ASTM D3527-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Life Performance of Automotive Wheel Bearing Grease
Standard Test Method for Life Performance of Automotive Wheel Bearing Grease
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method differentiates among wheel bearing greases having distinctly different high-temperature characteristics. It is not the equivalent of longtime service tests, nor is it intended to distinguish between the products having similar high-temperature performance properties.
5.2 This test method has proven to be helpful in screening greases with respect to life performance for automotive wheel bearing applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for evaluating the high-temperature life performance of wheel bearing greases when tested under prescribed conditions.
Note 1: Changes to this test method in the 1985 revision increased test severity. Results will not be comparable with data from earlier procedures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Apparatus dimensions in inches are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 8.1 – 8.4.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D3527 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Life Performance of Automotive Wheel Bearing Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3527; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This standard is based on a test rig that was originally designed in the 1960s. Since the standard was
first published, there have been several attempts to revise the equipment and test procedure to improve
the precision of the test. Since the first publication, there have been many advances in the quality of
the hardware and automated control systems have superseded manual and analogue controls.
Several generations of test rig are still in commercial use, each potentially having their own issues
relating to certification and contributing to the overall poor precision of this test. The Subcommittee
responsible for this standard is aware of these issues, but has been unable to obtain sufficient interest
to conduct an ILS program required to evaluate possible revisions and establish updated precision and
bias data for comparison to the current test.
A 2017 ballot to withdraw this standard was unsuccessful and the standard will be re-approved to
meet the needs of users and its inclusion in other industry and military standards, even though the hub
design is obsolete. Work is underway to develop a replacement test that will better represent
contemporary bearing designs and offer a selection of test conditions.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for
evaluating the high-temperature life performance of wheel
2. Referenced Documents
bearing greases when tested under prescribed conditions.
2.1 AFBMA Standard:
NOTE 1—Changes to this test method in the 1985 revision increased test
2
AFBMA Standard 19, 1974 (ANSI B. 3.19-1975)
severity. Results will not be comparable with data from earlier procedures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1 Definitions:
standard.
3.1.1 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
1.2.1 Exception—Apparatus dimensions in inches are to be
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
regarded as the standard.
3.1.2 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The dispersion of the thickener forms a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
surface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients are
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
commonly included to impart special properties.
For specific warning statements, see 8.1 – 8.4.
3.1.3 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance com-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
posed of finely-divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
to form the product’s structure.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The solid thickener can be fibers (such
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain
non-soap thickeners) which are insoluble or, at the most, only
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.G0.05 on Functional Tests - Temperature.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally
2
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D3527 – 18. DOI: Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/D3527-21. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3527 − 21
NOTE 1—Caution should be taken when modifying older units since some may still contain asbestos insulation leading to a possible inhalation hazard.
FIG. 1 Wheel Bearin
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3527 − 18 D3527 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Life Performance of Automotive Wheel Bearing Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3527; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This standard is based on a test rig that was originally designed in the 1960s. Since the standard was
first published, there have been several attempts to revise the equipment and test procedure to improve
the precision of the test. Since the first publication, there have been many advances in the quality of
the hardware and automated control systems have superseded manual and analogue controls.
Several generations of test rig are still in commercial use, each potentially having their own issues
relating to certification and contributing to the overall poor precision of this test. The Subcommittee
responsible for this standard is aware of these issues, but has been unable to obtain sufficient interest
to conduct an ILS program required to evaluate possible revisions and establish updated precision and
bias data for comparison to the current test.
A 2017 ballot to withdraw this standard was unsuccessful and the standard will be re-approved to
meet the needs of users and its inclusion in other industry and military standards, even though the hub
design is obsolete. Work is underway to develop a replacement test that will better represent
contemporary bearing designs and offer a selection of test conditions.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for evaluating the high-temperature life performance of wheel bearing greases
when tested under prescribed conditions.
NOTE 1—Changes to this test method in the 1985 revision increased test severity. Results will not be comparable with data from earlier procedures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Apparatus dimensions in inches are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 8.1 – 8.4.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.G0.05 on Functional Tests - Temperature.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018Nov. 1, 2021. Published July 2018November 2021. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20152018 as
D3527 – 15.D3527 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/D3527-18.10.1520/D3527-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3527 − 21
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 AFBMA Standard:
2
AFBMA Standard 19, 1974 (ANSI B. 3.19-1975)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
3.1.2 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
The dispersion of the thickener forms a two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by surface tension and other
physical forces. Other ingredients are commonly included to impart special properties.
3.1.3 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance composed of finely-divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant to form
the product’s structure.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
The solid thickener can be fibers (such as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain non-soap thickeners) which
are insoluble or, at the most, only very slightly soluble in the liqu
...
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