ASTM D6141-18(2022)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Screening Clay Portion and Index Flux of Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) for Chemical Compatibility to Liquids
Standard Guide for Screening Clay Portion and Index Flux of Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) for Chemical Compatibility to Liquids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended as a starting place for those wishing to investigate the chemical compatibility of the clay portion of a geosynthetic clay liner to test liquids. Within the scope of this guide, the clay portion of a geosynthetic clay liner that is chemically compatible with a test liquid may be expected to maintain its swelling characteristics. Conversely, the clay portion of a geosynthetic clay liner that is incompatible with a test liquid may be expected not to maintain its swelling characteristics. In instances where the compatibility of the clay portion of a GCL is questionable, additional hydraulic testing under the expected site conditions may be warranted.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures and test methods that can be used in the evaluation of the ability of the clay portion of a geosynthetic clay liner to resist change due to exposure to liquids. These liquids may come from a site, or be generated in a laboratory from a site-specific soil.
1.2 The scope of this guide is limited to short-term screening and is not intended to replace evaluation procedures that measure a performance property such as EPA 9100, Test Method D6766, or other suitable ASTM standards as they become available. This guide does not address potential adverse effects of wet-dry cycling.
1.3 This guide applies to the clay component of a GCL. The swell index and fluid loss tests referenced in Section 8 may not be applicable to clay with polymer or other chemical treatment. However, the flux tests referenced in Section 9 are applicable to clay with polymer or other chemical treatment. It is acknowledged that some use the swell index or fluid loss procedure, or both, on clay with polymer or other chemical treatment. However, such use of the standard would be considered a modification of the procedure and must be reported as such. The synthetic carrier components are covered independently as described in Practice D5322.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6141 − 18 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Guide for
Screening Clay Portion and Index Flux of Geosynthetic Clay
Liner (GCL) for Chemical Compatibility to Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6141; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This guide covers procedures and test methods that can
be used in the evaluation of the ability of the clay portion of a
2. Referenced Documents
geosynthetic clay liner to resist change due to exposure to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
liquids.These liquids may come from a site, or be generated in
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
a laboratory from a site-specific soil.
Fluids
1.2 The scope of this guide is limited to short-term screen-
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
ing and is not intended to replace evaluation procedures that
D5322 Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for
measure a performance property such as EPA 9100, Test
Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to
Method D6766,or other suitable ASTM standards as they
Liquids
become available. This guide does not address potential
D5887/D5887M Test Method for Measurement of Index
adverse effects of wet-dry cycling.
Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner Speci-
1.3 This guide applies to the clay component of a GCL.The mens Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
swell index and fluid loss tests referenced in Section 8 may not
D5890 Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Com-
beapplicabletoclaywithpolymerorotherchemicaltreatment. ponent of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
However, the flux tests referenced in Section 9 are applicable
D5891/D5891M Test Method for Fluid Loss of Clay Com-
to clay with polymer or other chemical treatment. It is ponent of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
acknowledged that some use the swell index or fluid loss
D6072/D6072M Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosyn-
procedure, or both, on clay with polymer or other chemical thetic Clay Liners
treatment. However, such use of the standard would be
D6766 Test Method for Evaluation of Hydraulic Properties
considered a modification of the procedure and must be
of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Permeated with Potentially
reported as such.The synthetic carrier components are covered
Incompatible Aqueous Solutions
independently as described in Practice D5322.
2.2 EPA Document:
EPA Test Method 9100 Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity,
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Saturated Leachate Conductivity, and Intrinsic Permeabil-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
ity
standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), n—a manufactured
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
hydraulic barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of geosynthetics.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this guide, refer to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Terminologies D4439 and D653.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD35onGeosynthetics contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Liners. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally AvailablefromUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),William
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D6141 – 18. DOI: Jefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20004,
10.1520/D6141-18R22. http://www.epa.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6141 − 18 (2022)
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 7.2 Place a portion of the soil into the mixing container.The
3.3.1 test liquid, n—within this guide, a liquid either sup- amount of soil will depend upon the amount of liquid required
plied to, or obtained by the testing laboratory, or generated by to complete the evaluation. Add to the mixing container an
the testing laboratory through prolonged contact of a reagent amount of distilled water equal to twice the apparent volume
with a test soil or other solid material. (bulk volume) of the soil.
NOTE 5—It is recognized that other solutions may be applicable and
4. Significance and Use
more desirable than distilled water as the leaching fluid for the soil. In
such cases, the nature of the leaching fluid should be agreed upon by the
4.1 This guide is intended as a starting place for those
requestor.
wishing to investigate the chemical compatibility of the clay
portion of a geosynthetic clay liner to test liquids. Within the 7.3 Mix the soil and the distilled water (or other leaching
scopeofthisguide,theclayportionofageosyntheticclayliner fluid) to form a slurry.
that is chemically compatible with a test liquid may be
7.4 Cover the mixing container such that the escape of
expected to maintain its swelling characteristics. Conversely,
volatile constituents is prevented, and allow the mixture to
theclayportionofageosyntheticclaylinerthatisincompatible
condition for a minimum of 24 h. Other conditioning periods
with a test liquid may be expected not to maintain its swelling
are allowed upon agreement by the requestor. Agitate the
characteristics. In instances where the compatibility of the clay
mixture periodically during the conditioning period by rotating
portion of a GCL is questionable, additional hydraulic testing
the container.
under the expected site conditions may be warranted.
7.5 Following the conditioning period, carefully decant the
test liquid from the mixing container into a sealable storage
5. Apparatus
container. It is necessary to filter the test liquid prior to the
5.1 Refer to the appropriate evaluation test standards for a
evaluation.
description of the apparatus necessary to perform those tests.
8. Evaluating the Clay Portion of the Geosynthetic Clay
5.2 Containers, manufactured of a chemically resistant
Liner
material,s
...
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