ASTM D4816-94

Standard Test Method for Specific Heat of Aircraft Turbine Fuels by Thermal Analysis (Withdrawn 1999)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specific heat of fuels by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 5.1 and 5.2.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1993
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

Standards Content (Sample)

ASTM D48Lb 94 - 0759530 0537644 Tl,Cl -
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
An Amarican National Standard
Designation: D 4816 - 94
1916 Race St. Philadelphia, Pa 19103
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
If not listed in the current combined index+ will appear In the neti edition.
Standard Test Method for
Specific Heat of Aircraft Turbine Fuels by Thermal Analysis’
This standard is issued under the tixed designation D 48 16; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (0 indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
capability of holding at the final (limit) temperature. The
1. Scope
recorder incorporates a T-axis with five range settings from
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the
0.2 mV to 4 mV/in. and a Y axis with sensitivities from 0.05
specific heat of fuels by differential scanning calorimetry
to 50 mcal(s*in.) (0.2 to 209 mJ(s.m).
(DSC).
4.2 Liquid Specimen Pans, stainless steel or gold with
1.2 This standard does not purport to address ail of the
ability to seal fuel through the temperature range with a test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specimen capacity of 0.01 mL.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.3 Hermetic Press (for sealing liquid specimen pans)--
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
The press shall consist of a base platform and column, an
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
adjustable lower die holder, and a movable upper die
hazard statements, see 5.1 and 5.2.
connected to a lever arm.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.4 Analytical Balance, 0. I-mg sensitivity, +0.05-mg pre-
standard.
cision.
4.5 Syringe, 5OyL.
2. Summary of Test Method
2.1 Values for specific heats of fuels are determined by the
5. Reagents and Materials
following two-step procedure. The differential scanning cal-
5.1 n-Heptane, reagent grade.
orimeter is programmed first to heat an empty, unsealed
NOTE I: Warning-Flammable, See Annex A1.2.
specimen pan over the desired temperature range while
monitoring the heat supplied as a function of temperature. 5.2 Nitrogen and Argon-UPC- grade minimum purity
The program is repeated for the hermetically sealed spec- with a two-stage regulator sufficient to maintain a flow rate
imen pan containing a weighed test specimen of fuel. The
of 25 mL/min.
speciftc heat of the fuel is calculated from the difference
NOTE 2: Warning- Gas may reduce oxygen available for breathing.
between these two sets of measurements.
See Annex A1.I.
2.2 A pure material with published specific heat values is
6. Standards
used as a calibration standard. Calibration scans are made
under the same experimental conditions as are used for the 6.1 A pure material (reagent grade or higher purity) for
fuel test specimens. which specific heat values have been published in the
literature (for example, n-heptane or aluminum oxide) as
3. Significance and Use
shown in Table 1.
3.1 The specific heat or heat capacity of a substance is a
7. Procedure
thermodynamic property which is a measure of the amount
7.1 Hermetically seal with the hermetic press a clean,
of energy required to produce a given temperature change
empty specimen pan to be used as a reference. Place this pan
within a unit quantity of that substance. It is used in
on the reference platform of the DSC cell.
engineering calculations which relate to the manner in which
7.2 Place a second specimen pan (a top and a bottom,
a given system may react to thermal stresses.
unsealed) on the sample platform in the same manner. Close
the DSC cell and adjust the argon source to provide a flow of
4. Apparatus
25 mL/min through the cell. This purge remains on contin-
4.1 D@krential Scanning Calorimeter-The instrument2
uously during the temperature programs.
should have a calorimetric sensitivity of 0.05 meal/s (0.2
7.3 Adjust the starting temperature to a temperature 3o’C
mJ/s), calorimetric precision of f 1 %, and a temperature
below that at which specific heat data are desired. Set the
range from -60°C to 2WC. The unit shall be operated in
limit temperature dial to a value 3O“C above that for which
both isothermal and programmed heating modes, with the
Specitic Heat of n-Heptane and Aluminum Oxid&
TABLE 1
t This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
Temperatwe, K
Sfxdfio that, J/mot K specific Heat, J/mot K
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
225.43
79.41
mittee D02.1 I on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids.
it 245.07
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 1994. Published March 1994. Originally
270.13
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