D02.04.0C - Liquid Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The composition of the oil included in rubber compounds has a large effect on the characteristics and uses of the compounds. The determination of the saturates, aromatics, and polar compounds is a key analysis of this composition.  
5.2 The determination of the saturates, aromatics, and polar compounds and further analysis of the fractions produced is often used as a research method to aid understanding of oil effects in rubber and other uses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for classifying oil samples of initial boiling point of at least 260 °C (500 °F) into the hydrocarbon types of polar compounds, aromatics and saturates, and recovery of representative fractions of these types. This classification is used for specification purposes in rubber extender and processing oils.  
Note 1: See Test Method D2226.  
1.2 This test method is not directly applicable to oils of greater than 0.1 % by mass pentane insolubles. Such oils can be analyzed after removal of these materials, but precision is degraded (see Appendix X1).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.1, Section 7, A1.4.1, and A1.5.5.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Specification D1655 provides a maximum permissible concentration (5.7 mg/L) of MDA in aviation turbine fuel. This test method will allow the quantification of MDA in aviation turbine fuels. The MDA additive is used for fuel thermal stability control and to reduce fuel degradation caused by the presence of trace metals (copper in particular) in aviation fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the metal deactivator additive (MDA) content of aviation turbine fuels. The specific MDA determined and used to develop this test method is N,N′-disalicylidene-1,2-propanediamine. Other MDAs have not been tested by this test method.  
1.1.1 This test method specifically covers the determination of uncomplexed MDA content in aviation turbine fuel. MDA is a chelator of divalent metal ions, and the MDA-metal ion complexed species content of aviation turbine fuel will not be accounted for by this test method.  
1.2 This test method is divided into two procedures: (1) Procedure A uses a semi-portable capillary-liquid chromatography system (Capillary-HPLC) that may be used in the field or laboratory; (2) Procedure B uses a standard laboratory version of liquid chromatography (Conventional-HPLC). Procedures A and B have separate precisions.  
1.3 The test method has an interim repeatability determined in accordance with Practice D6300. Based on the mean values of the samples used in the interim repeatability study, Procedure A is applicable in the range of 0.50 mg/mL to 10.0 mg/mL; the range for Procedure B is 0.60 mg/mL to 9.6 mg/mL. Higher concentrations can be determined by dilution, but the precision of the test method has not been determined.  
1.3.1 An extended interlaboratory study (ILS) will be conducted in the future to determine the full repeatability and reproducibility and the final applicable concentration ranges.  
1.3.2 The test method applies to MDA in petroleum-based aviation fuels and Synthetic Aviation Fuels (SAF). However, for the interim precision, a petroleum-based aviation fuel was used. Future ILS will include petroleum-based and SAFs. The test method is applicable to aviation fuels conforming to Specification D1655.  
1.4 Appendix X2 indicates other additives that have been verified to not interfere with the analysis of this test method.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of compound types by mass spectrometry requires, in some instances, a preliminary separation of the petroleum sample into representative aromatics and nonaromatics fractions, as in Test Methods D2425, D2786, and D3239. This test method provides a suitable separation technique for this application.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the separation and determination of representative aromatics and nonaromatics fractions from hydrocarbon mixtures that boil between 232 °C and 538 °C (450 °F and 1000 °F). Alternative procedures are provided for the separation of 2 g or 10 g of hydrocarbon mixture.  
Note 1: Some components may not be eluted from the chromatographic column for some types of samples under the conditions used in this method.
Note 2: Test Method D2007 is an alternative method of separating high-boiling oils into polar compounds, aromatics, and saturates fractions.  
1.2 An alternative procedure is provided to handle samples boiling below 232 °C (450 °F), but whose 5 % point is above 178 °C (350 °F) as determined by Test Method D2887. This procedure is given in Appendix X1.  
1.3 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuels is a factor that can affect their cetane number and exhaust emissions.  
5.2 The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulates the aromatic content of diesel fuels. California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulations place limits on the total aromatics content and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel, thus requiring an appropriate analytical determination to ensure compliance with the regulations. Producers of diesel fuels will require similar determinations for process and quality control. This test method can be used to make such determinations.  
5.3 This test method is applicable to materials in the boiling range of motor diesel fuels and is unaffected by fuel coloration. Test Method D1319, which has been mandated by the USEPA for the determination of aromatics in motor diesel fuel, excludes materials with final boiling points greater than 315 °C (600 °F) from its scope. Test Method D2425 is applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel, but is much more costly and time consuming to perform.  
5.4 Results obtained by this test method have been shown to be statistically more precise than those obtained from Test Method D1319 for typical diesel fuels, and this test method has a shorter analysis time.3 Results from this test method for total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are also expected to be at least as precise as those of Test Method D2425.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total amounts of monoaromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in motor diesel fuels and blend stocks by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The range of aromatics concentration to which this test method is applicable is from 1 % to 75 % by mass. The range of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations to which this test method is applicable is from 0.5 % to 50 % by mass.  
1.2 This test method includes relative bias for Test Method D5186 versus Test Method D1319 and Test Method D6591 versus Test Method D5186 for diesel fuels. The applicable ranges of the correlation ranges are presented in the Relative Bias section. The correlations are applicable only in the stated ranges and only to diesel fuels.  
1.3 This test method and correlations were developed for diesel samples not containing biodiesel; the presence of biodiesel will interfere with the results. The correlation equations are only applicable between these concentration ranges and to diesel fuels that do not contain biodiesel.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate quantitative information on aromatic hydrocarbon types can be useful in determining the effects of petroleum processes on production of various finished fuels. This information can also be useful for indicating the quality of fuels and for assessing the relative combustion properties of finished fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-aromatic and di-aromatic hydrocarbon contents in aviation kerosenes and petroleum distillates boiling in the range from 50 °C to 300 °C, such as Jet A or Jet A-1 fuels. The total aromatic content is calculated from the sum of the individual aromatic hydrocarbon-types.  
Note 1: Samples with a final boiling point greater than 300 °C that contain tri-aromatic and higher polycyclic aromatic compounds are not determined by this test method and should be analyzed by Test Method D6591 or other suitable equivalent test methods.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to distillates containing from 0.8 % to 44.0 % by mass mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0.23 % to 6.20 % by mass di-aromatic hydrocarbons, and 0.7 % to 50 % by mass total aromatics. Although this method generates results in m/m, results may also be quoted in v/v.  
1.3 The precision of this test method has been established for kerosene boiling range distillates containing from 0.40 % to 44.0 % by mass mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0.02 % to 6.20 % by mass di-aromatic hydrocarbons, and 0.40 % to 50.0 % by mass total aromatics. If results are quoted in volume, the precision is 0.3 % to 41.4 % by volume mono-aromatics, 0.01 % to 5.00 % by volume di-aromatics, and 0.30 % to 46.3 % by volume total aromatics. As calculated by IP 367-1.  
1.4 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interferents.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method will allow the determination of static dissipater additive in jet and middle distillate. These additives reduce the hazardous effects of static electricity generated by transfer and movement of jet and middle distillate fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of static dissipater additive (SDA) content of aviation turbine fuel and middle distillate fuels.  
1.2 The precision of this test method has been established for aviation turbine fuel over the concentration range of 1 mg/L to 12 mg/L. Higher concentrations can be determined by dilution, but the precision of the test method will not apply.
Note 1: The SDA used to develop this test method was STADIS 4502 for aviation fuels and STADIS 450 and 4252 for middle distillates.  
1.3 The test method includes a procedure to concentrate the sulfonic acid component in the SDA prior to analysis.  
1.4 The test method only applies to SDAs that contain alkyl substituted sulfonic acid.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the total volume percent of saturates, olefins, and aromatics in petroleum fractions is important in characterizing the quality of petroleum fractions as gasoline blending components and as feeds to catalytic reforming processes. This information is also important in characterizing petroleum fractions and products from catalytic reforming and from thermal and catalytic cracking as blending components for motor and aviation fuels. This information is also important as a measure of the quality of fuels, such as specified in Specification D1655.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hydrocarbon types of total aromatics, total olefins, and total saturates in petroleum fractions that distill below 315 °C. Samples containing dark-colored components that interfere in reading the chromatographic bands cannot be analyzed.
Note 1: For the determination of olefins below 0.3 % by volume, other test methods are available, such as Test Method D2710.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products. Cooperative data have established that the precision statement does not apply to narrow boiling petroleum fractions near the 315 °C limit. Such samples are not eluted properly, and results are erratic.  
1.3 This test method is also applicable to automotive spark-ignition engine fuels which are gasolines with and without blended oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers (for example MTBE, ethanol) and where gasoline is the primary component by volume in the blend.  
1.4 The applicability of this test method to products derived from fossil fuels other than petroleum, such as coal, shale, or tar sands, has not been determined, and the precision statement may or may not apply to such products.  
