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ASTM D6434-12

(Guide)

Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes

Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
To evaluate flexible polypropylene properly, tests must be performed according to specific test methods and procedures. Failure to follow this guide can result in data not representative of the material's characteristics and performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers recommendations for the selection of appropriate test methods for flexible polypropylene sheet used in geomembrane applications to provide consistency in data reporting.
1.2 This guide includes test methods for three types of flexible polypropylene geomembranes including smooth nonreinforced sheet, textured nonreinforced sheet, and scrim-reinforced sheet.
1.3 This guide is intended to aid all personnel involved in the selection, manufacture, installation, or evaluation of flexible polypropylene geomembrane sheet.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2012
ICS
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6434-04 - Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Flexible Polypropylene (fPP) Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Replaced By
ASTM D6434-12(2018) - Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-May-2018

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6434 − 12
Standard Guide for the
Selection of Test Methods for Flexible Polypropylene
1
Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6434; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D792Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
1.1 This guide covers recommendations for the selection of
D1004Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of
appropriate test methods for flexible polypropylene sheet used
Plastic Film and Sheeting
in geomembrane applications to provide consistency in data
D1149TestMethodsforRubberDeterioration—Crackingin
reporting.
an Ozone Controlled Environment
1.2 This guide includes test methods for three types of
D1204Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
flexible polypropylene geomembranes including smooth non-
Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated
reinforced sheet, textured nonreinforced sheet, and scrim-
Temperature
reinforced sheet.
D1238Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics
1.3 This guide is intended to aid all personnel involved in
by Extrusion Plastometer
the selection, manufacture, installation, or evaluation of flex-
D1505Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
ible polypropylene geomembrane sheet.
Gradient Technique
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the D1603Test Method for Carbon Black Content in Olefin
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Plastics
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D2136Test Method for Coated Fabrics—Low-Temperature
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Bend Test
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D2137TestMethodsforRubberProperty—BrittlenessPoint
of Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics
2. Referenced Documents
D3389Test Method for Coated FabricsAbrasion Resistance
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(Rotary Platform Abrader)
D471Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
D3418Test Method for Transition Temperatures and En-
D573Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
thalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by
Oven
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D4218Test Method for Determination of Carbon Black
D696TestMethodforCoefficientofLinearThermalExpan-
Content in Polyethylene Compounds By the Muffle-
sion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with aVitreous
Furnace Technique
Silica Dilatometer
D4364Practice for Performing OutdoorAccelerated Weath-
D746Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics
ering Tests of Plastics Using Concentrated Sunlight
and Elastomers by Impact
D4439Terminology for Geosynthetics
D751Test Methods for Coated Fabrics
D4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of
D790Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
Geomembranes and Related Products
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
D5199Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness
als
of Geosynthetics
D5321Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength of
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD35onGeosynthetics
Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Inter-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.
faces by Direct Shear
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
D5323PracticeforDeterminationof2a??%SecantModulus
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6434–04. DOI:
10.1520/D6434-12.
for Polyethylene Geomembranes
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D5397Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resis-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Con-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. stant Tensile Load Test
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6434 − 12
D5514Test Method for Large Scale Hydrostatic Puncture G155Practice for Operating XenonArc LightApparatus for
Testing of Geosynthetics Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
D5617Test Method for Multi-Axial Tension Test for Geo-
synthetics 3. Terminology
D5721Practice forAir-OvenAging of Polyolefin Geomem-
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsofgeosyntheticstermsused
branes
in this guide, refer to Terminology D4439.
D5747Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resis-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6434–04 Designation:D6434–12
Standard Guide for the
Selection of Test Methods for Flexible Polypropylene (fPP)
1
Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6434; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers recommendations for the selection of appropriate test methods for flexible polypropylene sheet used in
geomembrane applications to provide consistency in data reporting.
1.2 This guide includes test methods for three types of flexible polypropylene geomembranes including smooth nonreinforced
sheet, textured nonreinforced sheet, and scrim-reinforced sheet.
1.3 This guide is intended to aid all personnel involved in the selection, manufacture, installation, or evaluation of flexible
polypropylene geomembrane sheet.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: D412Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
D413Test Methods for Rubber PropertyAdhesion to Flexible Substrate
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property——Effect of Liquids
D573 Test Method for Rubber——Deterioration in an Air Oven
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between −30°C−30°C and 30°C30°C with a
Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
D746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by Impact
D751 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement D882Test Method for
Tensile Properties of
Thin Plastic Sheeting
D1004 Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and Sheeting
D1149 Test Methods for Rubber Deterioration——Cracking in an Ozone Controlled Environment
D1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
D1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique
D1603 Test Method for Carbon Black Content in Olefin Plastics
D2136 Test Method for Coated Fabrics——Low-Temperature Bend Test
D2137 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyBrittleness Point of Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics
D3389 Test Method for Coated Fabrics Abrasion Resistance (Rotary(Rotary Platform Abrader)Abrader)
D34173418 Test Method forTransitionTemperatures and Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by Differential
Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
D4218 TestMethodforDeterminationofCarbonBlackContentinPolyethyleneCompoundsBytheMuffle-FurnaceTechnique
D4364 Practice for Performing OutdoorAccelerated Weathering Tests of Plastics Using Concentrated Sunlight D4437Practice
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes .
Current edition approved JuneJuly 1, 2004.2012. Published July 2004.August 2012. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 19992004 as
D6434–99.D6434–04. DOI: 10.1520/D6434-04.10.1520/D6434-12.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6434–12
for Non-
destructive
Testing
(NDT) for
Determin-
ing the In-
tegrity of
Seams
Used in
Joining
Flexible
Polymeric
Sheet
Geomem-
branes
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics D4545Practice for Determining the Integrity of Factory Seams Used in Joining
Manufactured Flexible Sheet Geomembranes
D4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related Products
D5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thi
...

