ASTM F913-02(2008)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe
Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe
ABSTRACT
This specification covers thermoplastic elastomeric seals (gaskets) used to seal the push-on joints of plastic pipe and fittings used for gravity and low-pressure applications. The gasket shall be fabricated from a high-grade thermoplastic elastomer meeting the following physical property requirements: tensile strength, elongation, hardness, low-temperature hardness, ozone resistance, accelerated aging, water immersion, and force decay or stress relaxation. All gaskets shall be extruded or molded in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, or other imperfections.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers thermoplastic elastomeric seals (gaskets) used to seal the joints of plastic pipe and fittings used for gravity and low-pressure applications. This specification refers to push-on joints that require no internal or external pressure to effect the initial seal.
1.2 Requirements are given for thermoplastic elastomers.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F913 −02(Reapproved 2008) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Thermoplastic Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining
Plastic Pipe
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF913;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1566Terminology Relating to Rubber
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
1.1 This specification covers thermoplastic elastomeric
tics
seals(gaskets)usedtosealthejointsofplasticpipeandfittings
2 D2240TestMethodforRubberProperty—DurometerHard-
used for gravity and low-pressure applications. This specifi-
ness
cation refers to push-on joints that require no internal or
D6147TestMethodforVulcanizedRubberandThermoplas-
external pressure to effect the initial seal.
tic Elastomer—Determination of Force Decay (Stress
1.2 Requirements are given for thermoplastic elastomers.
Relaxation) in Compression
1.3 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded F412Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
F118Definitions of Terms Relating to Gaskets
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. 3. Terminology
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
3.1 Definitions—are in accordance with Terminology F412,
test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: This
and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600,
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
unless otherwise specified.
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
3.2 Termsrelatingtorubberorelastomershallbeasdefined
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
in Terminology D1566 and Definitions F118.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tions prior to use.
3.3.1 gravity and low pressure applications, n—pressure
below 150 kPa (21 psi) or (50-ft) head of water.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Materials and Manufacture
D412TestMethodsforVulcanizedRubberandThermoplas-
tic Elastomers—Tension 4.1 The gasket shall be fabricated from a high-grade ther-
D471Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids moplastic elastomer meeting the requirements in Table 1.
D573Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
4.2 Thegasketshallmeettheforcedecay(stressrelaxation)
Oven
requirements of 5.1.3.
D1149TestMethodsforRubberDeterioration—Crackingin
4.3 Thethermoplasticelastomerusedmustbenoncrazingto
an Ozone Controlled Environment
pipe.Thegasketshallnotcausecrazemarks,pits,orblistersin
D1414Test Methods for Rubber O-Rings
contact with the plastic pipe. Staining of the plastic pipe in the
area of gasket contact is acceptable. Test in accordance with
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic 8.8 to qualify thermoplastic elastomers for pipe made from the
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining.
plastic polymer in question.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published February 2009. Originally
published as approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as 4.4 Where the particular joint design utilizing a TPEL
´1
F913–02 . DOI: 10.1520/F0913-02R08.
gasket dictates the use of lubricant to facilitate assembly, the
Supporting data have been filed atASTM International Headquarters and may
lubricant shall be of such composition that will in no way
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:F17-1035.
damagethegasketorpipeduetoprolongedexposureandshall
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
not adversely affect the sealing capability of the gasket.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. NOTE 1—By agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer,
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F913−02(Reapproved 2008)
chemical analysis may be required and limits established for elements or
compounds not specified.
F913−02 (2008)
TABLE 1 Physical Property Requirements for Seals Made from Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPEL)
Properties Condition Test Method Minimum Requirements
A
Tensile strength unaged D412 2 MPa (300 psi) minimum
after oven aging for 96 h at maximum change of 15%
70°C
A
Elongation unaged D412 350 % minimum
after oven aging for 96 h at maximum change of 20 %
70°C
A
Hardness unaged D2240 40 durometer A minimum
after oven aging for 96 h at maximum change of 8 units
70°C
A
Low temperature hardness type A or D durometer D2240 maximum increase of 15 units
−10°C
†
Ozone resistance 70 h at 50 pphm ozone at D1149 No cracks
40°C at 20 %
extension
A
Water immersion after 48 h at 70°C D471 5 % maximum change in volume
Force Decay after 168 h at 70°C D6147 40 % minimum remaining
A
For O-rings refer to Test Method D1414.
†
Editorially revised in September 2006.