1.5 This test method has two precision statements depicted in Table 3 and Table 4.  
1.5.1 Table 3 is applicable to fuels that do not contain oxygenated blending components over the test method concentration working ranges from 5 % to 99 % by volume aromatics, 1 % to 55 % by volume olefins, and 1 % to 95 % by volume saturates in petroleum fractions and with a final boiling point of  
1.5.2 Table 4 precision was derived from an ILS containing only blended oxygenated (for example, MTBE, ethanol) and non-oxygenated automotive spark-ignition engine fuels (gasolines) and is applicable only in the test method concentration working range of 13 % to 40 % by volume aromatics, 4 % to 33 % by volume olefins, and 45 % to 68 % by volume saturates.  
1.5.3 Non-oxygenated automotive spark-ignition engine fuels (gasolines) outside the inclusive valid test result reporting concentration ranges of Table 4 may use the precision in Table 3 and its applicable concentration ranges.  
1.6 The oxygenated blending components, methanol, ethanol, methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE),  tert-amylmethylether (TAME), and ethyl-tert-butylether (ETBE), do not interfere with the determination of hydrocarbon types at concentrations normally found in commercial blends. These oxygenated components are not detected since they elute with the alcohol desorbent. Other oxygenated compounds shall be individually verified. When samples containing oxygenated blending components are analyzed, correct the results to a total-sample basis.  
1.7 This test method includes a relative bias section based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D1319 and Test Method D5769 for total aromatics in spark-ignition engine fuels as a possible Test Method D1319 alternative to Test Method D5769 for U.S. EPA spark-ignition engine fuel regulations reporting. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for fuels in the total aromatic concentration range from 3.3 % to 34.4 % by volume as measured by Test Method D1319 and the distillation temperature T95, at which 95 % of the sample has evaporated, ranges from 149.1 °C to 196.6 °C (300.3 °F to 385.8 °F) when tested according to ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Gasoline-range olefinic hydrocarbons have been demonstrated to contribute to photochemical reactions in the atmosphere, which result in the formation of photochemical smog in susceptible urban areas.  
5.2 The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has specified a maximum allowable limit of total olefins in motor gasoline. This necessitates an appropriate analytical test method for determination of total olefins to be used both by regulators and producers.  
5.3 This test method compares favorably with Test Method D1319 (FIA) for the determination of total olefins in motor gasolines. It does not require any sample preparation, has a comparatively short analysis time of about 10 min, and is readily automated. Alternative methods for determination of olefins in gasoline include Test Methods D6839 and D6296.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total amount of olefins in blended motor gasolines and gasoline blending stocks by supercritical-fluid chromatography (SFC). Results are expressed in terms of mass percent olefins. The method working range is from expected concentration of 1 % by mass to expected concentration of 25 % by mass total olefins.  
1.2 This test method can be used for analysis of commercial gasolines, including those containing varying levels of oxygenates, such as methyl tert/butyl ether (MTBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), methyl tert/amyl ether (TAME), and ethanol, without interference.
Note 1: This test method has not been designed for the determination of the total amounts of saturates, aromatics, and oxygenates.  
1.3 This test method includes a relative bias section based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D6550 mass percent and Test Method D1319 volume percent for total olefins in spark-ignition engine fuels as a possible Test Method D6550 alternative to Test Method D1319 for U.S. EPA regulations reporting. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for test result range from 0.53 % to 26.88 % by mass as reported by Test Method D6550.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The aromatic hydrocarbon content of aviation turbine fuels is a factor that can affect their density, elastomer compatibility, system durability and exhaust emissions. The aromatic hydrocarbon content and the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon such as naphthalene content of aviation turbine fuels affect their combustion characteristics and smoke-forming tendencies. These properties are controlled by maximum aromatics and naphthalene content specifications for refined aviation turbine fuels (see Specification D1655) and by both minimum and maximum aromatic content, and maximum naphthalene content, for semi synthetic aviation turbine fuels (see Specification D7566).  
5.2 The Federal Aviation Administration regulates the aromatic content of aviation fuels, thus requiring an appropriate analytical determination to ensure compliance with the regulations. Producers of aviation fuels will require similar determinations for process and quality control. This test method can be used to make such determinations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the concentration of total aromatics, and total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in aviation turbine fuels and other kerosenes by supercritical fluid chromatography within the working range as listed below:    
Prop. (mass %)  
Method Working RangeA  
Valid Test Result RangeB  
PolyArom  
0.3017 to 3.443  
0.144 to 3.893  
Tot Arom  
0.2863 to 24.6256  
0.004 to 25.375  
1.2 This test method may also be used for the analyses of jet fuels, such as Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosenes (SPK) that contain not less than 0.29 % total aromatics by Test Method D2425.  
1.3 This test method includes correlations to test methods Test Method D1319 for total aromatics and to Test Method D1840 for total naphthalenes content.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel is a factor that can affect exhaust emissions and fuel combustion characteristics, as measured by cetane number.  
5.2 The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) regulates the aromatic content of diesel fuels. California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulations place limits on the total aromatics content and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel, thus requiring an appropriate analytical determination to ensure compliance with the regulations.  
5.3 This test method is applicable to materials in the same boiling range as motor diesel fuels and is unaffected by fuel coloration. Test Method D1319, which has been mandated by the US EPA for the determination of aromatics in motor diesel fuel, excludes materials with final boiling points greater than 315 °C (600 °F) from its scope. Test Method D2425 is applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel, but is much more costly and time consuming to perform. Test Method D5186, currently specified by CARB, is also applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel. Test Method D5186, however, specifies the use of supercritical fluid chromatography equipment that may not be readily available.
Note 2: Test Method D5186 was previously specified by CARB as an alternative to Test Method D1319.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-aromatic, di-aromatic, tri+-aromatic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents in diesel fuels and petroleum distillates boiling in the range from 150 °C to 400 °C. The total aromatic content in % m/m is calculated from the sum of the corresponding individual aromatic hydrocarbon types.
Note 1: Aviation fuels and petroleum distillates with a boiling point range from 50 °C to 300 °C are not determined by this test method and should be analyzed by Test Method D6379 or other suitable equivalent test methods.  
1.2 The precision of this test method has been established for diesel fuels and their blending components, containing from 4 % to 40 % (m/m) mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 % to 20 % (m/m) di-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 % to 6 % (m/m) tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 % to 26 % (m/m) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and 4 % to 65 % (m/m) total aromatic hydrocarbons.  
1.3 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interferents.  
1.4 By convention, this standard defines the aromatic hydrocarbon types on the basis of their elution characteristics from the specified liquid chromatography column relative to model aromatic compounds. Quantification is by external calibration using a single aromatic compound, which may or may not be representative of the aromatics in the sample, for each aromatic hydrocarbon type. Alternative techniques and methods may classify and quantify individual aromatic hydrocarbon types differently.  
1.5 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), if present, interfere with tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons. If this method is used for diesel containing FAME, the amount of tri+-aromatics will be over estimated.  
1.6 This test method includes a Relative Bias section for Test Method D6591 versus Test Method D1319 and Test Method D5186 versus Test Method D6591 for diesel fuels only. The applicable concentration ranges of the correlations are presented in the Relative Bias section. The correlations are applicable only in the stated ranges.  
1.7 This test method and correlations were developed for diesel samples not containing biodiesel; the presence of biodiesel will interfere with the results. The correlation equations are only applicable between these concentration ranges and to diesel fuels that do not ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1Â The composition of a lubricating oil has a large effect on the characteristicsand uses of the oil. The determination of saturates, aromatics, and polars is a key analysis of this composition. The characterization of the composition of lubricating oils is important in determining their interchangeability for use in blending etcetera.
SCOPE
1.1Â This test method covers the determination of total aromatics and total saturats in additive-free lube basestocks using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with refractive index (RI) detection. This test method is applicable to samples containing total saturates in the concentration range of 74.9 % to 100.0 % by mass and aromatics in the concentration range of 0.0 % to 25.1 % by mass. The precision is expressed in terms of the total saturates.  
1.1.1Â Polar comounds, if present, are combined with the total aromatics. Precision was determined for basestocks with polars content  
1.2Â This test method includes a relative bias section for total saturates in basestocks based n a Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D7419 and Test Method D2007. The derived correlation equation is only applicable for basestocks in the total saturates concentration range from 75.0 % to 100.0 % by mass as measured by Test Method D7419.  
1.2.1Â The applicable range for total saturates by Test Method D2007D2007.  
1.3Â The vlues stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4Â This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5Â This international standard was developed in accordnce with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of determining sulfonate content and of classifying and characterizing natural and synthetic petroleum sulfonate products by sulfonate content and average molecular weight. Purity of sodium sulfonate products is measured by basicity and inorganic salt contents and the reserve alkalinity of alkaline earth sulfonates by the total base number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of refined and crude natural and synthetic oil-soluble sulfonate products. Resins, if present, are recovered with the oil phase and carboxylates are recovered as sulfonates.  
1.2 This test method covers the determination of mineral oil, sodium sulfonate, inorganic salts, water, basicity or acidity, average molecular weight, and relative density of sodium sulfonate products.  
1.3 This test method covers the determination of mineral oil, sulfonate, water, base number, average molecular weight, and relative density of calcium, barium, magnesium, and ammonium sulfonate products.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The presence of pentane and lighter hydrocarbons in gasolines, naphthas, and similar petroleum distillates interferes in Test Method D2789. Pentane and lighter hydrocarbons are separated by this test method so that the depentanized residue can be analyzed and so the pentane and lighter hydrocarbons can be analyzed by other methods, if desired.  
