ASTM E1736-15

Standard Practice for Acousto-Ultrasonic Assessment of Filament-Wound Pressure Vessels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The AU method should be considered for vessels that are proven to be free of major flaws or discontinuities as determined by conventional techniques. The AU method may be used for detecting major flaws if other methods are deemed impractical. It is important to use methods such as immersion pulse-echo ultrasonics (Practice E1001) and acoustic emission (Practice E1067) to ascertain the presence of major flaws before proceeding with AU.  
4.2 The AU method is intended almost exclusively for materials characterization by assessing the collective effects of dispersed defects and subcritical flaw populations. These are material aberrations that influence AU measurements and also underlie mechanical property variations, dynamic load response, and impact and fracture resistance.7  
4.3 The AU method can be used to evaluate laminate quality using access to only one surface, the usual constraint imposed by closed pressure vessels. For best results, the AU probes must be fixtured to maintain the probe orientation at normal incidence to the curved surface of the vessel. Given these constraints, this practice describes a procedure for automated AU scanning using water squirters to assess the serviceability and reliability of filament-wound pressure vessels.8
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for acousto-ultrasonic (AU) assessment of filament-wound pressure vessels. Guidelines are given for the detection of defect states and flaw populations that arise during materials processing or manufacturing or upon exposure to aggressive service environments. Although this practice describes an automated scanning mode, similar results can be obtained with a manual scanning mode.  
1.2 This procedure recommends technical details and rules for the reliable and reproducible AU detection of defect states and flaw populations. The AU procedure described herein can be a basis for assessing the serviceability of filament-wound pressure vessels.  
1.3 The objective of the AU method is primarily the assessment of defect states and diffuse flaw populations that influence the mechanical strength and ultimate reliability of filament-wound pressure vessels. The AU approach and probe configuration are designed specifically to determine composite properties in lateral rather than through-the-thickness directions.2  
1.4 The AU method is not for flaw detection in the conventional sense. The AU method is most useful for materials characterization, as explained in Guide E1495, which gives the rationale and basic technology for the AU method. Flaws and discontinuities such as large voids, disbonds, or extended lack of contact of interfaces can be found by other nondestructive examination (NDE) methods such as immersion pulse-echo ultrasonics.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this practice.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2015
• ICS: 19.100 - Non-destructive testing
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.04 - Acoustic Emission Method

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1736 − 15
Standard Practice for
Acousto-Ultrasonic Assessment of Filament-Wound
1
Pressure Vessels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1736; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for acousto-ultrasonic
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(AU) assessment of filament-wound pressure vessels. Guide-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
lines are given for the detection of defect states and flaw
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
populations that arise during materials processing or manufac-
turing or upon exposure to aggressive service environments.
2. Referenced Documents
Although this practice describes an automated scanning mode,
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
similar results can be obtained with a manual scanning mode.
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
1.2 This procedure recommends technical details and rules
Testing
for the reliable and reproducible AU detection of defect states
E1001 Practice for Detection and Evaluation of Discontinui-
and flaw populations. The AU procedure described herein can
ties by the Immersed Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Method
be a basis for assessing the serviceability of filament-wound
Using Longitudinal Waves
pressure vessels.
E1067 PracticeforAcousticEmissionExaminationofFiber-
glass Reinforced Plastic Resin (FRP) Tanks/Vessels
1.3 The objective of the AU method is primarily the
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
assessment of defect states and diffuse flaw populations that
E1495 Guide for Acousto-Ultrasonic Assessment of
influence the mechanical strength and ultimate reliability of
Composites, Laminates, and Bonded Joints
filament-wound pressure vessels. The AU approach and probe
4
2.2 ASNT Standards:
configuration are designed specifically to determine composite
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Personnel Qualification and Certifica-
properties in lateral rather than through-the-thickness direc-
2
tion in Nondestructive Testing
tions.
ASNT SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certifica-
1.4 TheAU method is not for flaw detection in the conven-
tion in Nondestructive Testing
tional sense. The AU method is most useful for materials 5
2.3 AIA Standard:
characterization, as explained in Guide E1495, which gives the
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
rationale and basic technology for the AU method. Flaws and
Test Personnel
discontinuities such as large voids, disbonds, or extended lack
6
2.4 ISO Standard:
of contact of interfaces can be found by other nondestructive
ISO 9712 Non-destructive Testing—Qualification and Cer-
examination (NDE) methods such as immersion pulse-echo
tification of NDT Personnel
ultrasonics.
3. Terminology
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1 Definitions—Relevant terminology and nomenclature
practice.
are defined in Terminology E1316 and Guide E1495.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Acoustic Emission Method. the ASTM website.
4
Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1736-10. DOI: 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
5
10.1520/E1736-15. Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
2
Vary, A., “Acousto-Ultrasonics,” Nondestructive Testing of Fibre-Reinforced WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
6
Plastics Composites, Vol 2, J. Summerscales, ed., Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
Barking, Essex, England, 1990, Chapter 1, pp. 1-54. la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1736 − 10 E1736 − 15
Standard Practice for
Acousto-Ultrasonic Assessment of Filament-Wound
1
Pressure Vessels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1736; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for acousto-ultrasonic (AU) assessment of filament-wound pressure vessels. Guidelines are
given for the detection of defect states and flaw populations that arise during materials processing or manufacturing or upon
exposure to aggressive service environments. Although this practice describes an automated scanning mode, similar results can be
obtained with a manual scanning mode.
1.2 This procedure recommends technical details and rules for the reliable and reproducible AU detection of defect states and
flaw populations. The AU procedure described herein can be a basis for assessing the serviceability of filament-wound pressure
vessels.
1.3 The objective of the AU method is primarily the assessment of defect states and diffuse flaw populations that influence the
mechanical strength and ultimate reliability of filament-wound pressure vessels. The AU approach and probe configuration are
2
designed specifically to determine composite properties in lateral rather than through-the-thickness directions.
1.4 The AU method is not for flaw detection in the conventional sense. The AU method is most useful for materials
characterization, as explained in Guide E1495, which gives the rationale and basic technology for the AU method. Flaws and
discontinuities such as large voids, disbonds, or extended lack of contact of interfaces can be found by other nondestructive
examination (NDE) methods such as immersion pulse-echo ultrasonics.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
practice.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1001 Practice for Detection and Evaluation of Discontinuities by the Immersed Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Method Using
Longitudinal Waves
E1067 Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Resin (FRP) Tanks/Vessels
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1495 Guide for Acousto-Ultrasonic Assessment of Composites, Laminates, and Bonded Joints
4
2.2 ASNT Standards:
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
ASNT SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on Acoustic Emission
Method.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010June 1, 2015. Published July 2010June 2015. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
E1736 - 05.E1736-10. DOI: 10.1520/E1736-10.10.1520/E1736-15.
2
Vary, A., “Acousto-Ultrasonics,” Nondestructive Testing of Fibre-Reinforced Plastics Composites, Vol 2, J. Summerscales, ed., Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., Barking,
Essex, England, 1990, Chapter 1, pp. 1-54.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E1736 − 15
5
2.3 AIA Standard:
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Test Personnel
6
2.4 ISO Standard:
ISO 9712 Non-destructive Testing—Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Relevant ter
...