ASTM E2548-16
(Guide)Standard Guide for Sampling Seized Drugs for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis
Standard Guide for Sampling Seized Drugs for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide provides information for the sampling of seized-drug submissions.
3.2 The principal purpose of sampling in the context of this guide is to answer relevant questions about a population by examination of a portion of the population. For example:
What is the net weight of the population?
What portion of the units of a population can be said to contain a given drug at a given level of confidence?
3.3 By developing a sampling strategy and implementing appropriate sampling schemes, as illustrated in Fig. 1, a laboratory will minimize the total number of required analytical determinations, while ensuring that all relevant legal and scientific requirements are met.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum considerations for sampling of seized drugs for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
1.2 This guide cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience and should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2548 − 16 An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Sampling Seized Drugs for Qualitative and Quantitative
1
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2548; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ISO 3534-2 Statistics – Vocabulary and Symbols – Part 2:
Statistical Quality Control
1.1 Thisguidecoversminimumconsiderationsforsampling
of seized drugs for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
3. Significance and Use
1.2 This guide cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability
3.1 This guide provides information for the sampling of
acquired through appropriate education, training, and experi-
seized-drug submissions.
ence and should be used in conjunction with sound profes-
sional judgment.
3.2 The principal purpose of sampling in the context of this
guide is to answer relevant questions about a population by
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
examination of a portion of the population. For example:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
What is the net weight of the population?
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
What portion of the units of a population can be said to contain a
given drug at a given level of confidence?
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.3 By developing a sampling strategy and implementing
2. Referenced Documents
appropriate sampling schemes, as illustrated in Fig. 1,a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: laboratory will minimize the total number of required analyti-
cal determinations, while ensuring that all relevant legal and
E105 Guide for Probability Sampling of Materials
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With scientific requirements are met.
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
Lot or Process 4. Sampling Strategy
E141 Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the
4.1 Anappropriatesamplingstrategyishighlydependenton
Results of Probability Sampling
the purpose of the investigation, the customer’s request, and
E1732 Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
theanticipateduseoftheresults.Lawsandlegalpracticesform
E2329 Practice for Identification of Seized Drugs
the foundation of most strategies and shall be taken into
E2334 Practice for Setting an Upper Confidence Bound for a
account when designing a sampling scheme. Therefore, spe-
Fraction or Number of Non-Conforming items, or a Rate
cific sampling strategies are not defined in this guide.
of Occurrence for Non-Conformities, Using Attribute
4.2 The laboratory has the responsibility to develop its own
Data, When There is a Zero Response in the Sample
strategiesconsistentwiththisguide.Itisrecommendedthatthe
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
following key points be addressed:
ISO 3534-1 Statistics – Vocabulary and Symbols – Part 1:
4.2.1 Sampling may be statistical or non-statistical.
Probability and General Statistical Terms
NOTE 1—For the purpose of this guide, the use of the term statistical is
meant to include the notion of an approach that is probability-based.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic
4.2.1.1 In many cases, a non-statistical approach may suf-
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
fice. The sampling plan shall provide an adequate basis for
Current edition approved March 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally
answering questions of applicable law. For example,
approved in 2007. Last previous version approved in 2011 as E2548– 11. DOI:
10.1520/E2548-16.
Is there a drug present in the population?
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Are statutory enhancement levels satisfied by the analysis of a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
specified number of units?
the ASTM website.
3
4.2.1.2 If an inference about the whole population is to be
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de
Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch. drawn from a sample, then the plan shall be either statistically
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E2548 − 11 E2548 − 16
Standard Guide for
Sampling Seized Drugs for Qualitative and Quantitative
1
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2548; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to Sections 1 and 8 in December 2011.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers minimum considerations for sampling of seized drugs for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
1.2 This guide cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience and
should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E141 Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the Results of Probability Sampling
E1732 Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
E2329 Practice for Identification of Seized Drugs
E2334 Practice for Setting an Upper Confidence Bound For a Fraction or Number of Non-Conforming items, or a Rate of
Occurrence for Non-conformities, Using Attribute Data, When There is a Zero Response in the Sample
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 3534-1 Statistics – Vocabulary and Symbols – Part 1: Probability and General Statistical Terms
ISO 3534-2 Statistics – Vocabulary and Symbols – Part 2: Statistical Quality Control
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This guide provides information for the sampling of seized-drug submissions.
3.2 The principal purpose of sampling in the context of this guide is to answer relevant questions about a population by
examination of a portion of the population. For example:
What is the net weight of the population?
What portion of the units of a population can be said to contain a
given drug at a given level of confidence?
3.3 By developing a sampling strategy and implementing appropriate sampling schemes, as illustrated in Fig. 1, a laboratory
will minimize the total number of required analytical determinations, while ensuring that all relevant legal and scientific
requirements are met.
4. Sampling Strategy
4.1 AAn appropriate sampling strategy is highly dependent on the purpose of the investigation, the original question,customer’s
request, and the ultimateanticipated use of the results. Laws and legal practices form the foundation of most strategies and shall
be taken into account when designing a sampling scheme. Therefore, specific sampling strategies are not defined in this guide.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011March 1, 2016. Published October 2011April 2016. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous version approved in 20072011 as
E2548– 07.– 11. DOI: 10.1520/E2548-11E01.10.1520/E2548-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2548 − 16
FIG. 1 Relationship of Various Levels Required in Sampling
4.2 The laboratory has the responsibility to develop its own strategies consistent with these recommendations.this guide. It is
recommended that the following key points be addressed:
4.2.1 Sampling may be statistical or non-statistical.
NOTE 1—For the purpose of this guide, the use of the term statistical is meant to include the notion of an approach that is probability-based.
4.2.1.1 In many cases, a non-statistical approach may suffice. The sampling plan shall provide an adequate basis for answering
questions of applicable law. For example,
Is there a drug present in the population?
Are statutory enhancement levels satisfied by the analysis of a
specified number of units?
4.2.1.2 If an inference abou
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.