4.2 Under the conditions specified in the test method some C5 and lighter hydrocarbons remain in the bottoms, and some C6 and heavier hydrocarbons carry over to the overhead. Expressed as volume percent of charge, the amounts are typically 2 % or less, which is considered adequate for the purpose designated under Scope. It should be recognized, however, that when expressed as volume percent of overhead or of bottoms the percentages can be higher, making this test method unsuitable for any purposes not designated under Scope.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the removal of pentanes and lighter hydrocarbons from gasolines, naphthas, and similar petroleum distillates to prepare samples suitable for the determination of hydrocarbon types in accordance with Test Method D2789. In addition, this test method determines the volume percent of bottoms remaining after depentanization.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Petroleum-based diesel may be blended with biodiesel. High levels of free glycerin in biodiesel can cause injector deposits (“gel effect”), as well as clogging fuel systems. High levels of unreacted glycerides can cause injector deposits and can adversely affect cold weather operation and filter plugging.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and describes an anion exchange chromatography procedure for determining free and total glycerin content of biodiesel (B100) and blends (B0 to B20) with diesel fuel oils defined by Specification D975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D and Specification D6751 (for B100 feedstocks). It is intended for the analysis of biodiesel and blend samples containing between 0.5 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg glycerin.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Specification D4177 provides a maximum permissible concentration (5.7 mg/L) of MDA in aviation turbine fuel. This test method will allow the quantification of MDA in aviation turbine fuels. The MDA additive is used for fuel thermal stability control and to reduce fuel degradation caused by the presence of trace metals (copper in particular) in aviation fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the metal deactivator additive (MDA) content of aviation turbine fuels. The specific MDA determined and used to develop this test method is N,N′-disalicylidene-1,2-propanediamine. Other MDAs have not been tested by this test method.  
1.1.1 This test method specifically covers the determination of uncomplexed MDA content in aviation turbine fuel. MDA is a chelator of divalent metal ions, and the MDA-metal ion complexed species content of aviation turbine fuel will not be accounted for by this test method.  
1.2 This test method is divided into two procedures: (1) Procedure A uses a semi-portable capillary-liquid chromatography system (Capillary-HPLC) that may be used in the field or laboratory; (2) Procedure B uses a standard laboratory version of liquid chromatography (Conventional-HPLC). Procedures A and B have separate precisions.  
1.3 The test method has an interim repeatability determined in accordance with Practice D6300. Based on the mean values of the samples used in the interim repeatability study, Procedure A is applicable in the range of 0.50 mg/mL to 10.0 mg/mL; the range for Procedure B is 0.60 mg/mL to 9.6 mg/mL. Higher concentrations can be determined by dilution, but the precision of the test method has not been determined.  
1.3.1 An extended interlaboratory study (ILS) will be conducted in the future to determine the full repeatability and reproducibility and the final applicable concentration ranges.  
1.3.2 The test method applies to MDA in petroleum-based aviation fuels and Synthetic Aviation Fuels (SAF). However, for the interim precision, a petroleum-based aviation fuel was used. Future ILS will include petroleum-based and SAFs. The test method is applicable to aviation fuels conforming to Specification D1655.  
1.4 Appendix X2 indicates other additives that have been verified to not interfere with the analysis of this test method.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate quantitative information on aromatic hydrocarbon types can be useful in determining the effects of petroleum processes on production of various finished fuels. This information can also be useful for indicating the quality of fuels and for assessing the relative combustion properties of finished fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-aromatic and di-aromatic hydrocarbon contents in aviation kerosenes and petroleum distillates boiling in the range from 50 °C to 300 °C, such as Jet A or Jet A-1 fuels. The total aromatic content is calculated from the sum of the individual aromatic hydrocarbon-types.  
Note 1: Samples with a final boiling point greater than 300 °C that contain tri-aromatic and higher polycyclic aromatic compounds are not determined by this test method and should be analyzed by Test Method D6591 or other suitable equivalent test methods.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to distillates containing from 0.8 % to 44.0 % by mass mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0.23 % to 6.20 % by mass di-aromatic hydrocarbons, and 0.7 % to 50 % by mass total aromatics. Although this method generates results in m/m, results may also be quoted in v/v.  
1.3 The precision of this test method has been established for kerosene boiling range distillates containing from 0.40 % to 44.0 % by mass mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0.02 % to 6.20 % by mass di-aromatic hydrocarbons, and 0.40 % to 50.0 % by mass total aromatics. If results are quoted in volume, the precision is 0.3 % to 41.4 % by volume mono-aromatics, 0.01 % to 5.00 % by volume di-aromatics, and 0.30 % to 46.3 % by volume total aromatics. As calculated by IP 367-1.  
1.4 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interferents.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the total volume percent of saturates, olefins, and aromatics in petroleum fractions is important in characterizing the quality of petroleum fractions as gasoline blending components and as feeds to catalytic reforming processes. This information is also important in characterizing petroleum fractions and products from catalytic reforming and from thermal and catalytic cracking as blending components for motor and aviation fuels. This information is also important as a measure of the quality of fuels, such as specified in Specification D1655.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hydrocarbon types of total aromatics, total olefins, and total saturates in petroleum fractions that distill below 315 °C. Samples containing dark-colored components that interfere in reading the chromatographic bands cannot be analyzed.
Note 1: For the determination of olefins below 0.3 % by volume, other test methods are available, such as Test Method D2710.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products. Cooperative data have established that the precision statement does not apply to narrow boiling petroleum fractions near the 315 °C limit. Such samples are not eluted properly, and results are erratic.  
1.3 This test method is also applicable to automotive spark-ignition engine fuels which are gasolines with and without blended oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers (for example MTBE, ethanol) and where gasoline is the primary component by volume in the blend.  
1.4 The applicability of this test method to products derived from fossil fuels other than petroleum, such as coal, shale, or tar sands, has not been determined, and the precision statement may or may not apply to such products.  
1.5 This test method has two precision statements depicted in Table 3 and Table 4.  
1.5.1 Table 3 is applicable to fuels that do not contain oxygenated blending components over the test method concentration working ranges from 5 % to 99 % by volume aromatics, 1 % to 55 % by volume olefins, and 1 % to 95 % by volume saturates in petroleum fractions and with a final boiling point of  
1.5.2 Table 4 precision was derived from an ILS containing only blended oxygenated (for example, MTBE, ethanol) and non-oxygenated automotive spark-ignition engine fuels (gasolines) and is applicable only in the test method concentration working range of 13 % to 40 % by volume aromatics, 4 % to 33 % by volume olefins, and 45 % to 68 % by volume saturates.  
1.5.3 Non-oxygenated automotive spark-ignition engine fuels (gasolines) outside the inclusive valid test result reporting concentration ranges of Table 4 may use the precision in Table 3 and its applicable concentration ranges.  
1.6 The oxygenated blending components, methanol, ethanol, methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE),  tert-amylmethylether (TAME), and ethyl-tert-butylether (ETBE), do not interfere with the determination of hydrocarbon types at concentrations normally found in commercial blends. These oxygenated components are not detected since they elute with the alcohol desorbent. Other oxygenated compounds shall be individually verified. When samples containing oxygenated blending components are analyzed, correct the results to a total-sample basis.  
1.7 This test method includes a relative bias section based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D1319 and Test Method D5769 for total aromatics in spark-ignition engine fuels as a possible Test Method D1319 alternative to Test Method D5769 for U.S. EPA spark-ignition engine fuel regulations reporting. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for fuels in the total aromatic concentration range from 3.3 % to 34.4 % by volume as measured by Test Method D1319 and the distillation temperature T95, at which 95 % of the sample has evaporated, ranges from 149.1 °C to 196.6 °C (300.3 °F to 385.8 °F) when tested according to ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuels is a factor that can affect their cetane number and exhaust emissions.  
5.2 The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulates the aromatic content of diesel fuels. California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulations place limits on the total aromatics content and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel, thus requiring an appropriate analytical determination to ensure compliance with the regulations. Producers of diesel fuels will require similar determinations for process and quality control. This test method can be used to make such determinations.  
5.3 This test method is applicable to materials in the boiling range of motor diesel fuels and is unaffected by fuel coloration. Test Method D1319, which has been mandated by the USEPA for the determination of aromatics in motor diesel fuel, excludes materials with final boiling points greater than 315 °C (600 °F) from its scope. Test Method D2425 is applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel, but is much more costly and time consuming to perform.  
5.4 Results obtained by this test method have been shown to be statistically more precise than those obtained from Test Method D1319 for typical diesel fuels, and this test method has a shorter analysis time.3 Results from this test method for total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are also expected to be at least as precise as those of Test Method D2425.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total amounts of monoaromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in motor diesel fuels and blend stocks by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The range of aromatics concentration to which this test method is applicable is from 1 % to 75 % by mass. The range of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations to which this test method is applicable is from 0.5 % to 50 % by mass.  
