ASTM D1092-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity of Lubricating Greases
Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity of Lubricating Greases
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Apparent viscosity versus shear rate information can be useful in predicting pressure drops in grease distribution systems under steady-state flow conditions at constant temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement, in poises, of the apparent viscosity of lubricating greases in the temperature range from −54 °C to 38 °C (−65 °F to 100 °F). Measurements are limited to the range from 25 P to 100 000 P at 0.1 s−1 and 1 P to 100 P at 15 000 s−1.
Note 1: At very low temperatures the shear rate range may be reduced because of the great force required to force grease through the smaller capillaries. Precision has not been established below 10 s−1.
1.2 This standard uses inch-pound units as well as SI (acceptable metric) units. The values stated first are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. The capillary dimensions in SI units in Fig. A1.1 and Fig. A1.2 are standard.
1.3 This test method uses mercury thermometers. WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location. The responsible subcommittee, D02.G0, continues to explore alternatives to eventually replace the mercury thermometers.
1.3.1 In addition, temperature measuring devices such as liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermocouples, thermistors, or platinum resistance thermometers that provide equivalent or better accuracy and precision, that cover the temperature range for ASTM thermometer 49C, may be used.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D1092 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Apparent Viscosity of Lubricating Greases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1092; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers measurement, in poises, of the
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
apparent viscosity of lubricating greases in the temperature
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
rangefrom−54°Cto38°C(−65°Fto100°F).Measurements
−1 ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
are limited to the range from 25P to 100000P at 0.1s and
−1 Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1P to 100P at 15000s .
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
NOTE1—Atverylowtemperaturestheshearraterangemaybereduced
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
because of the great force required to force grease through the smaller
−1
capillaries. Precision has not been established below 10s .
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 This standard uses inch-pound units as well as SI
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(acceptable metric) units. The values stated first are to be
D88Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for
D217Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
information only. The capillary dimensions in SI units in Fig.
Grease
A1.1 and Fig. A1.2 are standard.
D3244Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine
1.3 This test method uses mercury thermometers.
Conformance with Specifications
WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regula-
tory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious
3. Terminology
medicalissues.Mercury,oritsvapor,hasbeendemonstratedto
3.1 Definitions:
be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—of a lubricating grease is the
when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See
ratio of shear stress to shear rate calculated from Poiseuille’s
the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional
equation, and is measured in poises (see 10.1).
information. The potential exists that selling mercury or
3.1.2 capillary, n—For the purpose of this test method, a
mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or
capillary is any right cylindrical tube having a length to
national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their
diameter ratio of 40 to 1.
location. The responsible subcommittee, D02.G0, continues to
explore alternatives to eventually replace the mercury ther-
3.1.3 shear rate, n—the rate at which a series of adjacent
mometers.
layers of grease move with respect to each other; proportional
1.3.1 In addition, temperature measuring devices such as
to the linear velocity of flow divided by the capillary radius,
liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermocouples, thermistors, or
and is thus expressed as reciprocal seconds.
platinum resistance thermometers that provide equivalent or
betteraccuracyandprecision,thatcoverthetemperaturerange
4. Summary of Test Method
for ASTM thermometer 49C, may be used.
4.1 The sample is forced through a capillary by means of a
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
floating piston actuated by the hydraulic system. From the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
predeterminedflowrateandtheforcedevelopedinthesystem,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the apparent viscosity is calculated by means of Poiseuille’s
equation.Aseriesofeightcapillariesandtwopumpspeedsare
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.G0 on Lubricating Grease. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published April 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D1092–12 (2017). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D1092-18. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1092 − 12 (Reapproved 2017) D1092 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Apparent Viscosity of Lubricating Greases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1092; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers measurement, in poises, of the apparent viscosity of lubricating greases in the temperature range
−1
from −54 °C to 38 °C (−65 °F to 100 °F). Measurements are limited to the range from 25 P to 100 000 P at 0.1 s and 1 P to 100 P
−1
at 15 000 s .
NOTE 1—At very low temperatures the shear rate range may be reduced because of the great force required to force grease through the smaller
−1
capillaries. Precision has not been established below 10 s .
1.2 This standard uses inch-pound units as well as SI (acceptable metric) units. The values stated first are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. The capillary dimensions in SI units in Fig. A1.1 and Fig. A1.2
are standard.
1.3 This test method uses mercury thermometers. WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as
a hazardous materialsubstance that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. serious medical issues. Mercury,
or its vapor, may has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken Use caution
when handling mercury and mercury containing mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be
aware (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your
state or country may be prohibited by law.or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users
must determine legality of sales in their location. The responsible subcommittee, D02.G0, continues to explore alternatives to
eventually replace the mercury thermometers.
1.3.1 In addition, temperature measuring devices such as liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermocouples, thermistors, or platinum
resistance thermometers that provide equivalent or better accuracy and precision, that cover the temperature range for ASTM
thermometer 49C, may be used.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
D3244 Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.G0.02D02.G0 on Consistency and Related Rheological TestsLubricating Grease.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2018. Published August 2017April 2019. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 20122017 as
D1092 – 12.D1092 – 12 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/D1092-12R17.10.1520/D1092-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D1092 − 18
3.1.1 apparent visc
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