ASTM C88-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method provides a procedure for making a preliminary estimate of the soundness of aggregates for use in concrete and other purposes. The values obtained may be compared with specifications, for example Specification C33, that are designed to indicate the suitability of aggregate proposed for use. Since the precision of this test method is poor (Section 12), it may not be suitable for outright rejection of aggregates without confirmation from other tests more closely related to the specific service intended.
3.2 Values for the permitted-loss percentage by this test method are usually different for fine and coarse aggregates, and attention is called to the fact that test results by use of the two salts differ considerably and care must be exercised in fixing proper limits in any specifications that include requirements for these tests. The test is usually more severe when magnesium sulfate is used; accordingly, limits for percent loss allowed when magnesium sulfate is used are normally higher than limits when sodium sulfate is used.Note 1—Refer to the appropriate sections in Specification C33 establishing conditions for acceptance of coarse and fine aggregates which fail to meet requirements based on this test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the testing of aggregates to estimate their soundness when subjected to weathering action in concrete or other applications. This is accomplished by repeated immersion in saturated solutions of sodium or magnesium sulfate followed by oven drying to partially or completely dehydrate the salt precipitated in permeable pore spaces. The internal expansive force, derived from the rehydration of the salt upon re-immersion, simulates the expansion of water on freezing. This test method furnishes information helpful in judging the soundness of aggregates when adequate information is not available from service records of the material exposed to actual weathering conditions.
1.2 The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C88 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or
1
Magnesium Sulfate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C88; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Aggregates
1.1 This test method covers the testing of aggregates to
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
estimate their soundness when subjected to weathering action
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
in concrete or other applications. This is accomplished by
C702 PracticeforReducingSamplesofAggregatetoTesting
repeated immersion in saturated solutions of sodium or mag-
Size
nesium sulfate followed by oven drying to partially or com-
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
pletely dehydrate the salt precipitated in permeable pore
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
spaces. The internal expansive force, derived from the rehy-
Sieves
dration of the salt upon re-immersion, simulates the expansion
E100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
of water on freezing. This test method furnishes information
E323 Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for Testing
helpful in judging the soundness of aggregates when adequate
Purposes
information is not available from service records of the
material exposed to actual weathering conditions.
3. Significance and Use
1.2 The values given in parentheses are provided for infor-
3.1 This test method provides a procedure for making a
mation purposes only.
preliminary estimate of the soundness of aggregates for use in
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concrete and other purposes. The values obtained may be
problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the compared with specifications, for example Specification C33,
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health that are designed to indicate the suitability of aggregate
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
proposedforuse.Sincetheprecisionofthistestmethodispoor
tions prior to use. (Section 12), it may not be suitable for outright rejection of
aggregates without confirmation from other tests more closely
2. Referenced Documents
related to the specific service intended.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.2 Values for the permitted-loss percentage by this test
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
methodareusuallydifferentforfineandcoarseaggregates,and
attention is called to the fact that test results by use of the two
salts differ considerably and care must be exercised in fixing
1
properlimitsinanyspecificationsthatincluderequirementsfor
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
these tests. The test is usually more severe when magnesium
C09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates.
sulfate is used; accordingly, limits for percent loss allowed
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally
when magnesium sulfate is used are normally higher than
approved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C88 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/C0088-13. limits when sodium sulfate is used.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
NOTE 1—Refer to the appropriate sections in Specification C33 estab-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
lishing conditions for acceptance of coarse and fine aggregates which fail
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. to meet requirements based on this test.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C88−13
erroneously high measured losses. If this condition is encountered or is
4. Apparatus
suspected, repeat the test using a filtered solution that has been used
4.1 Sieves—With square openings of the following sizes
previously to test the same type of carbonate rock, provided that the
conforming to Specifications E11 or E323, for sieving the
solution meets the requirements of 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 for specific gravity.
samples in accordance with Sections 6, 7, and 9:
5.1.1 Sodium Sulfate Solution—Prepare a saturated solution
5
150 µm (No. 100) 8.0 mm ( ⁄16 in.)
ofsodiumsulfatebydissolvingaUSPorequalgradeofthesalt
3
9.5mm( ⁄8 in.)
1
in water at a temperature of 77 to 86 °F (2
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C88 − 05 C88 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or
1
Magnesium Sulfate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C88; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the testing of aggregates to estimate their soundness when subjected to weathering action in
concrete or other applications. This is accomplished by repeated immersion in saturated solutions of sodium or magnesium sulfate
followed by oven drying to partially or completely dehydrate the salt precipitated in permeable pore spaces. The internal expansive
force, derived from the rehydration of the salt upon re-immersion, simulates the expansion of water on freezing. This test method
furnishes information helpful in judging the soundness of aggregates when adequate information is not available from service
records of the material exposed to actual weathering conditions.
1.2 The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of
this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
E323 Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for Testing Purposes
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method provides a procedure for making a preliminary estimate of the soundness of aggregates for use in concrete
and other purposes. The values obtained may be compared with specifications, for example Specification C33, that are designed
to indicate the suitability of aggregate proposed for use. Since the precision of this test method is poor (Section 12), it may not
be suitable for outright rejection of aggregates without confirmation from other tests more closely related to the specific service
intended.
3.2 Values for the permitted-loss percentage by this test method are usually different for fine and coarse aggregates, and
attention is called to the fact that test results by use of the two salts differ considerably and care must be exercised in fixing proper
limits in any specifications that include requirements for these tests. The test is usually more severe when magnesium sulfate is
used; accordingly, limits for percent loss allowed when magnesium sulfate is used are normally higher than limits when sodium
sulfate is used.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.20 on
Normal Weight Aggregates.
Current edition approved July 15, 2005Aug. 1, 2013. Published August 2005August 2013. Originally approved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 19992005 as
C88 – 99a.C88 – 05. DOI: 10.1520/C0088-05.10.1520/C0088-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C88 − 13
NOTE 1—Refer to the appropriate sections in Specification C33 establishing conditions for acceptance of coarse and fine aggregates which fail to meet
requirements based on this test.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Sieves—With square openings of the following sizes conforming to Specifications E11 or E323, for sieving the samples in
accordance with Sections 6, 7, and 9:
5
150 μm (No. 100) 8.0 mm ( ⁄16 in.)
3
9.5 mm ( ⁄8 in.)
1
300 μm (No. 50) 12.5 mm ( ⁄2 in.)
5
16.0 mm ( ⁄8 in.)
3
600 μm (No. 30)
...
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