained under specified conditions of compacting and sinteri
...
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