ASTM D4175-22ae1
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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´1
Designation: D4175 − 22a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially updated Appendix X1 in June 2023 to align with new version of ASTM Form and Style Manual.
1. Scope* abrasive wear, n—wear due to hard particles or hard protu-
berances forced against and moving along a solid surface.
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of
[D02.B0] D4998; [D02.L0] D5182
terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum
DISCUSSION—Also called cutting wear in some instances such as
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not
machining swarf. [D02.96] D7898
include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in
which they appear.
absorbance, n—logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the
reciprocal of the transmittance. [D02.03] D7740
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to
petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products
absorbance, (A), n—the molecular property of a substance that
from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same
determines its ability to take up radiant energy, expressed by:
terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products,
A 5 log 1 ⁄ T 5 2log T
~ ! ~ !
and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in
10 10
dictionaries of general usage.
where T is the transmittance.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.14] D7996
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
determines its ability to take up radiant power, expressed by:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
A 5 log 1/T 5 2log T
~ !
10 10
where T is the transmittance.
2. Terminology
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each
of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has
term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
jurisdiction is in bold print following the definition. Those
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.04] D2008
showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommit-
tee CS 95.
absorbance (A), n—the logarithm to the base 10 of the
reciprocal of the transmittance, (T).
1,3-butadiene—hydrocarbon product containing more than
99 % 1,3-butadiene. [D02.D0] D5274
A 5 log ~1/T! 5 2log T
10 10
DISCUSSION—Absorbance is a measure of the capacity of a substance
abrasion, n—wear by displacement of material caused by hard
to absorb light of a specific wavelength. [D02.25] D8470
particles or hard protuberances. [D02.96] D7684, D7690
absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to
absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path
length, expressed by:
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of a 5 Af/bc
Subcommittee D02.95 on Terminology.
where:
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
ɛ1
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D4175 – 22 . DOI:
A = the absorbance,
10.1520/D4175-22AE01.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D4175 − 22a
as: (1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
f = the dilution factor,
principles, (2) an assigned or certified value, based on
b = sample cell path length, and
c = the quantity of ab
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D4175 − 22a D4175 − 22a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially updated Appendix X1 in June 2023 to align with new version of ASTM Form and Style Manual.
1. Scope*
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products,
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from
biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and
lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Terminology
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee jurisdiction
is in bold print following the definition. Those showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee CS 95.
1,3-butadiene—hydrocarbon product containing more than 99 % 1,3-butadiene. [D02.D0] D5274
abrasion, n—wear by displacement of material caused by hard particles or hard protuberances. [D02.96] D7684, D7690
abrasive wear, n—wear due to hard particles or hard protuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface. [D02.B0]
D4998; [D02.L0] D5182
DISCUSSION—
Also called cutting wear in some instances such as machining swarf. [D02.96] D7898
absorbance, n—logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the reciprocal of the transmittance. [D02.03] D7740
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.95 on Terminology.
ɛ1
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D4175 – 22 . DOI:
10.1520/D4175-22A.10.1520/D4175-22AE01.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D4175 − 22a
absorbance, (A), n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its ability to take up radiant energy, expressed by:
A 5 log 1 ⁄ T 52log T
~ ! ~ !
10 10
where T is the transmittance.
DISCUSSION—
Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has been affected for
reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small compared with attenuation by
absorption. [D02.14] D7996
absorbance, A,n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its ability to take up radiant power, expressed by:
A 5 log ~1/T! 52log T
10 10
where T is the transmittance.
DISCUSSION—
Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has been affected for
reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small compared with attenuation by
absorption. [D02.04] D2008
absorbance (A), n—the logarithm to the base 10 of the reciprocal of the transmittance, (T).
A 5 log ~1/T! 52log T
10 10
DISCUSSION—
Absorbance is a measure of the capacity of a substance to absorb light of a specific wavelength. [D02.25] D8470
absorptivity, a,n—the specific property of a substance to absorb radiant power per unit sample
...
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