ASTM A227/A227M-06(2011)

Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Cold-Drawn for Mechanical Springs

ABSTRACT
This specification covers two classes of round cold-drawn steel spring wire having properties and quality for the manufacture of mechanical springs that are not subject to high stress or requiring high fatigue properties and wire forms. The steel specimens shall either be ingot cast or strand cast. Cast or heat and product analysis shall be performed wherein steel materials shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon. Specimens shall also undergo tension and wrap tests and shall conform to the requirements of tensile properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two classes of round cold-drawn steel spring wire having properties and quality for the manufacture of mechanical springs that are not subject to high stress or requiring high fatigue properties and wire forms.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2011
• ICS: 77.140.25 - Spring steels
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.03 - Steel Rod and Wire

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A227/A227M-06 - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Cold-Drawn for Mechanical Springs
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Replaced By: ASTM A227/A227M-06(2017) - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Cold-Drawn for Mechanical Springs
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F1508-96(2021) - Standard Specification for Angle Style, Pressure Relief Valves for Steam, Gas, and Liquid Services
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A227/A227M −06 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Specification for
Steel Wire, Cold-Drawn for Mechanical Springs
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA227/A227M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2.3 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
1.1 This specification covers two classes of round cold-
2.4 AIAG Standard:
drawn steel spring wire having properties and quality for the
AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification TagApplica-
manufacture of mechanical springs that are not subject to high
tion Standard
stress or requiring high fatigue properties and wire forms.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3. Terminology
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this specification, refer
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
to Terminology A941.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify
2. Referenced Documents
2 all requirements that are necessary for material under this
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specification. Such requirement may include, but are not
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
limited to, the following:
of Steel Products
4.1.1 Quantity (mass),
A510/A510M Specification for General Requirements for
4.1.2 Name of material (cold-drawn steel mechanical spring
Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel, and
wire) and class (Table 1 or Table 2),
Alloy Steel
4.1.3 Wire diameter (Table 1 or Table 2),
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
4.1.4 Packaging (Section 15),
for Steel Products for Shipment
4.1.5 Cast or heat analysis report, if requested (Section 6),
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
4.1.6 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-
cal Analysis of Steel Products
tion 14), and
A941 TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
4.1.7 ASTM designation and date of issue.
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 15 000 kg
Cold-Drawn Mechanical Spring Wire, Class I, Size 5.00 mm in 700-kg
Determine Conformance with Specifications
coils to ASTM A227M dated_______, or for non-SI units, 30 000 lb
2.2 American National Standard:
Cold-Drawn Mechanical Spring Wire, Class I, Size 0.207 in. diameter in
B 32.4M Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square,
500-lb coils to ASTM A227 dated_______.
Rectangle, and Hexagon Metal Products
5. Manufacture
5.1 The steel may be made by any commercially accepted
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
steel-making process. The steel may be either ingot cast or
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
strand cast.
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally
5.2 The finished wire shall be free of detrimental pipe and
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A227/A227M – 06.
undue segregation.
DOI: 10.1520/A0227_A0227M-06R11.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
the ASTM website. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
3 5
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Available fromAutomotive IndustryAction Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48034.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A227/A227M−06 (2011)
A A
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements, SI Units TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements, Inch-Pound Units
Class I Class II Class I Class II
B
Diameter,
Tensile Strength, MPa Tensile Strength MPa Diameter, in. Tensile Strength, ksi Tensile Strength, ksi
mm
min max min max min max min max
0.50 1960 2240 2240 2520 0.020 283 323 324 364
0.55 1940 2220 2220 2500 0.023 279 319 320 360
0.60 1920 2200 2200 2480 0.026 275 315 316 356
0.65 1900 2180 2180 2460 0.029 271 311 312 352
0.70 1870 2140 2140 2410 0.032 266 306 307 347
0.80 1830 2100 2100 2370 0.035 261 301 302 342
0.90 1800 2070 2070 2340 0.041 255 293 294 332
1.00 1770 2040 2040 2310 0.048 248 286 287 325
1.10 1740 2000 2000 2260 0.054 243 279 280 316
1.20 1720 1980 1980 2240 0.062 237 272 273 308
1.40 1670 1930 1930 2180 0.072 232 266 267 301
1.60 1640 1880 1880 2120 0.080 227 261 262 296
1.80 1600 1840 1840 2080 0.092 220 253 254 287
2.00 1580 1810 1810 2040 0.106 216 248 249 281
2.20 1550 1780 1780 2010 0.120 210 241 242 273
2.50 1510 1730 1730 1960 0.135 206 237 238 269
2.80 1480 1700 1700 1920 0.148 203 234 235 266
3.00 1460 1680 1680 1900 0.162 200 230 231 261
3.50 1420 1630 1630 1840 0.177 195 225 226 256
4.00 1380 1590 1590 1800 0.192 192 221 222 251
4.50 1350 1550 1550 1750 0.207 190 218 219 247
5.00 1320 1510 1510 1700 0.225 186 214 215 243
5.50 1300 1490 1490 1670 0.250 182 210 211 239
6.00 1280 1470 1470 1650 0.312 174 200 201 227
6.50 1250 1440 1440 1630 0.375 167 193 194 220
7.00 1220 1410 1410 1600 0.438 165 190 191 216
7.50 1200 1390 1390 1580 0.500 156 180 181 205
8.00 1190 1370 1370 1550 0.562 152 176 177 201
9.00 1160 1340 . . . . . . 0.625 147 170 171 294
10.00 1130 1310 . . . . . .
A
Tensile strength values for intermediate diameters shall be interpolated.
11.00 1110 1280 . . . . . .
12.00 1090 1260 . . . . . .
14.00 1050 1210 . . . . . .
16.00 1010 1170 . . . . . .
TABLE 3 Chemical Requirements
A
Tensile strength values for intermediate diameters may be interpolated.
Element Composition, %
B
Preferred sizes. For a complete list, refer to ANSI B32.4M, Preferred Metric Sizes
A
Carbon 0.45–0.85
for Round, Square, Rectangle, and Hexagon Metal Products.
B
Manganese 0.30–1.30
Phosphorus, max 0.040
Sulfur, max 0.050
Silicon 0.15–0.35
5.3 The wire shall be cold drawn to produce the desired
A
Carbon in any one lot shall not vary more than 0.13 %.
B
mechanical properties.
Manganese in any one lot shall not vary more than 0.30 %.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 Thesteelshallconformtotherequirementsforchemical
composition prescribed in Table 3.
7.1.1 Requirements—The material as represented by tension
6.2 Cast or Heat Analysis—Each cast or heat of steel shall
test specimens shall conform to the requirements prescribed in
beanalyzedbythemanufacturertodeterminethepercentageof
Table 1 or Table 2.
elements prescribed in Table 3. This analysis shall be made
7.1.2 Number of Tests—Onetestspecimenshallbetakenfor
fromatestspecimenpreferablytakenduringthepouringofthe
each ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat in
cast or heat. When requested, this shall be reported to the
a given lot shall be tested.
purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of Table 3.
7.1.3 Location of Tests—Test specimens shall be taken from
6.3 Product Analysis—An analysis may be made by the
either end of the coil.
purchaser from finished wire representing each cast or heat of
7.1.4 Test Method—The tension test shall be made in
steel. The chemical composition thus determined, as to
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