1.2 This test method includes relative bias for Test Method D5186 versus Test Method D1319 and Test Method D6591 versus Test Method D5186 for diesel fuels. The applicable ranges of the correlation ranges are presented in the Relative Bias section. The correlations are applicable only in the stated ranges and only to diesel fuels.  
1.3 This test method and correlations were developed for diesel samples not containing biodiesel; the presence of biodiesel will interfere with the results. The correlation equations are only applicable between these concentration ranges and to diesel fuels that do not contain biodiesel.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The composition of the oil included in rubber compounds has a large effect on the characteristics and uses of the compounds. The determination of the saturates, aromatics, and polar compounds is a key analysis of this composition.  
5.2 The determination of the saturates, aromatics, and polar compounds and further analysis of the fractions produced is often used as a research method to aid understanding of oil effects in rubber and other uses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for classifying oil samples of initial boiling point of at least 260 °C (500 °F) into the hydrocarbon types of polar compounds, aromatics and saturates, and recovery of representative fractions of these types. This classification is used for specification purposes in rubber extender and processing oils.  
Note 1: See Test Method D2226.  
1.2 This test method is not directly applicable to oils of greater than 0.1 % by mass pentane insolubles. Such oils can be analyzed after removal of these materials, but precision is degraded (see Appendix X1).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.1, Section 7, A1.4.1, and A1.5.5.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the total volume percent of saturates, olefins, and aromatics in petroleum fractions is important in characterizing the quality of petroleum fractions as gasoline blending components and as feeds to catalytic reforming processes. This information is also important in characterizing petroleum fractions and products from catalytic reforming and from thermal and catalytic cracking as blending components for motor and aviation fuels. This information is also important as a measure of the quality of fuels, such as specified in Specification D1655.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hydrocarbon types over the concentration ranges from 5 % to 99 % by volume aromatics, 0.3 % to 55 % by volume olefins, and 1 % to 95 % by volume saturates in petroleum fractions that distill below 315 °C. This test method may apply to concentrations outside these ranges, but the precision has not been determined. Samples containing dark-colored components that interfere in reading the chromatographic bands cannot be analyzed.
Note 1: For the determination of olefins below 0.3 % by volume, other test methods are available, such as Test Method D2710.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products. Cooperative data have established that the precision statement does not apply to narrow boiling petroleum fractions near the 315 °C limit. Such samples are not eluted properly, and results are erratic.  
1.3 This test method includes a relative bias section based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D1319 and Test Method D5769 for total aromatics in spark-ignition engine fuels as a possible Test Method D1319 alternative to Test Method D5769 for U.S. EPA spark-ignition engine fuel regulations reporting. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for fuels in the total aromatic concentration range from 3.3 % to 34.4 % by volume as measured by Test Method D1319 and the distillation temperature T95, at which 95 % of the sample has evaporated, ranges from 149.1 °C to 196.6 °C (300.3 °F to 385.8 °F) when tested according to Test Method D86.  
1.3.1 The applicable Test Method D5769 range for total aromatics is 3.7 % to 29.4 % by volume as reported by Test Method D5769 and the distillation temperature T95 values, at which 95 % of the sample has evaporated, when tested according to Test Method D86 is from 149.1 °C to 196.6 °C (300.3 °F to 385.8 °F).  
1.4 The applicability of this test method to products derived from fossil fuels other than petroleum, such as coal, shale, or tar sands, has not been determined, and the precision statement may or may not apply to such products.  
1.5 This test method has two precision statements depicted in tables. The first table is applicable to unleaded fuels that do not contain oxygenated blending components. It may or may not apply to automotive gasolines containing lead antiknock mixtures. The second table is applicable to oxygenate blended (for example, MTBE, ethanol) automotive spark ignition fuel samples with a concentration range of 13 % to 40 % by volume aromatics, 4 % to 33 % by volume olefins, and 45 % to 68 % by volume saturates.  
1.6 The oxygenated blending components, methanol, ethanol, methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE),  tert-amylmethylether (TAME), and ethyl-tert-butylether (ETBE), do not interfere with the determination of hydrocarbon types at concentrations normally found in commercial blends. These oxygenated components are not detected since they elute with the alcohol desorbent. Other oxygenated compounds shall be individually verified. When samples containing oxygenated blending components are analyzed, correct the results to a total-sample basis.  
1.7 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corros...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuels is a factor that can affect their cetane number and exhaust emissions.  
5.2 The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulates the aromatic content of diesel fuels. California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulations place limits on the total aromatics content and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel, thus requiring an appropriate analytical determination to ensure compliance with the regulations. Producers of diesel fuels will require similar determinations for process and quality control. This test method can be used to make such determinations.  
5.3 This test method is applicable to materials in the boiling range of motor diesel fuels and is unaffected by fuel coloration. Test Method D1319, which has been mandated by the USEPA for the determination of aromatics in motor diesel fuel, excludes materials with final boiling points greater than 315 °C (600 °F) from its scope. Test Method D2425 is applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel, but is much more costly and time consuming to perform.  
5.4 Results obtained by this test method have been shown to be statistically more precise than those obtained from Test Method D1319 for typical diesel fuels, and this test method has a shorter analysis time.3 Results from this test method for total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are also expected to be at least as precise as those of Test Method D2425.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total amounts of monoaromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in motor diesel fuels and blend stocks by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The range of aromatics concentration to which this test method is applicable is from 1 % to 75 % by mass. The range of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations to which this test method is applicable is from 0.5 % to 50 % by mass.  
1.2 This test method includes relative bias for Test Method D5186 versus Test Method D1319 and Test Method D6591 versus Test Method D5186 for diesel fuels. The applicable ranges of the correlation ranges are presented in the Relative Bias section. The correlations are applicable only in the stated ranges and only to diesel fuels.  
1.3 This test method and correlations were developed for diesel samples not containing biodiesel; the presence of biodiesel will interfere with the results. The correlation equations are only applicable between these concentration ranges and to diesel fuels that do not contain biodiesel.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate quantitative information on aromatic hydrocarbon types can be useful in determining the effects of petroleum processes on production of various finished fuels. This information can also be useful for indicating the quality of fuels and for assessing the relative combustion properties of finished fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-aromatic and di-aromatic hydrocarbon contents in aviation kerosenes and petroleum distillates boiling in the range from 50 °C to 300 °C, such as Jet A or Jet A-1 fuels. The total aromatic content is calculated from the sum of the individual aromatic hydrocarbon-types.  
Note 1: Samples with a final boiling point greater than 300 °C that contain tri-aromatic and higher polycyclic aromatic compounds are not determined by this test method and should be analyzed by Test Method D6591 or other suitable equivalent test methods.  
1.2 This test method is calibrated for distillates containing from 10 %to 25 % m/m mono-aromatic hydrocarbons and from 0 % to 7 % m/m di-aromatic hydrocarbons.  
1.3 The precision of this test method has been established for kerosene boiling range distillates containing from 10 % to 25 % m/m mono-aromatic hydrocarbons and from 0 % to 7 % m/m di-aromatic hydrocarbons.  
1.4 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interferents.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the total volume percent of saturates, olefins, and aromatics in petroleum fractions is important in characterizing the quality of petroleum fractions as gasoline blending components and as feeds to catalytic reforming processes. This information is also important in characterizing petroleum fractions and products from catalytic reforming and from thermal and catalytic cracking as blending components for motor and aviation fuels. This information is also important as a measure of the quality of fuels, such as specified in Specification D1655.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hydrocarbon types over the concentration ranges from 5 % to 99 % by volume aromatics, 0.3 % to 55 % by volume olefins, and 1 % to 95 % by volume saturates in petroleum fractions that distill below 315 °C. This test method may apply to concentrations outside these ranges, but the precision has not been determined. Samples containing dark-colored components that interfere in reading the chromatographic bands cannot be analyzed.
Note 1: For the determination of olefins below 0.3 % by volume, other test methods are available, such as Test Method D2710.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products. Cooperative data have established that the precision statement does not apply to narrow boiling petroleum fractions near the 315 °C limit. Such samples are not eluted properly, and results are erratic.  
1.3 This test method includes a relative bias section based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D1319 and Test Method D5769 for total aromatics in spark-ignition engine fuels as a possible Test Method D1319 alternative to Test Method D5769 for U.S. EPA spark-ignition engine fuel regulations reporting. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for fuels in the total aromatic concentration range from 3.3 % to 34.4 % by volume as measured by Test Method D1319 and the distillation temperature T95, at which 95 % of the sample has evaporated, ranges from 149.1 °C to 196.6 °C (300.3 °F to 385.8 °F) when tested according to Test Method D86.  
1.3.1 The applicable Test Method D5769 range for total aromatics is 3.7 % to 29.4 % by volume as reported by Test Method D5769 and the distillation temperature T95 values, at which 95 % of the sample has evaporated, when tested according to Test Method D86 is from 149.1 °C to 196.6 °C (300.3 °F to 385.8 °F).  
1.4 The applicability of this test method to products derived from fossil fuels other than petroleum, such as coal, shale, or tar sands, has not been determined, and the precision statement may or may not apply to such products.  