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ASTM D8265-23(Practice)
Standard Practices for Electrical Methods for Mapping Leaks in Installed Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Geomembranes are used as impermeable barriers to prevent liquids from leaking from landfills, ponds, and other containment facilities. The liquids may contain contaminants that, if released, can cause damage to the environment. Leaking liquids can erode the subgrade, causing further damage. Leakage can result in product loss or otherwise prevent the installation from performing its intended containment purpose. For these reasons, it is desirable that the geomembrane have as little leakage as practical.  
4.2 Geomembrane leaks can be caused by poor quality of the subgrade, poor quality of the material placed on the geomembrane, accidents, poor workmanship, manufacturing defects, and carelessness.  
4.3 The most significant causes of leaks in geomembranes that are covered with only water are related to construction activities, including pumps and equipment placed on the geomembrane, accidental punctures, and punctures caused by traffic over rocks or debris on the geomembrane or in the subgrade.  
4.4 The most significant cause of leaks in geomembranes covered with earthen materials is construction damage caused by machinery that occurs while placing the earthen material on the geomembrane. Such damage also can breach additional layers of the lining system such as geosynthetic clay liners.  
4.5 Electrical leak location methods are used to detect and locate leaks for repair. These practices can achieve a zero-leak condition at the conclusion of the survey(s). If any of the requirements for survey area preparation and testing procedures is not adhered to, then leaks could remain in the geomembrane after the survey. Not all of the survey area requirements are possible to achieve at some sites, but the closer the site can come to the ideal condition, the more successful the method will be.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices describe standard procedures for using electrical methods to locate leaks in geomembranes covered with liquid or earthen materials, or both.  
1.2 These practices are intended to ensure that leak location surveys are performed to the highest technical capability of electrical methods, which should result in complete liquid containment (no leaks in geomembrane).  
1.3 Not all sites will be easily amenable to this method, but some preparation can be performed in order to enable this method at nearly any site as outlined in Section 6. If ideal testing conditions cannot be achieved, the method can still be performed, but any issues with site conditions are documented.  
1.4 Leak location surveys can be used on geomembranes installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, landfill cells, landfill caps, and other containment facilities. The procedures are applicable for geomembranes made of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, bituminous material, and other sufficiently electrically insulating materials.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 The electrical methods used for geomembrane leak location should be attempted only by qualified and experienced personnel. Appropriate safety measures should be taken to protect the leak location operators, as well as other people at the site. A current limiter of no greater than 290 mA should be used for all direct current power sources used to conduct the survey.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides...

