ASTM C559-16

Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Bulk density as determined by this test method is a basic material property of importance in manufacturing and application of carbon and graphite.  
4.2 This test method can be used for quality and process control, material characterization and description, and other purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk density of manufactured articles of carbon and graphite of at least 500 mm3 volume. The bulk density is calculated to an accuracy of 0.25 %, using measurements of mass and dimensions in air at 25 °C ± 5 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2015
• ICS: 71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.F0 - Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C559-90(2010) - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Replaced By: ASTM C559-16(2020) - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Referred By: ASTM C785-08(2022) - Standard Specification for Nuclear-Grade Aluminum Oxide Pellets
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C1039-85(2020)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Graphite Electrodes
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D7219-19 - Standard Specification for Isotropic and Near-isotropic Nuclear Graphites
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D7775-21 - Standard Guide for Measurements on Small Graphite Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C781-20 - Standard Practice for Testing Graphite Materials for Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor Components
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C784-20 - Standard Specification for Nuclear-Grade Aluminum Oxide-Boron Carbide Composite Pellets
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D7542-21 - Standard Test Method for Air Oxidation of Carbon and Graphite in the Kinetic Regime
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C1836-16(2023) - Standard Classification for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D8255-19 - Standard Guide for Work of Fracture Measurements on Small Nuclear Graphite Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C1835-16(2023) - Standard Classification for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide (SiC-SiC) Composite Structures
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C1066-09(2022) - Standard Specification for Nuclear Grade Zirconium Oxide Pellets
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D8091-21 - Standard Guide for Impregnation of Graphite with Molten Salt
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C751-20 - Standard Specification for Nuclear-Grade Boron Carbide Pellets
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C559 − 16 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured
1
Carbon and Graphite Articles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C559; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 4.2 This test method can be used for quality and process
control, material characterization and description, and other
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk
purposes.
density of manufactured articles of carbon and graphite of at
3
least 500 mm volume. The bulk density is calculated to an
5. Preparation of Test Specimens
accuracy of 0.25 %, using measurements of mass and dimen-
5.1 Machine test specimens from the manufactured article
sions in air at 25 °C 6 5 °C.
in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped or a right circular
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
cylinder. The minimum mass of the specimen shall be 2000
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
timesthesensitivityofthebalanceusedtoweighthespecimen,
standard.
3
andthevolumeofthespecimenshallnotbelessthan500 mm .
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Theminimumdimensionofthespecimenshallbethelargerof:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1.1 Ten times the length of the largest visible particle, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1.2 2000 times the resolution of the device used for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
measuring the dimension.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.2 Duringthemachiningoperation,usenolubricanthaving
a boiling point above 100 °C. All corners, edges, and faces of
2. Referenced Documents
the specimen should be free of chips or gouges. Ensure that the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specimen is free of any residue from the machining operation.
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International
Dry the specimen for a minimum of 2 h at 110 °C, and then
System of Units (SI) (the Modern Metric System)
allow it to cool to 25 °C 6 5 °C in a desiccator. The specimen
shall not be removed from the desiccator until immediately
3. Terminology
prior to weighing.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 bulk density, n—in carbon and graphite technology,
6. Procedure
themassofaunitvolumeofmaterialincludingbothpermeable
6.1 Weigh the specimen to an accuracy of 0.05 % using a
and impermeable voids (and boron compounds in the case of
balance or scale. During the weighing operation, handle the
boronated carbon or boronated graphite) present in the material
specimen with soft-tipped tongs.
at room temperature.
6.2 Measure each dimension of the test specimen to an
4. Significance and Use accuracy of 0.05 %.
6.2.1 If the specimen is a rectangular parallelepiped, make
4.1 Bulk density as determined by this test method is a basic
four measurements of the length (longest dimension). Take
material property of importance in manufacturing and applica-
each measurement along the center of each of the four long
tion of carbon and graphite.
faces of the specimen. Measure the width and thickness at each
end and at two intermediate points along the length of the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
specimen. Determine the mean of each dimension.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
6.2.2 Ifthespecimenisarightcircularcylinder,measurethe
Subcommittee D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
length at four points, 90° apart on the periphery of the circular
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originally
end faces. Make two sets of diameter measurements. Each set
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C559 – 90 (2010).
DOI: 10.1520/C0559-16.
shall consist of four measurements, one at each end and two at
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
intermediate points along an axial line. These sets shall lie at
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
90° to each other. Determine the mean length and the mean of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. each of the two sets of diameter measurements.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C559 − 16
7. Calculation standards befor
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C559 − 90 (Reapproved 2010) C559 − 16 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured
1
Carbon and Graphite Articles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C559; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk density of manufactured articles of carbon and graphite of at least 500
3
mm500 mm volume. The bulk density is calculated to an accuracy of 0.25 %, using measurements of mass and dimensions in air
at 2525 °C 6 5°C.5 °C.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI) (the Modern Metric System)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:Definitions:
3.1.1 bulk density, —n—in carbon and graphite technology, the mass of a unit volume of material including both permeable and
impermeable voids. voids (and boron compounds in the case of boronated carbon or boronated graphite) present in the material
at room temperature.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Bulk density as determined by this test method is a basic material property of importance in manufacturing and application
of carbon and graphite.
4.2 This test method can be used for quality and process control, material characterization and description, and other purposes.
5. Preparation of Test Specimens
5.1 Machine test specimens from the manufactured article in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped or a right circular cylinder.
The minimum mass of the specimen shall be 2000 times the sensitivity of the balance used to weigh the specimen, and the volume
3
of the specimen shall not be less than 500 mm500 mm . The minimum dimension of the specimen shall be the larger of:
5.1.1 Ten times the length of the largest visible particle, and
5.1.2 2000 times the resolution of the device used for measuring the dimension.
5.2 During the machining operation, use no lubricant having a boiling point above 100°C.100 °C. All corners, edges, and faces
of the specimen should be free of chips or gouges. Ensure that the specimen is free of any residue from the machining operation.
Dry the specimen for a minimum of 2 h 2 h at 110°C,110 °C, and then allow it to cool to 2525 °C 6 5°C5 °C in a desiccator. The
specimen shall not be removed from the desiccator until immediately prior to weighing.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010Jan. 1, 2016. Published May 2010February 2016. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
C559C559 – 90 (2010).–90 (2005). DOI: 10.1520/C0559-90R10.10.1520/C0559-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C559 − 16
6. Procedure
6.1 Weigh the specimen to an accuracy of 0.05 % using a balance or scale. During the weighing operation, handle the specimen
with soft-tipped tongs.
6.2 Measure each dimension of the test specimen to an accuracy of 0.05 %.
6.2.1 If the specimen is a rectangular parallelepiped, make four measurements of the length (longest dimension). Take each
measurement along the center of each of the four long faces of the specimen. Measure the width and thickness at each end and
at two intermediate points along t
...