ASTM D8128-17
(Guide)Standard Guide for Monitoring Failure Mode Progression in Industrial Applications with Rolling Element Ball Type Bearings
Standard Guide for Monitoring Failure Mode Progression in Industrial Applications with Rolling Element Ball Type Bearings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended as a guideline for justification of oil test selection for monitoring rolling element ball type bearing conditions in industrial applications. Continuous benchmarking against similar applications is required to ensure lessons learned are continuously implemented.
5.2 Selection of oil tests for the purpose of detecting rolling element ball type bearing failure modes requires good understanding of equipment design, operating requirements and surrounding conditions. Specifically, detailed knowledge is required on bearing design configuration, dimensional tolerances, load directions, design limitations, lubrication mechanisms, lubricant characteristics, and metallurgy of lubricated surfaces including bearing cages. Equipment criticality and accessibility as well as application of other monitoring techniques (for example, vibration, ultrasound or thermal images) are also critical information in this analysis process. In addition, detailed knowledge on the lubricating oil is paramount.
5.3 To properly apply the FMEA methodology users must understand the changes the system may encounter during all operating modes, their impact on design functions and available monitoring techniques capable of detecting these changes. To assist this approach, Section 6 will provide extensive descriptions on the rolling element ball type bearing failure modes, their causes and effects.
5.4 It is recognized that in most industrial applications vibration monitoring is the primary condition monitoring technique applied to detect failure modes, causes and effects in rolling element ball type bearings—while oil analysis is primarily used to monitor the lubricating oil properties. In the recent years, however, there is a trend toward using oil analysis in order to provide earlier detection of some failures of rolling element ball type bearings. This is particularly applicable to complex dynamic systems such as compressors, gearboxes and some gas turbines where o...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide approaches oil analysis from a failure standpoint and includes both the rolling element ball type bearing wear and fluid deterioration in industrial application.
1.2 This guide pertains to improving equipment reliability, reducing maintenance costs and enhancing the condition-based maintenance program primarily for industrial machinery by applying analytical methodology to oil analysis program for the purpose of detecting specific failure modes.
1.3 This guide reinforces requirements for appropriate assembly, operation within the original design envelope as well as the need for condition-based and time-based maintenance.
1.4 This guide covers the principles of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as described in Guide D7874 and its relationship to rolling element ball type bearing wear in industrial application and its fluid deterioration.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D8128 − 17
Standard Guide for
Monitoring Failure Mode Progression in Industrial
1
Applications with Rolling Element Ball Type Bearings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8128; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Oil analysis is a part of condition based maintenance programs. Despite being widely used for
several decades, there is no systematic approach in selecting oil tests based on failure mode analysis.
Most users select tests primarily based on oil degradation criteria, minimizing the potential for
detecting surface damage and limiting the potential benefits of the oil analysis program. This guide
providesjustificationforoilanalysisinindustrialapplicationsfromafailurestandpointtoincludeboth
rolling element bearing wear and fluid deterioration.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
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1.1 This guide approaches oil analysis from a failure stand- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
point and includes both the rolling element ball type bearing D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
wear and fluid deterioration in industrial application. and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
ity)
1.2 This guide pertains to improving equipment reliability,
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
reducing maintenance costs and enhancing the condition-based
by Potentiometric Titration
maintenance program primarily for industrial machinery by
D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
applying analytical methodology to oil analysis program for
(ASTM Color Scale)
the purpose of detecting specific failure modes.
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-
1.3 This guide reinforces requirements for appropriate
leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-
assembly,operationwithintheoriginaldesignenvelopeaswell
lometric Karl Fischer Titration
as the need for condition-based and time-based maintenance.
D6595 Test Method for Determination of Wear Metals and
1.4 This guide covers the principles of Failure Mode and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils or Used Hydraulic
Fluids by Rotating Disc ElectrodeAtomic Emission Spec-
Effect Analysis (FMEA) as described in Guide D7874 and its
relationship to rolling element ball type bearing wear in trometry
D7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of
industrial application and its fluid deterioration.
Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Kinematic Viscosity)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D7414 Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Oxidation
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
in In-Service Petroleum and Hydrocarbon Based Lubri-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
cants byTrendAnalysis Using FourierTransform Infrared
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(FT-IR) Spectrometry
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
D7483 TestMethodforDeterminationofDynamicViscosity
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
and Derived Kinematic Viscosity of Liquids by Oscillat-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ing Piston Viscometer
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D7596 Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Particle Shape Classification of Oils Using a Direct
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
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Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mittee D02.96.04 on Guidelines for In-Services Lubricants Analysis. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8128-17. the ASTM website.
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D8128 − 17
Imaging Integrated Tester 3.1.8 elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHD), n—a condi-
D7685 Practice for In-Line, Full Flow, Inductive Sensor for tionwhereextremelyhighfluidinterfacepressuredevelopedin
Ferromagnetic and Non-ferromagnetic Wear Debris De- concentrated rolling element contact causes the viscosity of the
termination and Diagnosti
...
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