ASTM D2494-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Commercial Mass of a Shipment of Yarn or Manufactured Staple Fiber or Tow
Standard Test Method for Commercial Mass of a Shipment of Yarn or Manufactured Staple Fiber or Tow
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory as a referee method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of yarn or manufactured staple fibers.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its casuse must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 Option I is in common use in other countries, particularly in Europe.4
5.3 Option II is used to calculate the commercial mass of as-produced manufactured filament yarns (except some producer-textured yarns), manufactured staple fibers, and tows. This option is intended to reflect the mass of fiber remaining after fiber lubricants and processing aids are removed.
5.4 Option III is used to calculate the commercial mass of spun yarns, textured yarns, tops, and slivers. When materials are sold on a CMRU basis, the purchaser pays for the fiber lubricant or other removable processing aids.
5.5 Option IV is in common use with impregnated aramids.
5.6 When it can be shown that solvent extraction or another method of testing gives the same results, or results that have a constant ratio to those obtained by the scour procedure, that method may be used for routine testing of known production but should not be substituted for a scour on new or unknown material. For the determ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a measurement of the commercial mass of a shipment of yarn or manufactured staple fiber or tow. This test method applies to (1) yarn of all fiber types except silk, glass, asbestos, and bast; (2) tops and slivers of all fiber types except wool, silk, glass, asbestos, and bast; and (3) manufactured fibers or tow, except glass and other fibers used for special purposes such as flock (Note 1). Note 1—For other test methods for measuring mass of fibrous materials, refer to Practice D2720.
1.1.1 Sampling in this test method is primarily for use in acceptance testing rather than production control. manufactured fiber producers usually sample for the commercial “mass” of product on an on-going basis rather than each shipment to a customer.
1.2 Commercial mass has been traditionally based on one of three options depending on the state of the material: (1) dried, unscoured yarn, staple fiber, tow, and so forth, using commercial moisture regain in the calculations; (2) dried, scoured yarn, staple fiber, tow, and so forth, using commercial moisture regain values in the calculations; and (3) dried, scoured yarn, staple fiber, tow, and so forth, using a defined allowance in the calculations.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2494 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Commercial Mass of a Shipment of Yarn or Manufactured
1
Staple Fiber or Tow
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method provides a measurement of the com-
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
mercial mass of a shipment of yarn or manufactured staple
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
fiber or tow. This test method applies to (1) yarn of all fiber
D1909 Standard Table of Commercial Moisture Regains for
types except silk, glass, asbestos, and bast; (2) tops and slivers
Textile Fibers
of all fiber types except wool, silk, glass, asbestos, and bast;
D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
and (3) manufactured fibers or tow, except glass and other
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
fibers used for special purposes such as flock (Note 1).
D2720 Practice for Calculation of Commercial Weight and
NOTE 1—For other test methods for measuring mass of fibrous
Yield of Scoured Wool, Top, and Noil for Various Com-
materials, refer to Practice D2720.
mercial Compositions
1.1.1 Sampling in this test method is primarily for use in D3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,
acceptance testing rather than production control. manufac-
Sliver, or Tow for Testing
tured fiber producers usually sample for the commercial D3888 Terminology for Yarn Spinning Systems
“mass” of product on an on-going basis rather than each
D3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects
shipment to a customer.
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
2.2 AATCC Standard:
1.2 Commercialmasshasbeentraditionallybasedononeof
150 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering
three options depending on the state of the material: (1) dried,
3
of Woven Garments
unscoured yarn, staple fiber, tow, and so forth, using commer-
cialmoistureregaininthecalculations;(2)dried,scouredyarn,
3. Terminology
staple fiber, tow, and so forth, using commercial moisture
3.1 Definitions:
regain values in the calculations; and (3) dried, scoured yarn,
3.1.1 commercial mass, n—billed mass (weight) as deter-
staple fiber, tow, and so forth, using a defined allowance in the
mined by a generally accepted method or as agreed upon
calculations.
between the purchaser and the seller.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 3.1.1.1 Discussion—The basis for determining the commer-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this cial mass of a shipment of yarn or manufactured fibers is
standard. generally one of the following:
(1) CAS Basis (commercial allowance with scoured
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
material)—themassofoven-dryfiberoryarnafterscouringby
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
definite prescribed methods plus the mass corresponding to its
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
commercial allowance.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
(2) CMRS Basis (commercial moisture regain with scoured
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
material)—themassofoven-dryfiberoryarnafterscouringby
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originally the ASTM website.
3
published as D2494 – 66 T. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as Available from the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists,
ε1
D2494 – 02(2010) . DOI: 10.1520/D2494-13. P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2494 − 13
definite prescribed methods plus the mass corresponding to its corrected, or future test results for that material must be
commercial moisture regain. adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
(3) CMRU Basis (commercial moisture regain with un-
5.2 Option I is in common use in other countries, particu-
scoured material)—the mass of unscoured oven-dry fiber or 4
larly in Europe.
yarn plus the mass corresponding to its commercial moisture
5
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D2494 − 02 (Reapproved 2010) D2494 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Commercial Mass of a Shipment of Yarn or Manufactured
1
Staple Fiber or Tow
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—The Terminology section was updated editorially in September 2010.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method provides a measurement of the commercial mass of a shipment of yarn or manufactured staple fiber or tow.
This test method applies to (1) yarn of all fiber types except silk, glass, asbestos, and bast; (2) tops and slivers of all fiber types
except wool, silk, glass, asbestos, and bast; and (3) manufactured fibers or tow, except glass and other fibers used for special
purposes such as flock (Note 1).
NOTE 1—For other test methods for measuring mass of fibrous materials, refer to Practice D2720.
1.1.1 Sampling in this test method is primarily for use in acceptance testing rather than production control. manufactured fiber
producers usually sample for the commercial “mass” of product on an on-going basis rather than each shipment to a customer.
1.2 Commercial mass has been traditionally based on one of three options depending on the state of the material: (1) dried,
unscoured yarn, staple fiber, tow, and so forth, using commercial moisture regain in the calculations; (2) dried, scoured yarn, staple
fiber, tow, and so forth, using commercial moisture regain values in the calculations; and (3) dried, scoured yarn, staple fiber, tow,
and so forth, using a commercial allowance agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier defined allowance in the
calculations.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
D1909 Standard Table of Commercial Moisture Regains for Textile Fibers
D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
D2720 Practice for Calculation of Commercial Weight and Yield of Scoured Wool, Top, and Noil for Various Commercial
Compositions
D3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers, Sliver, or Tow for Testing
D3888 Terminology for Yarn Spinning Systems
D3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
2.2 AATCC Standard:
3
150 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering of Woven Garments
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010July 1, 2013. Published September 2010September 2013. Originally published as D2494 – 66 T. Last previous edition approved in
ε1
20022010 as D2494 – 02.D2494 – 02 DOI: 10.1520/D2494-02R10(2010) . DOI: 10.1520/D2494-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2494 − 13
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 commercial mass, n—billed mass (weight) as determined by a generally accepted method or as agreed upon between the
purchaser and the seller.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The basis for determining the commercial mass of a shipment of yarn or manufactured fibers is generally one of the following:
(1) CAS Basis (commercial allowance with scoured material)—the mass of oven-dry fiber or yarn after scouring by definite
prescribed methods plus the mass corresponding to its commercial allowance.
(2) CMRS Basis
...
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