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ASTM D6392-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Nonreinforced Geomembrane Seams Produced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid migration from one location to another in soil and rock has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of geomembrane seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. In the case of geomembranes, it has become evident that geomembrane seams can exhibit separation in the field under certain conditions. Although this is an index-type test method used for quality assurance and quality control purposes, it is also intended to provide the quality assurance engineer with sufficient seam peel and shear data to evaluate seam quality. Recording and reporting data, such as separation that occurs during the peel test and elongation during the shear test, will allow the quality assurance engineer to take measures necessary to ensure the repair of inferior seams during facility construction, and therefore, minimize the potential for seam separation in service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control and quality assurance tests used to determine the integrity of geomembrane seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method presents the procedures used for determining the quality of nonbituminous bonded seams subjected to both peel and shear tests. These test procedures are intended for nonreinforced geomembranes only.  
1.2 The types of thermal field seaming techniques used to construct geomembrane seams include the following:  
1.2.1 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature air or gas between two geomembrane surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, forcing together the two surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
1.2.2 Hot Wedge (or Knife)—This technique melts the two geomembrane surfaces to be seamed by running a hot metal wedge between them. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, or both, to form a continuous bond. Some seams of this kind are made with dual bond tracks separated by a nonbonded gap. These seams are sometimes referred to as dual hot wedge seams or double-track seams.  
1.2.3 Extrusion—This technique encompasses extruding molten resin between two geomembranes or at the edge of two overlapped geomembranes to effect a continuous bond.  
1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include the following:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Very flexible polyethylene (VFPE).  
1.3.4 Linear medium-density polyethylene (LMDPE).  
1.3.5 High-density polyethylene (HDPE).  
1.3.6 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.7 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).
Note 1: The polyethylene identifiers presented in 1.3.1 – 1.3.5 describe the types of materials typically tested using this test method. These are industry-accepted trade descriptions and are not technical material classifications based upon material density.  
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ASTM D4437/D4437M-16(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Nondestructive Testing (NDT) for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Flexible Polymeric Sheet Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid migration from one location to another in soil and rock, and the large number of seam methods and types used in joining these geomembrane sheets, has created a need for standard tests by which the various seams can be compared and the quality of the seam systems can be nondestructively evaluated. This practice is intended to meet such a need.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended for use as a summary of nondestructive quality control test methods for determining the integrity of seams used in the joining of flexible sheet materials in a geotechnical application. This practice outlines the test procedures available for determining the quality of bonded seams. Any one or combination of the test methods outlined in this practice can be incorporated into a project specification for quality control. These test methods are applicable to manufactured flexible polymeric membrane linings that are scrim reinforced or nonreinforced. This practice is not applicable to destructive testing. For destructive test methods, look at other ASTM standards and practices.  
1.2 The types of seams covered by this practice include the following: thermally bonded seams, hot air, hot wedge (or knife), extrusion, solvent-bonded seams, bodied solvent-bonded seams, adhesive-bonded or cemented seams, taped seams, and waterproofed sewn seams.  
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ASTM D6495/D6495M-18(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic Clay Liners

