ASTM F2370-10

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used to quantify and compare the evaporative resistance provided by different clothing systems. The evaporative resistance values for ensembles measured under isothermal conditions can be used in models that predict the physiological responses of people in different environmental conditions.
The measurement of the evaporative resistance provided by clothing is complex and dependent upon the apparatus and techniques used. It is not practical in a test method of this scope to establish details sufficient to cover all contingencies. Departures from the instructions in this test method have the potential to lead to significantly different test results. Technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat transfer, moisture transfer, temperature, and air motion measurement, and testing practices is needed to evaluate which departures from the instructions given in this test method are significant. Standardization of the method reduces, but does not eliminate, the need for such technical knowledge. Report any departures with the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the evaporative resistance of clothing ensembles. It describes the measurement of the resistance to evaporative heat transfer from a heated sweating thermal manikin to a relatively calm environment.
1.1.1 This is a static test that provides a baseline clothing measurement on a standing manikin.
1.1.2 The effects of body position and movement are not addressed in this test method.
1.2 The evaporative resistance values obtained apply only to the particular ensembles evaluated and for the specified environmental conditions of each test, particularly with respect to air movement and sweating simulations.
1.3 Evaporative resistance values reported in SI units shall be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2009
• ICS: 61.020 - Clothes
• Technical Committee: F23 - Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment
• Drafting Committee: F23.60 - Human Factors

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F2370-05 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Replaced By: ASTM F2370-15 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Referred By: ASTM F3031-17(2022) - Standard Practice for Range of Motion Evaluation of First Responder’s Protective Ensembles
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F1868-23 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Resistance, Evaporative Resistance, and Total Heat Loss Measurements of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F2371-16 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Heat Removal Rate of Personal Cooling Systems Using a Sweating Heated Manikin
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F3426-20 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Items Using Heated Manikin Body Forms
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F2300-10(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Performance of Personal Cooling Systems Using Physiological Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F2732-23 - Standard Practice for Determining the Temperature Ratings for Cold Weather Protective Clothing
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F1291-22 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F2668-16(2022) - Standard Practice for Determining the Physiological Responses of the Wearer to Protective Clothing Ensembles
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2370 − 10
StandardTest Method for
Measuring the Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a
1
Sweating Manikin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thetypeofclothingwornbypeopledirectlyaffectstheheatexchangebetweenthehumanbodyand
the environment. The heat transfer is both sensible (conduction, convection, and radiation) and latent
(evaporation). The evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble is dependent upon the designs and
materials used in the component garments, the amount of body surface area covered by the clothing,
the distribution of the layers over the body, looseness or tightness of fit, and the increased surface area
forheatloss.Evaporativeresistancemeasurementsmadeonfabricsalonedonottakethesefactorsinto
account. Measurements of the resistance to evaporative heat loss provided by clothing can be used
with thermal resistance values (Test Method F1291) to determine the comfort or stress of people in
different environments.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the evapo-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
rative resistance of clothing ensembles. It describes the mea-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
surement of the resistance to evaporative heat transfer from a
F1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of
heated sweating thermal manikin to a relatively calm environ-
Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
ment.
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.1.1 This is a static test that provides a baseline clothing
ISO 9920 Ergonomics of the Thermal Environment—
measurement on a standing manikin.
Estimation of the Thermal Insulation and Evaporation
1.1.2 The effects of body position and movement are not
Resistance of a Clothing Ensemble
addressed in this test method.
3. Terminology
1.2 Theevaporativeresistancevaluesobtainedapplyonlyto
the particular ensembles evaluated and for the specified envi-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ronmental conditions of each test, particularly with respect to
3.1.1 clothing ensemble, n—a group of garments worn
air movement and sweating simulations.
together on the body at the same time.
3.1.2 clothing area factor (f ),n—the ratio of the surface
1.3 Evaporative resistance values reported in SI units shall
cl
area of the clothed body to the surface area of the nude body.
be regarded as standard.
3.1.3 evaporative resistance, n—the resistance to evapora-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tive heat transfer from the body to the environment.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The evaporative resistance values can
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
be used to compare different clothing ensembles as long as
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
each test is conducted using the same experimental procedures
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and test conditions. The following evaporative resistance
1 2
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF23onPersonal For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
F23.60 on Human Factors. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published January 2010. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F2370 - 05. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/F2370-10. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2370 − 10
values can be determined in this method:
1

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
F2370 − 10
5.1.2 Sweat Generation—The manikin must have the ability
R = evaporative resistance of the air layer on the surface
ea
to evaporate water from its surface. Sweating system can be a
of the nude manikin’s sweating surface measured
water-fed capillary body suit worn over a thermal manikin.
under isothermal conditions.
Sweating can also be simulated by supplying water to and
R = total evaporative resistance of the clothing and
et
surface air layer around the
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F2370–05 Designation:F2370–10
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a
1
Sweating Manikin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thetypeofclothingwornbypeopledirectlyaffectstheheatexchangebetweenthehumanbodyand
the environment. The heat transfer is both sensible (conduction, convection, and radiation) and latent
(evaporation). The evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble is dependent upon the designs and
materials used in the component garments, the amount of body surface area covered by the clothing,
the distribution of the layers over the body, looseness or tightness of fit, and the increased surface area
forheatloss.Evaporativeresistancemeasurementsmadeonfabricsalonedonottakethesefactorsinto
account. Measurements of the resistance to evaporative heat loss provided by clothing can be used
with thermal resistance values (Test Method F1291) to determine the comfort or stress of people in
different environments.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the evaporative resistance of clothing ensembles. It describes the measurement
of the resistance to evaporative heat transfer from a heated sweating thermal manikin to a relatively calm environment.
1.1.1 This is a static test that provides a baseline clothing measurement on a standing manikin.
1.1.2 The effects of body position and movement are not addressed in this test method.
1.2 The evaporative resistance values obtained apply only to the particular ensembles evaluated and for the specified
environmental conditions of each test, particularly with respect to air movement and sweating simulations.
1.3 Evaporative resistance values reported in SI units shall be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
F1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 9920 Ergonomics of the Thermal Environment—Estimation of the Thermal Insulation and Evaporation Resistance of a
Clothing Ensemble
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions:
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 clothing ensemble, n—a group of garments worn together on the body at the same time.
3.1.2 clothing area factor (f ), n—the ratio of the surface area of the clothed body to the surface area of the nude body.
cl
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F23.60 on Human Factors.
Current edition approved September 15, 2005. Published October 2005. DOI: 10.1520/F2370-05.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published January 2010. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F2370 - 05. DOI:
10.1520/F2370-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2370–10
3.1.3 evaporative resistance, n—the resistance to evaporative heat transfer from the body to the environment.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The evaporative resistance values can be used to compare different clothing ensembles as long as each test
is conducted using the same experimental procedures and test conditions. The following evaporative resistance values can be
determined in this method:
R = evaporative resistance of the air layer on the surface of the nude manikin’s sweating surface measured under
ea
isotherma
...