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ASTM D4496-04e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive Materials (Withdrawn 2013)

Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive Materials (Withdrawn 2013)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful for the comparison of materials, as a quality control test, and may be used for specification purposes.
This test method is useful in the selection and use of materials in wires, cables, bushings, high-voltage rotating machinery, and other electrical apparatus in which shielding or the distribution of voltage stress may be of value.
Commercially available “moderately conductive” materials frequently are comprised of both conductive and resistive components (that is, cellulose fibers with colloidal carbon black particles attached to portions of the surfaces of those fibers, or discrete conductive particles adhered to the surfaces of electrical insulating polymers). Such commercially available materials are often manufactured in a manner that may result in anisotropy with respect to electrical conduction. Hence, the significance of tests using this test method may depend upon the orientation of the specimen tested to the electric field and the relationship between this orientation and the orientation of the material in the electrical apparatus which uses these materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the measurement of electrical resistance or conductance of materials that are generally categorized as moderately conductive and are neither good electrical insulators nor good conductors.
1.2 Test measurements of electrical resistance (or conductance) and specimen geometry data are used to compute an electrical resistivity for the material.
1.3 This test method applies to all materials that exhibit volume resistivity in the range of 1 to 107 -cm or surface resistivity in the range of 103 to 107 (per square).
1.4 This test method is designed for measurements at standard conditions of 23C and 50 % relative humidity, but its principles of operation can be applied to specimens measured at lower or higher temperatures and relative humidities.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautionary statements are given in .
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the measurement of electrical resistance or conductance of materials that are generally categorized as moderately conductive and are neither good electrical insulators nor good conductors.Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials, this practice was withdrawn in January 2013 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2004
Withdrawal Date
31-Dec-2012
ICS
29.050 - Superconductivity and conducting materials
Technical Committee
D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
Drafting Committee
D09.12 - Electrical Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4496-04 - Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive Materials
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM F3510-21 - Standard Guide for Characterizing Fiber-Based Constructs for Tissue-Engineered Medical Products
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM D257-14(2021)e1 - Standard Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM D3004-08(2020) - Standard Specification for Crosslinked and Thermoplastic Extruded Semi-Conducting, Conductor, and Insulation Shielding Materials
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4325-20 - Standard Test Methods for Nonmetallic Semi-Conducting and Electrically Insulating Rubber Tapes
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8231-19 - Standard Practice for the Use of a Low Voltage Electronic Scanning System for Detecting and Locating Breaches in Roofing and Waterproofing Membranes
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM D1711-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6095-12(2023) - Standard Test Method for Longitudinal Measurement of Volume Resistivity for Extruded Crosslinked and Thermoplastic Semiconducting Conductor and Insulation Shielding Materials
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004

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ASTM D4496-04e1 - Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive Materials (Withdrawn 2013)ASTM D4496-04e1 - Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive Materials (Withdrawn 2013)
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ASTM D4496-04e1 - Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive Materials (Withdrawn 2013)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D4496 − 04 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Method for
D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4496; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Adjunct references were corrected editorially in April 2006.
1. Scope D1711Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
D6054Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Mate-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mea-
rials for Testing
surement of electrical resistance or conductance of materials
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
thataregenerallycategorizedasmoderatelyconductiveandare
3
Carbon black test cell (two drawings)
neither good electrical insulators nor good conductors.
1.2 Test measurements of electrical resistance (or conduc-
3. Terminology
tance) and specimen geometry data are used to compute an
3.1 Definitions:
electrical resistivity for the material.
3.1.1 moderately conductive—a solid material having vol-
7
1.3 This test method applies to all materials that exhibit
ume resistivity between 1 and 10 Ω·cm.
7
volume resistivity in the range of 1 to 10 Ω-cm or surface
3 7 3.1.2 For definitions of other terms used in this standard,
resistivity in the range of 10 to 10 Ω (per square).
refer to Terminology D1711.
1.4 This test method is designed for measurements at
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standardconditionsof23°Cand50%relativehumidity,butits
3.2.1 steady state—for the purpose of this test method,
principles of operation can be applied to specimens measured
steady-state is attained if any rate of change in the observed
at lower or higher temperatures and relative humidities.
resistance (or conductance) averages less than 0.25%/s.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Specimens of material are conditioned in prescribed
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
environmentsandsubjectedtodirect-voltagestress.Resistance
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
or conductance is measured and used with the dimensional
tionary statements are given in 8.3.
aspectsofthespecimentocomputearesistivityofthematerial.
The apparatus and techniques used in this test method are in
2. Referenced Documents
accordance with the general principles set forth in Test Meth-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ods D257.
D257Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
5. Significance and Use
Insulating Materials
D374Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
5.1 This test method is useful for the comparison of
lation
materials, as a quality control test, and may be used for
D991Test Method for Rubber Property—Volume Resistiv-
specification purposes.
ity Of Electrically Conductive and Antistatic Products
5.2 This test method is useful in the selection and use of
materials in wires, cables, bushings, high-voltage rotating
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
machinery, and other electrical apparatus in which shielding or
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
the distribution of voltage stress may be of value.
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally
5.3 Commercially available “moderately conductive” mate-
´1
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D4496 – 87(1998) .
rials frequently are comprised of both conductive and resistive
DOI: 10.1520/D4496-04E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD4496.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D4496 − 04
components (that is, cellulose fibers with colloidal carbon declared attained if two consecutive volume resistance mea-
black particles attached to portions of the surfaces of those surements on the same specimen agree within 61%. The two
fibers, or discrete conductive particles adhered to the surfaces
consecutive measurements are to be made at intervals sepa-
ofelectricalinsulatingpolymers).Suchcommercial
...

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—  
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Note 1: Material for hot forging will be found in Specification B124/B124M.  
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This specification covers the requirements for rod drawing stock produced from electrolytic tough-pitch or oxygen-free coppers and is suitable for further fabrication into electrical conductors. The rod shall be fabricated from copper of such quality and purity. Copper of special qualities, forms, or types, as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser and that will conform to the requirements prescribed in this specification may also be used. The specimen shall have the following chemical composition: tellurium, selenium, bismuth, antimony, arsenic, tin, lead, iron, nickel, sulfur, silver, oxygen, cadmium, phosphorus, zinc, and manganese. Embrittlement test shall be performed on the specimen to reflect propensity towards hydrogen embrittlement and shall be performed only on oxygen-free copper. The rod shall be free of defects, but blemishes of a nature that do not interfere with the intended application are acceptable.
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1.1 This specification covers the requirements for rod in diameters from 1/4 in. to 13/8 in. (6.4 mm to 35 mm) produced from high conductivity coppers listed in Table 1, namely, electrolytic tough-pitch, oxygen-free, or fire-refined high conductivity coppers, and are suitable for further fabrication into electrical conductors.  
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