ASTM D2007-03(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Characteristic Groups in Rubber Extender and Processing Oils and Other Petroleum-Derived Oils by the Clay-Gel Absorption Chromatographic Method
Standard Test Method for Characteristic Groups in Rubber Extender and Processing Oils and Other Petroleum-Derived Oils by the Clay-Gel Absorption Chromatographic Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The composition of the oil included in rubber compounds has a large effect on the characteristics and uses of the compounds. The determination of the saturates, aromatics, and polar compounds is a key analysis of this composition.
The determination of the saturates, aromatics, and polar compounds and further analysis of the fractions produced is often used as a research method to aid understanding of oil effects in rubber and other uses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for classifying oil samples of initial boiling point of at least 260°C (500°F) into the hydrocarbon types of polar compounds, aromatics and saturates, and recovery of representative fractions of these types. This classification is used for specification purposes in rubber extender and processing oils.
Note 1—See Test Method D 2226.
1.2 This test method is not directly applicable to oils of greater than 0.1 mass % pentane insolubles. Such oils can be analyzed after removal of these materials, but precision is degraded (see Appendix X1).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.1, Section 7, A1.4.1, and A1.5.5.
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Designation:D2007–03 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Characteristic Groups in Rubber Extender and Processing
Oils and Other Petroleum-Derived Oils by the Clay-Gel
1
Absorption Chromatographic Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for classifying oil 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
samples of initial boiling point of at least 260°C (500°F) into 3.1.1 The following terms refer to the hydrocarbon types
the hydrocarbon types of polar compounds, aromatics and and structural groups as measured by this test method:
saturates, and recovery of representative fractions of these 3.1.2 aromatics—material that, on percolation, passes
types. This classification is used for specification purposes in through a column of adsorbent clay in a n-pentane eluent but
rubber extender and processing oils. adsorbs on silica gel under the conditions specified.
3.1.3 asphaltenes, or n-pentane insolubles—insoluble mat-
NOTE 1—See Test Method D2226.
ter that precipitates from a solution of oil in n-pentane under
1.2 This test method is not directly applicable to oils of
the specified conditions.
greater than 0.1 mass % pentane insolubles. Such oils can be
3.1.4 polar aromatics—synonym for polar compounds.
analyzed after removal of these materials, but precision is
3.1.5 polar compounds—material retained on adsorbent
degraded (see Appendix X1).
clay after percolation of the sample in n-pentane eluent under
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
the conditions specified.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.6 saturates—materialthat,onpercolationina n-pentane
only.
eluent, is not adsorbed on either the clay or silica gel under the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
conditions specified.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 The sample is diluted with solvent and charged to a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning
glass percolation column containing clay in the upper section
statements are given in 6.1, Section 7, A1.4.1, and A1.5.5.
and silica gel plus clay in the lower section. n-pentane is then
charged to the double column until a definite quantity of
2. Referenced Documents
effluenthasbeencollected.Theupper(clay)sectionisremoved
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
from the lower section and washed further with n-pentane. A
D2226 Classification for Various Types of Petroleum Oils
toluene-acetone mixture 50 to 50 by volume is then charged to
for Rubber Compounding Use
the clay section for desorption and a specified volume of
D5309 Specification for Cyclohexane 999
effluent collected. The lower (gel) column may be desorbed by
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
recirculation of toluene.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
4.2 The solvents are completely removed from the recov-
ered n-pentane and the toluene-acetone fractions and the
residues are weighed and calculated as saturate and polar
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
compounds contents. Aromatics may be calculated by differ-
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
ence, or measured following evaporation of the toluene used
D02.04.0C on Liquid Chromatography.
for desorption of the gel column.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published February 2009. Originally
´1
4.3 When the sample contains more than 0.1 mass % of
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2007–03 . DOI:
10.1520/D2007-03R08.
n-pentane insolubles, this test method cannot be used directly.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Theinsolublemattermustberemovedfromthesamplepriorto
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
charging to the column.Amethod for this removal is given as
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. an appendix.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2007–03 (2008)
4.4 Alternative methods are provided (1) for recovery of 6.9 Condenser, borosilicate (Fig. 3).
3,4
aromatics from the gel column, an
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D2007–02 Designation:D2007–03 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Characteristic Groups in Rubber Extender and Processing
Oils and Other Petroleum–-Derived Oils by the
1
Clay–GelClay-Gel Absorption Chromatographic Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
Paragraphs 7.5 and 7.6 were corrected, and the yeardate was changed per the Editorial Review Board in November 2002.
