ASTM D902-00
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Flexible Resin-Coated Glass Fabrics and Glass Fabric Tapes Used for Electrical Insulation
Standard Test Methods for Flexible Resin-Coated Glass Fabrics and Glass Fabric Tapes Used for Electrical Insulation
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the testing of resin-coated glass fabrics and glass fabric tapes (Note 1) to be used as electrical insulation.
Note 1--Methods of testing varnished cloths and tapes are given in Methods D295.
1.2 The warp threads in fabrics are the threads that are parallel with the length dimension as manufactured.
1.3 The procedures appear as follows: Procedure SectionASTM Test Method ReferenceBreaking Strength22-28D828Conditioning6-8...Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Di-electric Strength29-38D149, D295Dissipation Factor and Relative Permittivity52-60D150, E104, D5032Effect of Elevated Temperature39-45D1830Resistance to Oil46-51D3487Sampling3-5...Thermal Endurance68 D1830Thickness16-21D374Thread Count12-15...Weight 9-11...Weight Loss at Elevated Temperature61-67 D5423
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.5This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statement are given in 35.1.1 and 58.1
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An American National Standard
Designation:D902–00
Standard Test Methods for
Flexible Resin-Coated Glass Fabrics and Glass Fabric Tapes
Used for Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 902; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 149 Test Methods for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the testing of
at Commercial Power Frequencies
resin-coated glass fabrics and glass fabric tapes (Note 1) to be
D 150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-
used as electrical insulation.
mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulat-
NOTE 1—Methods of testing varnished cloths and tapes are given in 2
ing Materials
Methods D 295.
D 295 Test Methods for Varnished Cotton Fabrics Used for
1.2 The warp threads in fabrics are the threads that are
Electrical Insulation
parallel with the length dimension as manufactured.
D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
1.3 The procedures appear as follows:
lation
ASTM Test
D 828 Test Method for Tensile Breaking Strength of Paper
Procedure Section Method Reference
and Paperboard
Breaking Strength 22-28 D 828
D 1000 Test Methods for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive
Conditioning 6-8 .
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Di- 29-38 D 149, D 295
Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Insula-
electric Strength 2
tion
Dissipation Factor and Relative Permit- 52-60 D 150, E 104,
D 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
tivity D 5032
Effect of Elevated Temperature 39-45 D 1830
D 1830 Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Flexible
Resistance to Oil 46-51 D 3487
Sheet Materials Used for Electrical Insulation by the
Sampling 3-5 .
Curved Electrode Method
Thermal Endurance 68 D 1830
Thickness 16-21 D 374
D 3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in
Thread Count 12-15 .
Electrical Apparatus
Weight 9-11 .
D 5032 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humid-
Weight Loss at Elevated Temperature 61-67 D 5423
ity by Means of Aqueous Glycerin Solutions
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D 5423 Specification for Forced-Convection Laboratory
as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information
Ovens for Evaluation of Electrical Insulation
only.
E 104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
by Means of Aqueous Solutions
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.2 IEEE Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
IEEE No. 1 General Principles for Temperature Limits in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the Rating of Electrical Equipment
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning
statement are given in 35.1.1 and 58.1.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
1 3
These methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials, and are the direct responsibility of Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03.
Subcommittee D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.02.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2000. Published December 2000. Originally Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 345 E. 47th
published as D 902 – 46. Last previous edition D 902 – 95. St., New York, NY 10017.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D902
SAMPLING 8.1.2 Condition the test specimen for 48 h in the Standard
Laboratory Atmosphere (50 6 2 % relative humidity at a
3. Selecting Sample Rolls
temperatureof23 61°C(73.4 61.8°F)),andconductthetests
3.1 Sampleshipmentsofresin-coatedglassfabricsandglass
immediately upon removal of the test specimen from the
fabric tapes as specified in 3.2 and 3.3. Select the rolls or pads conditioning room or chamber.
in such a manner as to be representative of the shipment.
8.1.3 Do not condition the test specimens if it is desired to
3.2 Fabric—Select one roll from each ten rolls or fraction test the material in the condition as received by the purchaser,
thereof in a shipment of full-width fabric.
but allow the packages containing the rolls of cloth or tape
3.3 Tape—Select rolls of tape from each shipment in from which the specimens are to be taken to reach approxi-
accordance with the following schedule:
mately test-room temperature before the packages are opened
and the specimens cut. Remove the specimens to be tested
Number of Rolls in Minimum Number
Shipment of Sample Rolls
fromtherollasrequiredandtestimmediately,unlessotherwise
Over 10 000 1 per thousand
specified.