1.5 This test method has two precision statements depicted in tables. The first table is applicable to unleaded fuels that do not contain oxygenated blending components. It may or may not apply to automotive gasolines containing lead antiknock mixtures. The second table is applicable to oxygenate blended (for example, MTBE, ethanol) automotive spark ignition fuel samples with a concentration range of 13 % to 40 % by volume aromatics, 4 % to 33 % by volume olefins, and 45 % to 68 % by volume saturates.  
1.6 The oxygenated blending components, methanol, ethanol, methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE),  tert-amylmethylether (TAME), and ethyl-tert-butylether (ETBE), do not interfere with the determination of hydrocarbon types at concentrations normally found in commercial blends. These oxygenated components are not detected since they elute with the alcohol desorbent. Other oxygenated compounds shall be individually verified. When samples containing oxygenated blending components are analyzed, correct the results to a total-sample basis.  
1.7 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corros...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel is a factor that can affect exhaust emissions and fuel combustion characteristics, as measured by cetane number.  
5.2 The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) regulates the aromatic content of diesel fuels. California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulations place limits on the total aromatics content and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel, thus requiring an appropriate analytical determination to ensure compliance with the regulations.  
5.3 This test method is applicable to materials in the same boiling range as motor diesel fuels and is unaffected by fuel coloration. Test Method D1319, which has been mandated by the US EPA for the determination of aromatics in motor diesel fuel, excludes materials with final boiling points greater than 315 °C (600 °F) from its scope. Test Method D2425 is applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel, but is much more costly and time-consuming to perform. Test Method D5186, currently specified by CARB, is also applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel. Test Method D5186, however, specifies the use of supercritical fluid chromatography equipment that may not be readily available.
Note 2: Test Method D5186 was previously specified by CARB as an alternative to Test Method D1319.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-aromatic, di-aromatic, tri+-aromatic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents in diesel fuels and petroleum distillates boiling in the range from 150 °C to 400 °C. The total aromatic content in % m/m is calculated from the sum of the corresponding individual aromatic hydrocarbon types.
Note 1: Aviation fuels and petroleum distillates with a boiling point range from 50 °C to 300 °C are not determined by this test method and should be analyzed by Test Method, D6379 or other suitable equivalent test methods.  
1.2 The precision of this test method has been established for diesel fuels and their blending components, containing from 4 % to 40 % (m/m) mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 % to 20 % (m/m) di-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 % to 6 % (m/m) tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 % to 26 % (m/m) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and 4 % to 65 % (m/m) total aromatic hydrocarbons.  
1.3 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interferents.  
1.4 By convention, this standard defines the aromatic hydrocarbon types on the basis of their elution characteristics from the specified liquid chromatography column relative to model aromatic compounds. Quantification is by external calibration using a single aromatic compound, which may or may not be representative of the aromatics in the sample, for each aromatic hydrocarbon type. Alternative techniques and methods may classify and quantify individual aromatic hydrocarbon types differently.  
1.5 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), if present, interfere with tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons. If this method is used for diesel containing FAME, the amount of tri+-aromatics will be over estimated.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of compound types by mass spectrometry requires, in some instances, a preliminary separation of the petroleum sample into representative aromatics and nonaromatics fractions, as in Test Methods D2425, D2786, and D3239. This test method provides a suitable separation technique for this application.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the separation and determination of representative aromatics and nonaromatics fractions from hydrocarbon mixtures that boil between 232 °C and 538 °C (450 °F and 1000 °F). Alternative procedures are provided for the separation of 2 g or 10 g of hydrocarbon mixture.  
Note 1: Some components may not be eluted from the chromatographic column for some types of samples under the conditions used in this method.
Note 2: Test Method D2007 is an alternative method of separating high-boiling oils into polar compounds, aromatics, and saturates fractions.  
1.2 An alternative procedure is provided to handle samples boiling below 232 °C (450 °F), but whose 5 % point is above 178 °C (350 °F) as determined by Test Method D2887. This procedure is given in Appendix X1.  
1.3 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of determining sulfonate content and of classifying and characterizing natural and synthetic petroleum sulfonate products by sulfonate content and average molecular weight. Purity of sodium sulfonate products is measured by basicity and inorganic salt contents and the reserve alkalinity of alkaline earth sulfonates by the total base number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of refined and crude natural and synthetic oil-soluble sulfonate products. Resins, if present, are recovered with the oil phase and carboxylates are recovered as sulfonates.  
1.2 This test method covers the determination of mineral oil, sodium sulfonate, inorganic salts, water, basicity or acidity, average molecular weight, and relative density of sodium sulfonate products.  
1.3 This test method covers the determination of mineral oil, sulfonate, water, base number, average molecular weight, and relative density of calcium, barium, magnesium, and ammonium sulfonate products.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel is a factor that can affect exhaust emissions and fuel combustion characteristics, as measured by cetane number.  
5.2 The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) regulates the aromatic content of diesel fuels. California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulations place limits on the total aromatics content and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel, thus requiring an appropriate analytical determination to ensure compliance with the regulations.  
5.3 This test method is applicable to materials in the same boiling range as motor diesel fuels and is unaffected by fuel coloration. Test Method D1319, which has been mandated by the US EPA for the determination of aromatics in motor diesel fuel, excludes materials with final boiling points greater than 315 °C (600 °F) from its scope. Test Method D2425 is applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel, but is much more costly and time-consuming to perform. Test Method D5186, currently specified by CARB, is also applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel. Test Method D5186, however, specifies the use of supercritical fluid chromatography equipment that may not be readily available.
Note 2: Test Method D5186 was previously specified by CARB as an alternative to Test Method D1319.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-aromatic, di-aromatic, tri+-aromatic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents in diesel fuels and petroleum distillates boiling in the range from 150 °C to 400 °C. The total aromatic content in % m/m is calculated from the sum of the corresponding individual aromatic hydrocarbon types.
Note 1: Aviation fuels and petroleum distillates with a boiling point range from 50 °C to 300 °C are not determined by this test method and should be analyzed by Test Method, D6379 or other suitable equivalent test methods.  
1.2 The precision of this test method has been established for diesel fuels and their blending components, containing from 4 % to 40 % (m/m) mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 % to 20 % (m/m) di-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 % to 6 % (m/m) tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 % to 26 % (m/m) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and 4 % to 65 % (m/m) total aromatic hydrocarbons.  
1.3 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interferents.  
1.4 By convention, this standard defines the aromatic hydrocarbon types on the basis of their elution characteristics from the specified liquid chromatography column relative to model aromatic compounds. Quantification is by external calibration using a single aromatic compound, which may or may not be representative of the aromatics in the sample, for each aromatic hydrocarbon type. Alternative techniques and methods may classify and quantify individual aromatic hydrocarbon types differently.  
1.5 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), if present, interfere with tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons. If this method is used for diesel containing FAME, the amount of tri+-aromatics will be over estimated.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) C...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The composition of the oil included in rubber compounds has a large effect on the characteristics and uses of the compounds. The determination of the saturates, aromatics, and polar compounds is a key analysis of this composition.  
5.2 The determination of the saturates, aromatics, and polar compounds and further analysis of the fractions produced is often used as a research method to aid understanding of oil effects in rubber and other uses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for classifying oil samples of initial boiling point of at least 260 °C (500 °F) into the hydrocarbon types of polar compounds, aromatics and saturates, and recovery of representative fractions of these types. This classification is used for specification purposes in rubber extender and processing oils.  
Note 1: See Test Method D2226.  
1.2 This test method is not directly applicable to oils of greater than 0.1 % by mass pentane insolubles. Such oils can be analyzed after removal of these materials, but precision is degraded (see Appendix X1).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.1, Section 7, A1.4.1, and A1.5.5.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the total volume percent of saturates, olefins, and aromatics in petroleum fractions is important in characterizing the quality of petroleum fractions as gasoline blending components and as feeds to catalytic reforming processes. This information is also important in characterizing petroleum fractions and products from catalytic reforming and from thermal and catalytic cracking as blending components for motor and aviation fuels. This information is also important as a measure of the quality of fuels, such as specified in Specification D1655.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hydrocarbon types over the concentration ranges from 5 to 99 volume % aromatics, 0.3 to 55 volume % olefins, and 1 to 95 volume % saturates in petroleum fractions that distill below 315 °C. This test method may apply to concentrations outside these ranges, but the precision has not been determined. Samples containing dark-colored components that interfere in reading the chromatographic bands cannot be analyzed.
Note 1: For the determination of olefins below 0.3 volume %, other test methods are available, such as Test Method D2710.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products. Cooperative data have established that the precision statement does not apply to narrow boiling petroleum fractions near the 315 °C limit. Such samples are not eluted properly, and results are erratic.  
1.3 This test method includes a relative bias section based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D1319 and Test Method D5769 for total aromatics in spark-ignition engine fuels as a possible Test Method D1319 alternative to Test Method D5769 for U.S. EPA spark-ignition engine fuel regulations reporting. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for fuels in the total aromatic concentration range from 3.3 % to 34.4 % by volume as measured by Test Method D1319 and the distillation temperature T95, at which 95 % of the sample has evaporated, ranges from 149.1 °C to 196.6 °C (300.3 °F to 385.8 °F) when tested according to Test Method D86.  
