ASTM D1078-05
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids
Standard Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a method of measurement of distillation range of volatile organic liquids. The relative volatility of organic liquids can be used with other tests for identification and measurement of quality. Therefore, this test method provides a test procedure for assessing compliance with a specification.
This test method also provides an empirical value of residue, solvent recovery capacity, and loss (or non-recovery) on heating. Organic liquids are used as solvents in many chemical processes. As the relative volatility, residual matter and recovery capability affect the efficiency of these processes, this test method is useful in manufacturing control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the distillation range of liquids boiling between 30 and 350C, that are chemically stable during the distillation process, by manual or automatic distillation procedures.
1.2 This test method is applicable to organic liquids such as hydrocarbons, oxygenated compounds, chemical intermediates, and blends thereof.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29.
1.5 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D1078–05
Designation:195/98
Standard Test Method for
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Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1078; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the distil-
Determine Conformance with Specifications
lation range of liquids boiling between 30 and 350°C, that are
E133 Specification for Distillation Equipment
chemically stable during the distillation process, by manual or
E299 Test Method for Trace Amounts of Peroxides In
automatic distillation procedures.
Organic Solvents
1.2 This test method is applicable to organic liquids such as
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
hydrocarbons, oxygenated compounds, chemical intermedi-
DeterminationofPrecisionandBiasforUseinTestMethods
ates, and blends thereof.
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for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance of an ob-
3.1.1 initial boiling point, n—the temperature indicated by
served or a calculated value using this test method to relevant
the distillation thermometer at the instant the first drop of
specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest
condensate leaves the condenser tube.
unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the
3.1.2 dry point, n—the temperature indicated at the instant
specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method
the last drop of liquid evaporates from the lowest point in the
of Practice E29.
distillation flask, disregarding any liquid on the side of the
1.5 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier’s
flask.
Material Safety Data Sheet.
3.1.3 decomposition point, n—the thermometer reading that
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
coincideswiththefirstindicationsofthermaldecompositionof
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the liquid in the flask.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.1 final boiling point, n—the maximum thermometer
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
reading obtained during the test.
statements are given in Section 7.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—This usually occurs after the evapora-
2. Referenced Documents tion of all liquid from the bottom of the flask. The term
2 “maximum temperature” is a frequently used synonym.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.2 end point 5 minutes, n—the thermometer reading
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
obtained5minafterthe95 %distillationpointifnodryorfinal
Atmospheric Pressure
boiling point occurs.
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4. Summary of Test Method
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
4.1 A100-mLspecimenisdistilledunderconditionsequiva-
Subcommittee D01.35 on Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates.
lent to a simple batch differential distillation. The temperature
Current edition approved May 15, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D1078 – 03. DOI:
of the mercury in the thermometer is equilibrated with that of
10.1520/D1078-05.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD6300.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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D1078–05
TABLE 1 Thermometers
the refluxing liquid before the distillate is taken over. Boiling
temperatures observed on a partial immersion thermometer are ASTM Sub-
Thermometer IP Range, °C division,
corrected to standard atmospheric pressure to give true boiling
Number °C
temperatures.
A A
2C 62C −5 to + 300 1.0
A A B
3C 73C −5 to + 400
5. Significance and Use
14C . 38 to 82 0.1
37C 77C
...
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