5 001 to 10 000 10
2 001 to 5 000 5
WEIGHT
101 to 2 000 2
100 or less 1
9. Terminology
4. Selecting Samples
9.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4.1 Cut off and discard not less than two turns of fabric or
9.2 weight (of resin-coated glass cloth and glass cloth
six turns of tape from each roll or pad selected for sampling
tapes), n—theweightperunitareaasdeterminedinaccordance
before the samples are selected.
with this method. It is usually expressed in pounds per square
4.2 Fromshipmentssuchassheetsoffabricorstripsoftape,
yard for a specified nominal thickness.
take samples representative of the shipment in accordance with
4.1. 10. Significance and Use
10.1 The ratio of resin weight to glass cloth weight, within
5. Selecting Test Specimens
and between shipments, can be determined from the weight of
5.1 Prepare the test specimens from samples as selected in
resin-coated glass cloth and glass cloth tape and the weight of
Section 4 and as provided for in the individual test methods.
theclothbase.Thisratioisafactorindeterminingtheelectrical
characteristics of the material. Weight values are useful for
CONDITIONING
estimating weight in designing electrical equipment containing
a constituent part of resin-coated cloth or tape.
6. Terminology
6.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
11. Procedure
6.1.1 conditioning (of resin-coated glass fabrics or glass
11.1 Determine the weight per unit area using the method
fabric tapes), n—the process of exposing test specimens of the
given in Test Methods D 295.
material to a specified temperature, or to an atmosphere of
specified relative humidity and temperature, for a specified
THREAD COUNT
period of time.
12. Terminology
7. Significance and Use
12.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
7.1 Theelectricalpropertiesofresin-coatedglassfabricsare
12.1.1 thread count, n—The thread count of resin-coated
affected by their temperature and moisture content. For this
glass cloth refers to the count of the number of threads present
reason it is necessary to control these properties for a specified
in the base glass cloth per linear inch (centimetre) of length or
time immediately prior to testing in order to attain reasonably
width, respectively.
good reproducibility of test values.The time of exposure to the
13. Significance and Use
conditioning atmosphere must be long enough to permit the
test specimen to reach a relatively stable value. Usually the
13.1 Thread count, together with the weight and the width
moisture content of these materials has little effect on the of the glass cloth, is accepted as the common means for
mechanical properties.
designating and identifying cloth constructions.
13.2 Certain of the physical and electrical properties of
8. Conditioning
wovenfabricsaredependentonthreadcount.Thatis,assuming
8.1 Unless otherwise specified in the individual test meth-
the same size of yarn, an increase in thread count increases the
ods, condition test specimens as described in 8.1.1, 8.1.2, or
weight, breaking strength, and density of the cloth. Also, the
8.1.3. In matters of dispute, consider 8.1.2 the referee method.
dielectric strength and power factor of the resin-coated fabric
Use the method described in 8.1.3 only if specifically agreed
may be changed by altering the number of threads per inch of
upon by the producer and consumer.
the cloth.
8.1.1 Condition the test specimen for 48 h in the Standard
14. Procedure
Laboratory Atmosphere (50 6 2 % relative humidity at a
temperatureof23 61°C(73.4 61.8°F)),andconductthetests 14.1 Determine the thread count in threads per inch or per
in the Standard Laboratory Atmosphere. centimetre separately on both the warp and filling.
D902
15. Report 21. Precision and Bias
15.1 The results of the warp or filling count shall be 21.1 Thistestmethodhasbeeninuseformanyyears,butno
reported as threads per inch (centimetre). information has been presented to ASTM upon which to base
a statement of precision. No activity has been planned to
NOTE 2—Before counting black resin-coated materials, it will be
develop such information.
necessary to remove the resin film with a knife blade or other suitable
21.2 This test method has no bias because the value for
instrument. As an alternative method, liquid resin removers may be used
thickness is determined solely in terms of this test method
for this purpose, provided specimens are dried before the thread count is
taken.
itself.
THICKNESS
BREAKING STRENGTH
16. Terminology
22. Terminology
16.1 Definition:
22.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
16.1.1 thickness (of an electrical insulating material),
22.2 breaking strength (of resin-coated glass cloths and
n—the perpendicular distance between the two surfaces of
glassclothtapes), n—theforceperunitwidthrequiredtobreak
interest, determined in accordance with a standard method.
the cloth or tapes when tested under certain prescribed condi-
tions.