ABSTRACT
This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testing requirements for geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) materials, describing types of tests, test methods, and recommended verifications and is intended to aid purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, designers and agencies in establishing a minimum level of effort for product acceptance testing and verification. This guide suggests the types of tests, the methods of the testing, and verification requirements for acceptance testing of GCL materials. It should be recognized that parties, organizations or representatives may perform additional tests and/or at other frequencies than required in this standard guide. In this case, the project-specific acceptance plan will then take precedence over this standard guide. Different properties such as clay mass per unit area, swell index, fluid loss, grab tensile strength, tensile strength, density and thickness of geomembrane support, and bonding peel strength shall be determined by subjecting the material to different test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testing requirements for geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) materials, describing types of tests, test methods, and recommended verifications.  
1.2 This guide is intended to aid purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, designers, and agencies in establishing a minimum level of effort for product acceptance testing and verification. This is intended to ensure that the supplied GCL rolls meet accepted material specifications.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the guide has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7703-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Electrical Leak Location on Exposed Geomembranes Using the Water Lance Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Geomembranes are used as barriers to prevent liquids from leaking from landfills, ponds, and other containments. For this purpose, it is desirable that the geomembrane have as little leakage as practical.  
4.2 The liquids may contain contaminants that, if released, can cause damage to the environment. Leaking liquids can erode the subgrade, causing further damage. Leakage can result in product loss or otherwise prevent the installation from performing its intended containment purpose.  
4.3 Geomembranes are often assembled in the field, either by unrolling and welding panels of the geomembrane material together in the field, unfolding flexible geomembranes in the field, or a combination of both.  
4.4 Geomembrane leaks can be caused by poor quality of the subgrade, poor quality of the material placed on the geomembrane, accidents, poor workmanship, manufacturing defects, and carelessness.  
4.5 Electrical leak location methods are an effective and proven quality assurance measure to detect and locate leaks. They do not verify material or seam integrity.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is a performance-based standard for an electrical method for locating leaks in exposed geomembranes. For clarity, this practice uses the term “leak” to mean holes, punctures, tears, knife cuts, seam defects, cracks, and similar breaches in an installed geomembrane (as defined in 3.2.6).  
1.2 This practice can be used for geomembranes installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, landfill cells, landfill caps, canals, and other containment facilities. It is applicable for geomembranes made of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, bituminous geomembrane, and any other electrically insulating materials. This practice is best applicable for locating geomembrane leaks where the proper preparations have been made during the construction of the facility.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    5 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D2643/D2643M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers prefabricated asphalt liner sheets intended for installation to provide a continuous, exposed lining for reservoirs, ponds, canals, and ditches. The liner sheets shall consist of layers of asphalt mastic between asphalt-saturated felts, mats, or fabrics, and shall be coated on both sides and covered with a material to prevent the finished sheets from sticking together during storage and shipment. The coating shall be a hot-applied asphalt material permitted to be compounded with a mineral stabilizer. Thickness of asphalt coating, water absorption, mass percent of asphalt, resistance to decay, flexibility, brittleness, and heat dissipation tests shall be performed to conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers prefabricated bituminous geomembranes intended to provide a continuous, exposed lining for canals and ditches.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
    3 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D6638-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Connection Strength Between Geosynthetic Reinforcement and Segmental Concrete Units (Modular Concrete Blocks)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The connection strength between geosynthetic reinforcement and segmental concrete block units is used in design of reinforced soil retaining walls.  
5.2 This test is used to determine the connection strength for the design of the connection system formed by segmental concrete block units and geosynthetic reinforcement layers in reinforced soil retaining walls. Performing a series of these connection tests at varying normal loads permits development of a relationship between connection strength and normal load. This relationship may be linear, bilinear, or some other complex mathematical expression.  
5.3 This connection strength test is meant to be a performance test (laboratory or field); therefore, it should be conducted using full-scale system components. The conditions for the test are selected by the user and are not for routine testing.  
5.4 As a performance test on full-scale system components, it accounts for some of the variables in construction procedures and materials tolerance normally present for these types of retaining wall systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the connection properties between a layer of geosynthetic reinforcement and segmental concrete block units used in construction of reinforced soil retaining walls. The test is carried out under conditions determined by the user that reproduce the connection system at full scale. The results of a series of tests are used to define a relationship between connection strength for a segmental unit-geosynthetic connection system and normal load.  
1.2 This is a performance test used to determine properties for design of retaining wall systems utilizing segmental concrete units and soil reinforcing geosynthetics, either geotextiles or geogrids. The test is performed on a full-scale construction of the connection and may be run in a laboratory or the field.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    9 pages
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