ASTM F2371-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Heat Removal Rate of Personal Cooling Systems Using a Sweating Heated Manikin
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Heat Removal Rate of Personal Cooling Systems Using a Sweating Heated Manikin
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to quantify and compare the cooling provided by different personal cooling systems (PCS) worn with a common base ensemble. Any base ensemble can be selected based on the intended end use of the PCS.
4.1.1 The test method is intended to allow garments based on various cooling technologies to be evaluated fairly and objectively, by taking into account both dry and evaporative heat transfer.
4.2 The measurements of heat removal rates and duration of cooling provided by the PCS depend on the apparatus, the base ensemble, and the techniques used.
4.2.1 Departures from the instructions in this test method will potentially lead to significantly different test results.
4.2.2 Technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat transfer, temperature, air motion measurement, humidity, evaporative cooling, and testing practices is needed to evaluate which departures from the instructions given in this test method are significant. Report any departures with the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses a sweating manikin in an environmental chamber to measure the heat removal rate and cooling duration provided by a personal cooling garment worn with a base ensemble.2
1.1.1 The use of a sweating heated manikin is essential because of the potentially large amount of heat dissipation from the body associated with evaporative cooling.
1.2 The experimental values obtained for the cooling rates and cooling duration apply only to the particular PCS and additional garments worn during the test and for the environmental conditions used.
1.2.1 It is feasible that this test method will yield unrealistically high cooling rates for ambient air circulation systems since the manikin’s surface stays continuously saturated during the test and the relative humidity in the chamber is relatively low; consequently the convective and evaporative heat loss rates from the body to the environment are probably higher from the manikin than they would be from a human, particularly in environments with higher levels of humidity.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2371 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Heat Removal Rate of Personal Cooling
1
Systems Using a Sweating Heated Manikin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Personal Cooling Systems (PCS) are used when wearers could be exposed to conditions that render
thebody’sthermoregulatorysysteminadequatetomaintainbodycoretemperaturewithinasaferange.
The use of PCS can reduce the possibility of heat stress related physiological disorders and can also
provide increased comfort, which in turn could also result in higher productivity. Cooling needs vary
greatly depending on the level of activity, the external temperature and humidity, as well as the
personal protective equipment worn. The PCS should be selected that is best suited for the specific
application. Sweating heated manikins provide a convenient tool to assess the effectiveness of PCS as
they can provide objective and repeatable results. These instruments can be used to quantify, in a
reproducible manner, the cooling rate and cooling duration provided by the PCS while eliminating the
variables associated with human physiology. Sweating heated manikins can be used for direct
comparisons of PCS.
1. Scope from the manikin than they would be from a human, particu-
larly in environments with higher levels of humidity.
1.1 This test method uses a sweating manikin in an envi-
ronmental chamber to measure the heat removal rate and 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
cooling duration provided by a personal cooling garment worn standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
2
with a base ensemble. standard.
1.1.1 The use of a sweating heated manikin is essential
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
because of the potentially large amount of heat dissipation
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
from the body associated with evaporative cooling.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2 The experimental values obtained for the cooling rates
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and cooling duration apply only to the particular PCS and
additional garments worn during the test and for the environ-
2. Referenced Documents
mental conditions used.
3
1.2.1 It is feasible that this test method will yield unrealis- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tically high cooling rates for ambient air circulation systems F1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of
since the manikin’s surface stays continuously saturated during Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
the test and the relative humidity in the chamber is relatively F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
low; consequently the convective and evaporative heat loss
F2370 Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resis-
rates from the body to the environment are probably higher tance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin
3. Terminology
1
3.1 For definitions of terms related to protective clothing
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F23 on Personal
Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
used in this test method, refer to Terminology F1494.
F23.60 on Human Factors.
3.2 Definitions:
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally
ɛ1
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2371 - 10 . DOI:
10.1520/F2371-16.
2 3
The present standard does not attempt to determine the thermal insulation and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
evaporative resistance of garments worn with the PCS, or these same properties for contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the PCS’s themselves. Test Methods F1291 and F2370 are available for these Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
measurements. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F2371 − 16
3.2.1 personal cooling systems (PCS)—garment technolo- evaluated at least once annually using an infrared thermal
gies that are designed to be worn with protective clothing in imaging system or equivalent method.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: F2371 − 10 F2371 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Heat Removal Rate of Personal Cooling
1
Systems Using a Sweating Heated Manikin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected 7.4.1 in February 2015.
INTRODUCTION
Personal Cooling Systems (PCS) are used when wearers could be exposed to conditions that render
the body’s thermoregulatory system inadequate to maintain body core temperature within a safe range.
The use of PCS can reduce the possibility of heat stress related physiological disorders and can also
provide increased comfort, which in turn could also result in higher productivity. Cooling needs vary
greatly depending on the level of activity, the external temperature and humidity, as well as the
personal protective equipment worn. The PCS should be selected that is best suited for the specific
application. Sweating heated manikins provide a convenient tool to assess the effectiveness of PCS as
they can provide objective and repeatable results. These instruments can be used to quantify, in a
reproducible manner, the cooling rate and cooling duration provided by the PCS while eliminating the
variables associated with human physiology. Sweating heated manikins can be used for direct
comparisons of PCS.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of heat removal rate from a sweating heated manikin as well as the duration of
cooling uses a sweating manikin in an environmental chamber to measure the heat removal rate and cooling duration provided by
2
a cooling garment, in order to assess the effectiveness of PCS.personal cooling garment worn with a base ensemble.
1.1.1 This test method requires the The use of a sweating heated manikin. The sweating capability is essential, to take into
account manikin is essential because of the potentially large fractionamount of heat dissipation from the body associated with
evaporative cooling.
1.2 The experimental values obtained for the cooling rates and cooling duration apply only to the particular PCS and additional
clothing ensemble (standard outer garment, outer garment integrated to the PCS, or any other outer garment, as appropriate) as
tested, garments worn during the test and for the specified environmental conditions.conditions used.
1.2.1 It is feasible that this test method will yield unrealistically high cooling rates for ambient air circulation systems since the
manikin’s surface stays continuously saturated during the test and the relative humidity in the chamber is relatively low;
consequently the convective and evaporative heat loss rates from the body to the environment are probably higher from the
manikin than they would be from a human, particularly in environments with higher levels of humidity.
1.3 The values stated in this standard shall be SI units.SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement
are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F23.60 on Human Factors.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010Oct. 1, 2016. Published January 2010October 2016. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
ɛ1
F2371 - 05.F2371 - 10 . DOI: 10.1520/F2371-10E01.10.1520/F2371-16.
2
The present standard does not attempt to determine the thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of garments worn with the PCS, or these same properties for the
PCS’s themselves. Test Methods F1291 and F2370 are available for these measurements.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F2371 − 16
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
F1494 Terminology Relating to Prote
...
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