5. Physical Requirements 7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
5.1 The sealing portion of the gasket shall comply with the
7.1 All gaskets shall be extruded or molded in such a
physical requirements listed in Table 1 when tested in accor-
mannerthatanycrosssectionwillbedense,homogeneous,and
dance with the methods in Section 8.
free of porosity, blisters, pitting, or other imperfections.
NOTE 2—Some gasket incorporated a high durometer elastomeric or
7.2 Where a splice is used in the manufacture of the gasket,
nonelastomeric, that is, metal or plastic material, as a reinforcement or
thestrengthshallbesuchthatthegasketshallwithstand100%
retaining feature, or both. These materials do not alter the physical
elongation over the part of the gasket that includes the splice
properties of the sealing portion of the gasket and should not be tested as
with no visible separation of the splice. (While in a stretched
such, or expected to meet the material requirements listed in Table 1.
position the gasket shall be rotated in the spliced area a
NOTE 3—The materials used for retaining or reinforcement, or both,
minimum of 180° in each direction in order to inspect for
should not encroach upon the sealing surfaces of the gasket, and have
separation. In addition, any portion of the splice shall be
physical properties which are adequate f
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:F 913–01 Designation: F 913 – 02 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Specification for
Thermoplastic Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining
Plastic Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 913; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers thermoplastic elastomeric seals (gaskets) used to seal the joints of plastic pipe and fittings used
for gravity and low-pressure applications. This specification refers to push-on joints that require no internal or external pressure
to effect the initial seal.
1.2 Requirements are given for thermoplastic elastomers.
1.3
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D412 Test Methods for Rubber Properties inTensionTest Methods forVulcanized Rubber andThermoplastic ElastomersTen-
sion
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
D573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air Oven
D1149 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface Ozone Cracking in a Chamber (Flat Specimens) Test Methods for
Rubber DeteriorationCracking in an Ozone Controlled Environment
D1414 Test Methods for Rubber O-Rings
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber,
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hardness
D6147 Test Method forVulcanized Rubber andThermoplastic ElastomerDetermination of Force Decay (Stress Relaxation) in
Compression
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
F118 Definitions of Terms Relating to Gaskets
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—are in accordance with Terminology F 412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D 1600,
unless otherwise specified.
3.2 Terms relating to rubber or elastomer shall be as defined in Terminology D1566 and Definitions F118.
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.3.1 gravity and low pressure applications—pressure below 50-ft head of water or 21 psi. gravity and low pressure
applications, n—pressure below 150 kPa (21 psi) or (50-ft) head of water.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining.
Current edition approved April 10, 2001. Published June 2001. Originally published as F913–86. Last previous edition F913–95.
´1
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published February 2009. Originally published as approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F913–02 .
Supporting data are available at ASTM Headquarters. Request RR:F17-1035.
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: F17-1035.
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 09.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 913 – 02 (2008)
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 The gasket shall be fabricated from a high-grade thermoplastic elastomer meeting the requirements in Table 1.
4.2The gasket shall meet the stress relaxation requirements of
4.2 The gasket shall meet the force decay (stress relaxation) requirements of 5.1.3.
4.3 The thermoplastic elastomer used must be noncrazing to pipe. The gasket shall not cause craze marks, pits, or blisters in
contact with the plastic pipe. Staining of the plastic pipe in the area of gasket contact is acceptable. Test in accordance with 8.8
to qualify thermoplastic elastomers for pipe made from the plastic polymer in question.
4.4 Where the particular joint design utilizing a TPEL gasket dictates the use of lubricant to facilitate assembly, the lubricant
shallbeofsuchcompositionthatwillinnowaydamagethegasketorpipeduetoprolongedexposureandshallnotadverselyaffect
the sealing capability of the gasket.
NOTE 1—By agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, chemical analysis may be required and limits established for elements or
compounds not specified.
5.Physical Requirements Physical Requirements
5. Physical Requirements
5.1 The sealing portion of the gasket shall comply with the physical requirements listed in Table 1 when tested in accordance
with the methods in Section 8.
NOTE 2—Some gasket incorporated a high durometer elastomeric or nonelastomeric, that is, metal or plastic material, as a reinforcement or retaining
feature, or both. These materials do not alter the physical properties of the sealing portion of the gasket and should not be tested as such, or expected
to meet the material requirements listed in Table 1.
NOTE 3—The materials used for retaining or reinforcement, or both, should not encroach upon the sealing surfaces of the gasket, and have physical
properties which are adequate for the anticipated usage of the gasket.
5.1.1 Hardness—A variation of 65 points of Type A durometer from the manufacturer’s specified hardness shall be allowed
when tested in accordance with 8.3.
