ASTM D4870-09(2014)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels
Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Appreciable amounts of sediment in a residual fuel oil can cause fouling of facilities for handling, and give problems in burner mechanisms. Sediment can accumulate in storage tanks, on filter screens, or on burner parts, resulting in obstruction of the flow of oil from the tank to the burner.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total sediment up to 0.40 % m/m for distillate fuel oils containing residual components and to 0.50 % m/m in residual fuel oils having a maximum viscosity of 55 cSt (mm2/s) at 100°C. Some fuels can exceed the maximum filtration time specified in this test method due to factors other than the presence of significant quantities of insoluble organic or inorganic material. This test method can be used for the assessment of total sediment after regimes of fuel pretreatment designed to accelerate the aging process.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, Annex A1, and X1.6.1.
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Designation: D4870 − 09 (Reapproved 2014)
Designation: 375/99
Standard Test Method for
1
Determination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4870; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 total sediment—the sum of the insoluble organic and
inorganic material that is separated from the bulk of the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total
residual fuel oil by filtration through a Whatman GF/A filter
sediment up to 0.40 % m/m for distillate fuel oils containing
medium, and that is also insoluble in a predominantly paraf-
residual components and to 0.50 % m/m in residual fuel oils
2 finic solvent.
havingamaximumviscosityof55cSt(mm /s)at100°C.Some
fuels can exceed the maximum filtration time specified in this
4. Summary of Test Method
testmethodduetofactorsotherthanthepresenceofsignificant
4.1 A weighed quantity (10 g) of the oil sample is filtered
quantities of insoluble organic or inorganic material. This test
through the prescribed apparatus at 100°C. After solvent
method can be used for the assessment of total sediment after
washing and drying the total sediment on the filter medium is
regimes of fuel pretreatment designed to accelerate the aging
weighed. The test is to be carried out in duplicate.
process.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
5. Significance and Use
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5.1 Appreciable amounts of sediment in a residual fuel oil
standard.
can cause fouling of facilities for handling, and give problems
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in burner mechanisms. Sediment can accumulate in storage
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tanks, on filter screens, or on burner parts, resulting in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
obstruction of the flow of oil from the tank to the burner.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
6. Apparatus
warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, Annex A1, and X1.6.1.
6.1 Filtration Apparatus, constructed of brass, with copper
steam coils attached, suitably supported above a vacuum flask
2. Referenced Documents
2 appropriately protected against the effects of implosion. See
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Figs. 1 and 2.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products 6.2 Temperature Measuring Device , capable of measuring
thetemperatureintherangefrom95to105°Cwithanaccuracy
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
of 0.5°C.
Petroleum Products
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
6.3 Oven, electric, capable of maintaining a temperature of
110 6 1°C. The oven should be capable of safely evaporating
3. Terminology
the solvent without risk of fire.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6.4 Stirring Rod, glass or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
approximately 150 mm in length and 3 mm in diameter.
6.5 Beaker, glass, 30 mLcapacity, either squat form with lip
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
or conical.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
6.6 Small Dishes, such as watch glasses or Petri dishes.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published February 2015. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4870 – 09. DOI:
6.7 Hotplate, electric.
10.1520/D4870-09R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6.8 Steam Generator, to provide steam at 100 6 1°C.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.9 Vacuum Source, capable of providing the specified
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. vacuum.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4870 − 09 (2014)
FIG. 1 Detail of Filtration Cell
6.15 Syringe or Graduated Wash Bottle , minimum capacity
25 mL, graduated in 0.5 mL increments.
6.16 Forceps, spade-ended.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the commit-
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
3
where such specifications are available. O
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4870 − 09 D4870 − 09 (Reapproved 2014)
Designation: 375/99
Standard Test Method for
1
Determination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4870; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total sediment up to 0.40 % m/m for distillate fuel oils containing residual
2
components and to 0.50 % m/m in residual fuel oils having a maximum viscosity of 55 cSt (mm /s) at 100°C. Some fuels can
exceed the maximum filtration time specified in this test method due to factors other than the presence of significant quantities of
insoluble organic or inorganic material. This test method can be used for the assessment of total sediment after regimes of fuel
pretreatment designed to accelerate the aging process.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, Annex A1, and X1.6.1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 total sediment—the sum of the insoluble organic and inorganic material that is separated from the bulk of the residual fuel
oil by filtration through a Whatman GF/A filter medium, and that is also insoluble in a predominantly paraffinic solvent.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A weighed quantity (10 g) of the oil sample is filtered through the prescribed apparatus at 100°C. After solvent washing and
drying the total sediment on the filter medium is weighed. The test is to be carried out in duplicate.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Appreciable amounts of sediment in a residual fuel oil can cause fouling of facilities for handling, and give problems in
burner mechanisms. Sediment can accumulate in storage tanks, on filter screens, or on burner parts, resulting in obstruction of the
flow of oil from the tank to the burner.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Filtration Apparatus, constructed of brass, with copper steam coils attached, suitably supported above a vacuum flask
appropriately protected against the effects of implosion. See Figs. 1 and 2.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved April 15, 2009Dec. 1, 2014. Published May 2009February 2015. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20072009 as
D4870D4870 – 09.–07a. DOI: 10.1520/D4870-09.10.1520/D4870-09R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4870 − 09 (2014)
FIG. 1 Detail of Filtration Cell
FIG. 2 Arrangement of Filtration Apparatus
6.2 Temperature Measuring Device , capable of measuring the temperature in the range from 95 to 105°C with an accuracy of
0.5°C.
6.3 Oven, electric, capable of maintaining a temperature of 110 6 1°C. The oven should be capable of safely evaporating the
solvent without risk of fire.
6.4 Stirring Rod, glass or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) approximately 150 mm in length and 3 mm in diameter.
6.5 Beaker, glass, 30 mL capacity, either squat form with lip or conical.
6.6 Small Dishes, such as watch glasses or Petri dishes.
6.7 Hotplate, electric.
6.8 Steam Generator, to provide steam at 100 6 1°C.
6.9
...
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