1.3.1 The applicable Test Method D5769 range for total aromatics is 3.7 % to 29.4 % by volume as reported by Test Method D5769 and the distillation temperature T95 values, at which 95 % of the sample has evaporated, when tested according to Test Method D86 is from 149.1 °C to 196.6 °C (300.3 °F to 385.8 °F).  
1.4 The applicability of this test method to products derived from fossil fuels other than petroleum, such as coal, shale, or tar sands, has not been determined, and the precision statement may or may not apply to such products.  
1.5 This test method has two precision statements depicted in tables. The first table is applicable to unleaded fuels that do not contain oxygenated blending components. It may or may not apply to automotive gasolines containing lead antiknock mixtures. The second table is applicable to oxygenate blended (for example, MTBE, ethanol) automotive spark ignition fuel samples with a concentration range of 13 to 40 volume percent aromatics, 4 to 33 volume percent olefins, and 45 to 68 volume percent saturates.  
1.6 The oxygenated blending components, methanol, ethanol, methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE),  tert-amylmethylether (TAME), and ethyl-tert-butylether (ETBE), do not interfere with the determination of hydrocarbon types at concentrations normally found in commercial blends. These oxygenated components are not detected since they elute with the alcohol desorbent. Other oxygenated compounds shall be individually verified. When samples containing oxygenated blending components are analyzed, correct the results to a total-sample basis.  
1.7 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to mater...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Gasoline-range olefinic hydrocarbons have been demonstrated to contribute to photochemical reactions in the atmosphere, which result in the formation of photochemical smog in susceptible urban areas.  
5.2 The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has specified a maximum allowable limit of total olefins in motor gasoline. This necessitates an appropriate analytical test method for determination of total olefins to be used both by regulators and producers.  
5.3 This test method compares favorably with Test Method D1319 (FIA) for the determination of total olefins in motor gasolines. It does not require any sample preparation, has a comparatively short analysis time of about 10 min, and is readily automated. Alternative methods for determination of olefins in gasoline include Test Methods D6839 and D6296.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total amount of olefins in blended motor gasolines and gasoline blending stocks by supercritical-fluid chromatography (SFC). Results are expressed in terms of mass % olefins. The application range is from 1 mass % to 25 mass % total olefins.  
1.2 This test method can be used for analysis of commercial gasolines, including those containing varying levels of oxygenates, such as methyl tert/butyl ether (MTBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), methyl tert/amyl ether (TAME), and ethanol, without interference.
Note 1: This test method has not been designed for the determination of the total amounts of saturates, aromatics, and oxygenates.  
1.3 This test method includes a relative bias section based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D6550 and Test Method D1319 for total olefins in spark-ignition engine fuels as a possible Test Method D6550 alternative to Test Method D1319 for U.S. EPA regulations reporting. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for fuels in the concentration range from 0.2 % to 26.2 % by mass as reported by Test Method D6550. The applicable Test Method D1319 concentration range for total olefins is 0.2 % to 27.7 % by volume as reported by Test Method D1319.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method will allow the determination of static dissipater additive in jet and middle distillate. These additives reduce the hazardous effects of static electricity generated by transfer and movement of jet and middle distillate fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of static dissipater additive (SDA) content of aviation turbine fuel and middle distillate fuels.  
1.2 The precision of this test method has been established for aviation turbine fuel over the concentration range of 1 mg/L to 12 mg/L. Higher concentrations can be determined by dilution, but the precision of the test method will not apply.
Note 1: The SDA used to develop this test method was STADIS 4502 for aviation fuels and STADIS 450 and 4252 for middle distillates.  
1.3 The test method includes a procedure to concentrate the sulfonic acid component in the SDA prior to analysis.  
1.4 The test method only applies to SDAs that contain alkyl substituted sulfonic acid.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuels is a factor that can affect their cetane number and exhaust emissions. The aromatic hydrocarbon content and the naphthalenes content of aviation turbine fuels affect their combustion characteristics and smoke-forming tendencies. These properties represent specifications for aviation turbine fuels (see Specification D1655).  
5.2 The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulates the aromatic content of diesel fuels. California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulations place limits on the total aromatics content and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel, thus requiring an appropriate analytical determination to ensure compliance with the regulations. Producers of diesel fuels will require similar determinations for process and quality control. This test method can be used to make such determinations.  
5.3 This test method is applicable to materials in the boiling range of motor diesel fuels and is unaffected by fuel coloration. Test Method D1319, which has been mandated by the USEPA for the determination of aromatics in motor diesel fuel, excludes materials with final boiling points greater than 315 °C (600 °F) from its scope. Test Method D2425 is applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel, but is much more costly and time-consuming to perform.  
5.4 Results obtained by this test method have been shown to be statistically more precise than those obtained from Test Method D1319 for typical diesel fuels, and this test method has a shorter analysis time.3 Cooperative study data4 have found this test method to be more precise than the published precision of Test Method D1319 when applied to aviation turbine fuels and diesel fuels. Results from this test method for total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are also expected to be at least as precise as those of Test Method D2425.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total amounts of monoaromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in motor diesel fuels, aviation turbine fuels, and blend stocks by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The range of aromatics concentration to which this test method is applicable is from 1 to 75 mass %. The range of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations to which this test method is applicable is from 0.5 to 50 mass %.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Gasoline-range olefinic hydrocarbons have been demonstrated to contribute to photochemical reactions in the atmosphere, which result in the formation of photochemical smog in susceptible urban areas.  
5.2 The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has specified a maximum allowable limit of total olefins in motor gasoline. This necessitates an appropriate analytical test method for determination of total olefins to be used both by regulators and producers.  
5.3 This test method compares favorably with Test Method D1319 (FIA) for the determination of total olefins in motor gasolines. It does not require any sample preparation, has a comparatively short analysis time of about 10 min, and is readily automated. Alternative methods for determination of olefins in gasoline include Test Methods D6839 and D6296.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total amount of olefins in blended motor gasolines and gasoline blending stocks by supercritical-fluid chromatography (SFC). Results are expressed in terms of mass % olefins. The application range is from 1 mass % to 25 mass % total olefins.  
1.2 This test method can be used for analysis of commercial gasolines, including those containing varying levels of oxygenates, such as methyl tert/butyl ether (MTBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), methyl tert/amyl ether (TAME), and ethanol, without interference.
Note 1: This test method has not been designed for the determination of the total amounts of saturates, aromatics, and oxygenates.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the total volume % of saturates, olefins, and aromatics in petroleum fractions is important in characterizing the quality of petroleum fractions as gasoline blending components and as feeds to catalytic reforming processes. This information is also important in characterizing petroleum fractions and products from catalytic reforming and from thermal and catalytic cracking as blending components for motor and aviation fuels. This information is also important as a measure of the quality of fuels, such as specified in Specification D1655.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hydrocarbon types over the concentration ranges from 5 to 99 volume % aromatics, 0.3 to 55 volume % olefins, and 1 to 95 volume % saturates in petroleum fractions that distill below 315°C. This test method may apply to concentrations outside these ranges, but the precision has not been determined. Samples containing dark-colored components that interfere in reading the chromatographic bands cannot be analyzed.
Note 1: For the determination of olefins below 0.3 volume %, other test methods are available, such as Test Method D2710.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products. Cooperative data have established that the precision statement does not apply to narrow boiling petroleum fractions near the 315°C limit. Such samples are not eluted properly, and results are erratic.  
1.3 The applicability of this test method to products derived from fossil fuels other than petroleum, such as coal, shale, or tar sands, has not been determined, and the precision statement may or may not apply to such products.  
1.4 This test method has two precision statements depicted in tables. The first table is applicable to unleaded fuels that do not contain oxygenated blending components. It may or may not apply to automotive gasolines containing lead antiknock mixtures. The second table is applicable to oxygenate blended (for example, MTBE, ethanol) automotive spark ignition fuel samples with a concentration range of 13–40 volume percent aromatics, 4–33 volume percent olefins, and 45–68 volume percent saturates.  
1.5 The oxygenated blending components, methanol, ethanol, methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE),  tert-amylmethylether (TAME), and ethyl-tert-butylether (ETBE), do not interfere with the determination of hydrocarbon types at concentrations normally found in commercial blends. These oxygenated components are not detected since they elute with the alcohol desorbent. Other oxygenated compounds shall be individually verified. When samples containing oxygenated blending components are analyzed, correct the results to a total-sample basis.  