5.1.2 Elongation for the harder portion of multi-durometer gaskets shall not be less than 100%. The elongation for the softer
portion of the gasket shall meet the requirements of Table 1.
5.1.3 Stress Relaxation—Usingtheprocedurein8.9,the100000-hextrapolationofstressremainingshallbeaminimumof40%
of the initial stress which must be 500 to 1400 kPa. Testing shall be done at 23 6 2°C for a minimum of 1000 h. Force Decay
(StressRelaxation)—UsingtheprocedureinD6147,theremainingstressshallbeaminimumof40%oftheinitialstress.Testing
shall be done at 70 6 2°C (158 6 4°F) for a minimum of 168 h. (Method B)
6. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
6.1 When in its final assembled position, the gasket shall not be stretched more than 30% of its original circumference.
TABLE 1 Physical Property Requirements for Seals Made from Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPEL)
Properties Condition Test Minimum Requirements
Method
A
Tensile strength unaged D 412 2 MPa (300 psi) minimum
after oven aging for 96 h at maximum change of 15%
70°C
A
Elongation unaged D 412 350 % minimum
after oven aging for 96 h at maximum change of 20 %
70°C
A
Hardness unaged D 2240 40 durometer A minimum
after oven aging for 96 h at maximum change of 8 units
70°C
A
Low temperature hardness type A or D durometer D 2240 maximum increase of 15 units
−10°C
ozone at 40°C at
Ozone resistance 70hat50ppm D 1149 No cracks
20 %
extension
†
Ozone resistance 70 h at 50 pphm ozone at D 1149 No cracks
40°C at 20 %
extension
A
Water immersion after 48 h at 70°C D 471 5 % maximum change in volume
Stress relaxation initial stress at 23 6 2°C
100 000 h extrapolation of % at 23 6 2°C
stress remaining
Force Decay after 168 h at 70°C D 6147 initial stress at 23 6 2°C
100 000 h extrapolation of % at 23 6 2°C
stress remaining
A
For O-rings refer to Test Method D 1414.
†
Editorially revised in September 2006.
F 913 – 02 (2008)
NOTE 4—Excessive stretch may have deleterious effect onTPELgaskets.The minimum stretch compatible with the proper performance of the gasket
should be used at all times.
6.2 The gaskets shall conform to the dimensions specified by the manufacturer of the pipe or fittings with which the gaskets
are to be used, with a tolerance of 63% on all cross-sectional dimensions, and 61% on all diametrical dimensions, unless
otherwise agreed upon by the pipe or fitting manufacturer and the purchaser.
6.3 For molded gaskets or gasket material, the permissible flash shall be a maximum of +0.80mm (0.032 in.). Maximum mold
mismatch shall not exceed 0.25 mm (0.010 in.). in).
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
7.1 All gaskets shall be extruded or molded in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of
porosity, blisters, pitting, or other imperfections.
7.2 Where a splice is used in the manufacture of the gasket, the strength shall be such that the gasket shall withstand 100%
elongationoverthepartofthegasketthatincludesthesplicewithnovisibleseparationofthesplice.(Whileinastretchedposition
the gasket shall be rotated in the spliced area a minimum of 180° in each direction in order to inspect for separation. In addition,
any portion of the splice shall be capable of passing a bend test without visible separation.) The bend test for circular gaskets is
definedaswrappingtheportionoftheunstretchedgasketcontainingthespliceaminimumof180°andamaximumof270°around
a rod of a diameter equal to the cross-section diameter of the gasket.
8. Test Methods
8.1 Perform laboratory tests to determine the physical properties of the gaskets to be furnished under this specification on: (1)
the finished product as supplied, (2) test specimens taken from the finished product, or (3) from specimens of fabrication of the
same elastomeric compound, and in accordance with the appropriate ASTM standard.
8.2 Tensile Strength and Elongation—DeterminetensilestrengthandelongationinaccordancewithTestMethodsD412orTest
Methods D1414 for O-rings.
8.3 Hardness—Determinethedurometer,TypeA,inaccordancewithTestMethodD2240orTestMethodsD1414forO-rings.
Readings shall be taken after a 5-s delay.
8.4 Low-Temperature Hardness—Measure the durometer, Type A, in accordance with Test Method D2240 or Test Methods
D1414 for O-rings after conditioning for 22 h at −10 6 2°C (+14 6 4°F) to determine the change in hardness. Readings shall
be taken after a 5-s delay.
8.5 Accelerated Aging—Conditioning of samples for the determination of accelera
...
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