17. Significance and Use
17.1 This test is of value in determining whether the
23. Significance and Use
material meets specified tolerances for thickness. In addition,
23.1 The breaking strength of finished cloth and tape is of
thickness values are essential because of the importance of
importance as a measure of its ability to withstand reasonable
space factor in designing electrical equipment.
pulling without failure while being applied in service.
17.2 Determination of dielectric strength, usually expressed
in volts per mil, also necessitates thickness measurements.
24. Apparatus
18. Test Specimens
24.1 Useapower-driventestingmachineofthedead-weight
pendulum type as described in Test Method D 828, or the
18.1 In the case of fabrics, cut a specimen 1 in. (25.4 mm)
constant-rate-of-elongation type as described in Test Methods
wide across the entire width.
D 1000. The machine shall be graduated to read 1 lb or 1 kg or
18.2 In the case of tapes, remove the specimens from
less per scale division for testing specimens breaking up to 50
samples selected in accordance with Section 3. Prepare speci-
lb (22.7 kg) or over, and to 0.5 lb or 0.5 kg or less for testing
mens 36 in. (914 mm) long.
specimens breaking under 50 lb (22.7 kg).
19. Procedure
25. Test Specimens
19.1 Unless otherwise specified, measure the thickness in
25.1 From full-width fabric samples or from sample rolls of
accordance with Method C of Test Methods D 374 with the
tapes over 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width cut specimens 1 in. in
following modifications:
width (Note 3) and not less than 12 in. (305 mm) in length. For
19.1.1 In making thickness measurements, use only one
tape having a nominal width of 1 in. or under, prepare
layer of the material.
specimens of the original width and not less than 12 in. in
19.1.2 In the case of fabrics, take ten measurements equally
length.
spaced across the width of the specimen. The thickness of the
cloth is the average of the ten measurements.
NOTE 3—In the case of specimens 1 in. in width and having ultimate
19.1.3 In the case of tapes, unless otherwise specified, take
breaking loads above the capacity of the machine, it is permissible to
ten measurements equally spaced along the length of each reduce the width of the specimen to 0.5 in. (12.7 mm).
specimen. The thickness of the tape is the average of the ten
25.2 In the case of fabrics, cut five specimens with the sides
measurements.
parallel to the warp threads and five with the sides parallel to
19.1.4 The diameter of the pressure foot is 0.250 6 0.001
the filling threads (Note 4), from samples selected in accor-
in. (6.356 0.03 mm) and the diameter of the anvil is at least 2
dance with Section 4.
in. (50 mm).The pressure on the pressure foot (dead weight) is
NOTE 4—Frequently the fill threads of glass fabrics used to manufac-
25 6 2 psi or 172 6 14 kPa.
ture resin-coated glass fabrics do not run in a straight line and are not
19.1.5 MethodsAand C ofTest Methods D 374 shall not be
perpendicular to the warp threads. Breaking strength from specimens cut
considered interchangeable.
perpendicular to the warp thread may, therefore, be highly variable.
19.2 Method B of Test Methods D 374 may be used upon
25.3 In the case of tapes, cut five specimens from each roll
specific agreement between the producer and consumer.
selected in accordance with 3.3.
20. Report
26. Procedure
20.1 Report the average, maximum, and minimum thick-
nesses, in inches, reported to the nearest 0.0001 in. (0.0025 26.1 Maintain the clearance distance between jaws at 6 in.
mm). (153 mm).
D902
26.2 Keeptherateoftravelofthemovablejawconstantand 32. Test Specimens
preferably 12 in. (305 mm)/minute, but it may be within the
32.1 In the case of fabrics, cut the specimens across the full
limits of 11 and 12 in. (280 and 330 mm)/minute, provided it
width of each sample selected in accordance with Section 4,
is constant.
and cut in the form of a piece of tape at least 1 in. (25.4 mm)
26.3 Reject all readings obtained when the specimen breaks
inwidth.Whenthespecimenislessthan36in.(914.4mm),cut
at or in the jaws.
as many specimens as are needed to obtain an equivalent 36
lineal in.
27. Report
32.2 In the case of tapes, remove the specimens from the
27.1 The breaking strength of a roll of fabric or tape is the
sample selected in accordance with Section 3. Prepare speci-
average of the breaking strengths of all the specimens tested
mens 36 in. long.
from the roll. Report the average, maximum, and minimum
breaking strengths in pounds per inch width
...
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