1. Scope *
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for classifying oil samples of initial boiling point of at least 260°C (500°F) into the
hydrocarbon types of polar compounds, aromatics and saturates, and recovery of representative fractions of these types. This
classification is used for specification purposes in rubber extender and processing oils.
NOTE 1—See Test Method D 2226.
1.2 This test method is not directly applicable to oils of greater than 0.1 mass % pentane insolubles. Such oils can be analyzed
after removal of these materials, but precision is degraded (See (see Appendix X1).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionwarning statements are given in 6.1, Section 7, A1.4.1, and A1.5.5.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2
D323Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
2
D1159Test Method for Bromine Number of Petroleum Distillates and CommercialAliphatic Olefins by ElectrometricTitration
2
D 2226 Classification for Various Types of Petroleum Oils for Rubber Compounding Use
D 5309 Specification for Cyclohexane 999
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 The following terms refer to the hydrocarbon types and structural groups as measured by this test method:
3.1.1.1asphaltenes, or
3.1.2 aromatics—material that, on percolation, passes through a column of adsorbent clay in a n-pentane eluent but adsorbs on
silica gel under the conditions specified.
3.1.3 asphaltenes, or n-pentane insolubles—insoluble matter that precipitates from a solution of oil in n-pentane under the
specified conditions.
3.1.1.2polar compounds
3.1.4 polar aromatics—synonym for polar compounds.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04 on
Hydrocarbon Analysis.
Current edition approved Nov. 11, 2002. Published November 2002. Originally published as D2007–68T. Last previous edition D2007–01a.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0C
on Liquid Chromatography.
´1
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published February 2009. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 2007–03 .
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 05.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2007–03 (2008)
3.1.5 polar compounds—material retained on adsorbent clay after percolation of the sample in n-pentane eluent under the
conditions specified.
3.1.1.3polar aromatics—synonym for polar compounds.
3.1.1.4aromatics—material that, on percolation, passes through a column of adsorbent clay in a n-pentane eluent but adsorbs on
silica gel under the conditions specified.
3.1.1.5saturates
3.1.6 saturates—material that, on perc
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
´1
Designation:D2007–03 Designation:D2007–03 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Characteristic Groups in Rubber Extender and Processing
Oils and Other Petroleum-Derived Oils by the Clay-Gel
1
Absorption Chromatographic Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Updated cross-references to notes editorially in October 2008.
1. Scope *
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for classifying oil samples of initial boiling point of at least 260°C (500°F) into the
hydrocarbon types of polar compounds, aromatics and saturates, and recovery of representative fractions of these types. This
classification is used for specification purposes in rubber extender and processing oils.
NOTE 1—See Test Method D 2226.
1.2 This test method is not directly applicable to oils of greater than 0.1 mass % pentane insolubles. Such oils can be analyzed
after removal of these materials, but precision is degraded (see Appendix X1).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.1, Section 7, A1.4.1, and A1.5.5.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D323Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
D1159Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and CommercialAliphatic Olefins by ElectrometricTitration
D 2226 Classification for Various Types of Petroleum Oils for Rubber Compounding Use
D 5309 Specification for Cyclohexane 999
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 The following terms refer to the hydrocarbon types and structural groups as measured by this test method:
3.1.2 aromatics—material that, on percolation, passes through a column of adsorbent clay in a n-pentane eluent but adsorbs on
silica gel under the conditions specified.
3.1.3 asphaltenes, or n-pentane insolubles—insoluble matter that precipitates from a solution of oil in n-pentane under the
specified conditions.
3.1.4 polar aromatics—synonym for polar compounds.
3.1.5 polar compounds—material retained on adsorbent clay after percolation of the sample in n-pentane eluent under the
conditions specified.
3.1.6 saturates—material that, on percolation in a n-pentane eluent, is not adsorbed on either the clay or silica gel under the
conditions specified.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0C
on Liquid Chromatography.
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D2007–02.
´1
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published February 2009. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 2007–03 .
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2007–03 (2008)
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The sample is diluted with solvent and charged to a glass percolation column containing clay in the upper section and silica
gel plus clay in the lower section. n-pentane is then charged to the double column until a definite quantity of effluent has been
collected. The upper (clay) section is removed from the lower section and washed further with n-pentane. A toluene-acetone
mixture 50 to 50 by volu
...
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