1.6 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7, 8.1, and 10.5.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the total volume % of saturates, olefins, and aromatics in petroleum fractions is important in characterizing the quality of petroleum fractions as gasoline blending components and as feeds to catalytic reforming processes. This information is also important in characterizing petroleum fractions and products from catalytic reforming and from thermal and catalytic cracking as blending components for motor and aviation fuels. This information is also important as a measure of the quality of fuels, such as specified in Specification D1655.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hydrocarbon types over the concentration ranges from 5 to 99 volume % aromatics, 0.3 to 55 volume % olefins, and 1 to 95 volume % saturates in petroleum fractions that distill below 315°C. This test method may apply to concentrations outside these ranges, but the precision has not been determined. Samples containing dark-colored components that interfere in reading the chromatographic bands cannot be analyzed.Note 1—For the determination of olefins below 0.3 volume %, other test methods are available, such as Test Method D2710.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products. Cooperative data have established that the precision statement does not apply to narrow boiling petroleum fractions near the 315°C limit. Such samples are not eluted properly, and results are erratic.  
1.3 The applicability of this test method to products derived from fossil fuels other than petroleum, such as coal, shale, or tar sands, has not been determined, and the precision statement may or may not apply to such products.  
1.4 This test method has two precision statements depicted in tables. The first table is applicable to unleaded fuels that do not contain oxygenated blending components. It may or may not apply to automotive gasolines containing lead antiknock mixtures. The second table is applicable to oxygenate blended (for example, MTBE, ethanol) automotive spark ignition fuel samples with a concentration range of 13–40 volume percent aromatics, 4–33 volume percent olefins, and 45–68 volume percent saturates.  
1.5 The oxygenated blending components, methanol, ethanol, methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE),  tert-amylmethylether (TAME), and ethyl-tert-butylether (ETBE), do not interfere with the determination of hydrocarbon types at concentrations normally found in commercial blends. These oxygenated components are not detected since they elute with the alcohol desorbent. Other oxygenated compounds shall be individually verified. When samples containing oxygenated blending components are analyzed, correct the results to a total-sample basis.  
1.6 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7, 8.1, and 10.5.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The composition of a lubricating oil has a large effect on the characteristics and uses of the oil. The determination of saturates, aromatics and polars is a key analysis of this composition. The characterization of the composition of lubricating oils is important in determining their interchangeability for use in blending etcetera.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total aromatics and total saturates in additive-free lube basestocks using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with refractive index (RI) detection. This test method is applicable to samples containing total aromatics in the concentration range of 0.2 to 46 mass %.  
1.1.1 Polar compounds, if present, are combined with the total aromatics. Precision was determined for basestocks with polars content  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The presence of pentane and lighter hydrocarbons in gasolines, naphthas, and similar petroleum distillates interferes in Test Method D2789. Pentane and lighter hydrocarbons are separated by this test method so that the depentanized residue can be analyzed and so the pentane and lighter hydrocarbons can be analyzed by other methods, if desired.  
4.2 Under the conditions specified in the test method some C5 and lighter hydrocarbons remain in the bottoms, and some C6 and heavier hydrocarbons carry over to the overhead. Expressed as volume percent of charge, the amounts are typically 2 % or less, which is considered adequate for the purpose designated under Scope. It should be recognized, however, that when expressed as volume percent of overhead or of bottoms the percentages can be higher, making this test method unsuitable for any purposes not designated under Scope.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the removal of pentanes and lighter hydrocarbons from gasolines, naphthas, and similar petroleum distillates to prepare samples suitable for the determination of hydrocarbon types in accordance with Test Method D2789. In addition, this test method determines the volume percent of bottoms remaining after depentanization.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The determination of compound types by mass spectrometry requires, in some instances, a preliminary separation of the petroleum sample into representative aromatics and nonaromatics fractions, as in Test Methods D2425, D2786, and D3239. This test method provides a suitable separation technique for this application.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the separation and determination of representative aromatics and nonaromatics fractions from hydrocarbon mixtures that boil between 232 and 538°C (450 and 1000°F). Alternative procedures are provided for the separation of 2 g or 10 g of hydrocarbon mixture.
Note 1—Some components may not be eluted from the chromatographic column for some types of samples under the conditions used in this method.
Note 2—Test Method D2007 is an alternative method of separating high-boiling oils into polar compounds, aromatics, and saturates fractions.  
1.2 An alternative procedure is provided to handle samples boiling below 232°C (450°F), but whose 5 % point is above 178°C (350°F) as determined by Test Method D2887. This procedure is given in Appendix X1.
1.3 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and heal practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Petroleum-based diesel may be blended with biodiesel. High levels of free glycerin in biodiesel can cause injector deposits (“gel effect”), as well as clogging fuel systems. High levels of unreacted glycerides can cause injector deposits and can adversely affect cold weather operation and filter plugging.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and describes an anion exchange chromatography procedure for determining free and total glycerin content of biodiesel (B100) and blends (B0 to B20) with diesel fuel oils defined by Specification D975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D and Specification D6751 (for B100 feedstocks). It is intended for the analysis of biodiesel and blend samples containing between 0.5 to 50 mg/kg glycerin.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel is a factor that can affect exhaust emissions and fuel combustion characteristics, as measured by cetane number.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) regulates the aromatic content of diesel fuels. California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulations place limits on the total aromatics content and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel, thus requiring an appropriate analytical determination to ensure compliance with the regulations.
This test method is applicable to materials in the same boiling range as motor diesel fuels and is unaffected by fuel coloration. Test Method D1319, which has been mandated by the US EPA for the determination of aromatics in motor diesel fuel, excludes materials with final boiling points greater than 315°C (600°F) from its scope. Test Method D2425 is applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel, but is much more costly and time-consuming to perform. Test Method D5186, currently specified by CARB, is also applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel. Test Method D5186, however, specifies the use of supercritical fluid chromatography equipment that may not be readily available.
Note 2—Test Method D5186 was previously specified by CARB as an alternative to Test Method D1319.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-aromatic, di-aromatic, tri+-aromatic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents in diesel fuels and petroleum distillates boiling in the range from 150 to 400°C. The total aromatic content in % m/m is calculated from the sum of the corresponding individual aromatic hydrocarbon types.
Note 1—Aviation fuels and petroleum distillates with a boiling point range from 50 to 300°C are not determined by this test method and should be analyzed by Test Method, D6379 or other suitable equivalent test methods.
1.2 The precision of this test method has been established for diesel fuels and their blending components, containing from 4 to 40 % (m/m) mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 to 20 % (m/m) di-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 to 6 % (m/m) tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 to 26 % (m/m) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and 4 to 65 % (m/m) total aromatic hydrocarbons.
1.3 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interferents.
1.4 By convention, this standard defines the aromatic hydrocarbon types on the basis of their elution characteristics from the specified liquid chromatography column relative to model aromatic compounds. Quantification is by external calibration using a single aromatic compound, which may or may not be representative of the aromatics in the sample, for each aromatic hydrocarbon type. Alternative techniques and methods may classify and quantify individual aromatic hydrocarbon types differently.
1.5 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), if present, interfere with tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons. If this method is used for diesel containing FAME, the amount of tri+-aromatics will be over estimated.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Accurate quantitative information on aromatic hydrocarbon types can be useful in determining the effects of petroleum processes on production of various finished fuels. This information can also be useful for indicating the quality of fuels and for assessing the relative combustion properties of finished fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-aromatic and di-aromatic hydrocarbon contents in aviation kerosines and petroleum distillates boiling in the range from 50 to 300°C, such as Jet A or Jet A-1 fuels. The total aromatic content is calculated from the sum of the individual aromatic hydrocarbon-types.  
Note 1—Samples with a final boiling point greater than 300°C that contain tri-aromatic and higher polycyclic aromatic compounds are not determined by this test method and should be analyzed by Test Method D6591 or other suitable equivalent test methods.
1.2 This test method is calibrated for distillates containing from 10 to 25 % m/m mono-aromatic hydrocarbons and from 0 to 7 % m/m di-aromatic hydrocarbons.
1.3 The precision of this test method has been established for kerosine boiling range distillates containing from 10 to 25 % m/m mono-aromatic hydrocarbons and from 0 to 7 % m/m di-aromatic hydrocarbons.  
1.4 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interferents.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The composition of the oil included in rubber compounds has a large effect on the characteristics and uses of the compounds. The determination of the saturates, aromatics, and polar compounds is a key analysis of this composition.
The determination of the saturates, aromatics, and polar compounds and further analysis of the fractions produced is often used as a research method to aid understanding of oil effects in rubber and other uses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for classifying oil samples of initial boiling point of at least 260°C (500°F) into the hydrocarbon types of polar compounds, aromatics and saturates, and recovery of representative fractions of these types. This classification is used for specification purposes in rubber extender and processing oils.
Note 1—See Test Method D2226.  
1.2 This test method is not directly applicable to oils of greater than 0.1 mass % pentane insolubles. Such oils can be analyzed after removal of these materials, but precision is degraded (see Appendix X1).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.1, Section 7, A1.4.1, and A1.5.5.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a means of determining sulfonate content and of classifying and characterizing natural and synthetic petroleum sulfonate products by sulfonate content and average molecular weight. Purity of sodium sulfonate products is measured by basicity and inorganic salt contents and the reserve alkalinity of alkaline earth sulfonates by the total base number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of refined and crude natural and synthetic oil-soluble sulfonate products. Resins, if present, are recovered with the oil phase and carboxylates are recovered as sulfonates.
1.2 This test method covers the determination of mineral oil, sodium sulfonate, inorganic salts, water, basicity or acidity, average molecular weight, and relative density of sodium sulfonate products.
1.3 This test method covers the determination of mineral oil, sulfonate, water, base number, average molecular weight, and relative density of calcium, barium, magnesium, and ammonium sulfonate products.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Gasoline-range olefinic hydrocarbons have been demonstrated to contribute to photochemical reactions in the atmosphere, which result in the formation of photochemical smog in susceptible urban areas.  
The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has specified a maximum allowable limit of total olefins in motor gasoline. This necessitates an appropriate analytical test method for determination of total olefins to be used both by regulators and producers.
This test method compares favorably with Test Method D1319 (FIA) for the determination of total olefins in motor gasolines. It does not require any sample preparation, has a comparatively short analysis time of about 10 min, and is readily automated. Alternative methods for determination of olefins in gasoline include Test Methods D6839 and D6296.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total amount of olefins in blended motor gasolines and gasoline blending stocks by supercritical-fluid chromatography (SFC). Results are expressed in terms of mass % olefins. The application range is from 1 to 25 mass % total olefins.
1.2 This test method can be used for analysis of commercial gasolines, including those containing varying levels of oxygenates, such as methyl tert/butyl ether (MTBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), methyl tert/amyl ether (TAME), and ethanol, without interference.
Note 1—This test method has not been designed for the determination of the total amounts of saturates, aromatics, and oxygenates.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The determination of the total volume % of saturates, olefins, and aromatics in petroleum fractions is important in characterizing the quality of petroleum fractions as gasoline blending components and as feeds to catalytic reforming processes. This information is also important in characterizing petroleum fractions and products from catalytic reforming and from thermal and catalytic cracking as blending components for motor and aviation fuels. This information is also important as a measure of the quality of fuels, such as specified in Specification D1655.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hydrocarbon types over the concentration ranges from 5 to 99 volume % aromatics, 0.3 to 55 volume % olefins, and 1 to 95 volume % saturates in petroleum fractions that distill below 315°C. This test method may apply to concentrations outside these ranges, but the precision has not been determined. Samples containing dark-colored components that interfere in reading the chromatographic bands cannot be analyzed.
Note 1—For the determination of olefins below 0.3 volume %, other test methods are available, such as Test Method D2710.
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products. Cooperative data have established that the precision statement does not apply to narrow boiling petroleum fractions near the 315°C limit. Such samples are not eluted properly, and results are erratic.
1.3 The applicability of this test method to products derived from fossil fuels other than petroleum, such as coal, shale, or tar sands, has not been determined, and the precision statement may or may not apply to such products.
1.4 This test method has two precision statements depicted in tables. The first table is applicable to unleaded fuels that do not contain oxygenated blending components. It may or may not apply to automotive gasolines containing lead antiknock mixtures. The second table is applicable to oxygenate blended (for example, MTBE, ethanol) automotive spark ignition fuel samples with a concentration range of 13–40 volume percent aromatics, 4–33 volume percent olefins, and 45–68 volume percent saturates.
1.5 The oxygenated blending components, methanol, ethanol, methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE),  tert-amylmethylether (TAME), and ethyl-tert-butylether (ETBE), do not interfere with the determination of hydrocarbon types at concentrations normally found in commercial blends. These oxygenated components are not detected since they elute with the alcohol desorbent. Other oxygenated compounds shall be individually verified. When samples containing oxygenated blending components are analyzed, correct the results to a total-sample basis.
1.6 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7, 8.1, and 10.5.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method will allow the determination of static dissipater additive in jet and middle distillate. These additives reduce the hazardous effects of static electricity generated by transfer and movement of jet and middle distillate fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of static dissipater additive (SDA) content of aviation turbine fuel and middle distillate fuels.
1.2 The precision of this test method has been established for aviation turbine fuel over the concentration range of 1 to 12 mg/L. Higher concentrations can be determined by dilution, but the precision of the test method will not apply.
Note 1-The SDA used to develop this test method was STADIS 450 for aviation fuels and STADIS 450 and 425 for middle distillates.
1.3 The test method includes a procedure to concentrate the sulfonic acid component in the SDA prior to analysis.
1.4 The test method only applies to SDAs that contain alkyl substituted sulfonic acid.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuels is a factor that can affect their cetane number and exhaust emissions. The aromatic hydrocarbon content and the naphthalenes content of aviation turbine fuels affect their combustion characteristics and smoke-forming tendencies. These properties represent specifications for aviation turbine fuels (see Specification D 1655).
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulates the aromatic content of diesel fuels. California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulations place limits on the total aromatics content and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel, thus requiring an appropriate analytical determination to ensure compliance with the regulations. Producers of diesel fuels will require similar determinations for process and quality control. This test method can be used to make such determinations.
This test method is applicable to materials in the boiling range of motor diesel fuels and is unaffected by fuel coloration. Test Method D 1319, which has been mandated by the USEPA for the determination of aromatics in motor diesel fuel, excludes materials with final boiling points greater than 315°C (600°F) from its scope. Test Method D 2425 is applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel, but is much more costly and time-consuming to perform.
Results obtained by this test method have been shown to be statistically more precise than those obtained from Test Method D 1319 for typical diesel fuels, and this test method has a shorter analysis time. Cooperative study data have found this test method to be more precise than the published precision of Test Method D 1319 when applied to aviation turbine fuels and diesel fuels. Results from this test method for total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are also expected to be at least as precise as those of Test Method D 2425.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total amounts of monoaromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in motor diesel fuels, aviation turbine fuels, and blend stocks by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The range of aromatics concentration to which this test method is applicable is from 1 to 75 mass %. The range of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations to which this test method is applicable is from 0.5 to 50 mass %.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The composition of the oil included in rubber compounds has a large effect on the characteristics and uses of the compounds. The determination of the saturates, aromatics, and polar compounds is a key analysis of this composition.
The determination of the saturates, aromatics, and polar compounds and further analysis of the fractions produced is often used as a research method to aid understanding of oil effects in rubber and other uses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for classifying oil samples of initial boiling point of at least 260°C (500°F) into the hydrocarbon types of polar compounds, aromatics and saturates, and recovery of representative fractions of these types. This classification is used for specification purposes in rubber extender and processing oils.
Note 1—See Test Method D 2226.  
1.2 This test method is not directly applicable to oils of greater than 0.1 mass % pentane insolubles. Such oils can be analyzed after removal of these materials, but precision is degraded (see Appendix X1).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.1, Section 7, A1.4.1, and A1.5.5.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The determination of the total volume % of saturates, olefins, and aromatics in petroleum fractions is important in characterizing the quality of petroleum fractions as gasoline blending components and as feeds to catalytic reforming processes. This information is also important in characterizing petroleum fractions and products from catalytic reforming and from thermal and catalytic cracking as blending components for motor and aviation fuels. This information is also important as a measure of the quality of fuels, such as specified in Specification D 1655.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hydrocarbon types over the concentration ranges from 5 to 99 volume % aromatics, 0.3 to 55 volume % olefins, and 1 to 95 volume % saturates in petroleum fractions that distill below 315°C. This test method may apply to concentrations outside these ranges, but the precision has not been determined. Samples containing dark-colored components that interfere in reading the chromatographic bands cannot be analyzed.
Note 1—For the determination of olefins below 0.3 volume %, other test methods are available, such as Test Method D 2710.
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products. Cooperative data have established that the precision statement does not apply to narrow boiling petroleum fractions near the 315°C limit. Such samples are not eluted properly, and results are erratic.
1.3 The applicability of this test method to products derived from fossil fuels other than petroleum, such as coal, shale, or tar sands, has not been determined, and the precision statement may or may not apply to such products.
1.4 This test method has two precision statements depicted in tables. The first table is applicable to unleaded fuels that do not contain oxygenated blending components. It may or may not apply to automotive gasolines containing lead antiknock mixtures. The second table is applicable to oxygenate blended (for example, MTBE, ethanol) automotive spark ignition fuel samples with a concentration range of 13–40 volume percent aromatics, 4–33 volume percent olefins, and 45–68 volume percent saturates.
1.5 The oxygenated blending components, methanol, ethanol, methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE),  tert-amylmethylether (TAME), and ethyl-tert-butylether (ETBE), do not interfere with the determination of hydrocarbon types at concentrations normally found in commercial blends. These oxygenated components are not detected since they elute with the alcohol desorbent. Other oxygenated compounds shall be individually verified. When samples containing oxygenated blending components are analyzed, correct the results to a total-sample basis.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7, 8.1, and 10.5.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The composition of a lubricating oil has a large effect on the characteristics and uses of the oil. The determination of saturates, aromatics and polars is a key analysis of this composition. The characterization of the composition of lubricating oils is important in determining their interchangeability for use in blending etcetera.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total aromatics and total saturates in additive-free lube basestocks using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with refractive index (RI) detection. This test method is applicable to samples containing total aromatics in the concentration range of 0.2 to 46 mass %.
1.1.1 Polar compounds, if present, are combined with the total aromatics. Precision was determined for basestocks with polars content  1.0 mass %.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.