ASTM E790-87(1996)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Residual Moisture in a Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Sample
Standard Test Method for Residual Moisture in a Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Sample
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the residual moisture in an analysis sample of RDF. It is used to calculate to the dry basis other determinations performed on the analysis sample. It is used with the air-dry moisture results to calculate total moisture (Note 1). The total moisture is used to calculate as-received values or other analyses performed on the sample. Note 1-In some instances RDF moisture may change during the size-reduction steps of the analysis sample preparation procedure. This moisture change, unless suitable corrections are made, will affect the accuracy of the total moisture value as calculated from the air-dry and residual moisture results.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary information see Section 7.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: E 790 – 87 (Reapproved 1996)
Standard Test Method for
Residual Moisture in a Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis
Sample
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 790; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope equilibrium, the RDF is usually subjected to drying under
controlled temperature conditions ranging from 30 to 40°C.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the residual
3.1.2 analysis sample—the final subsample prepared from
moisture in an analysis sample of RDF. It is used to calculate
the air-dried laboratory sample but reduced by passing through
to the dry basis other determinations performed on the analysis
a mill with a 0.5-mm (0.02-in.) size or smaller final screen.
sample. It is used with the air-dry moisture results to calculate
3.1.3 bias—a systematic error that is consistently negative
total moisture (Note 1). The total moisture is used to calculate
or consistently positive. The mean of errors resulting from a
as-received values or other analyses performed on the sample.
series of observations that does not tend towards zero.
NOTE 1—In some instances RDF moisture may change during the
3.1.4 gross sample—a sample representing one lot and
size-reduction steps of the analysis sample preparation procedure. This
composed of a number of increments on which neither reduc-
moisture change, unless suitable corrections are made, will affect the
tion nor division has been performed.
accuracy of the total moisture value as calculated from the air-dry and
3.1.5 laboratory sample—a representative portion of the
residual moisture results.
gross sample received by the laboratory for analysis.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be
3.1.6 lot—a large designated quantity (greater than the
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for
quantity of the final sample) of RDF which can be represented
information only.
by a properly selected gross sample.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.7 precision—a term used to indicate the capability of a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
person, an instrument, or a method to obtain reproducible
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
results; specifically, a measure of the random error as ex-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
pressed by the variance, the standard error, or a multiple of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific
standard error.
precautionary information see Section 7.
3.1.8 refuse-derived fuels—solid forms of refuse-derived
fuels from which appropriate analytical samples may be
2. Referenced Documents
prepared are defined as follows in ASTM STP 832.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
RDF-1—Wastes used as a fuel in as-discarded form with
D 3173 Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample of
only bulky wastes removed.
Coal and Coke
RDF-2—Wastes processed to coarse particle size with or
E 180 Practice for Developing Precision of ASTM Methods
without ferrous metal separation.
for Analysis and Testing of Industrial Chemicals
RDF-3—Combustible waste fraction processed to particle
sizes, 95 % passing 2-in. square screening.
3. Terminology
RDF-4—Combustible waste fraction processed into powder
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
form, 95 % passing 10-mesh screening.
3.1.1 air drying—a process of partial drying of RDF to
RDF-5—Combustible waste fraction densified (compressed)
bring its moisture content near to equilibrium with the atmo-
into the form of pellets, slugs, cubettes, or briquettes.
sphere in which further reduction, division, and characteriza-
3.1.9 representative sample—a sample collected in such a
tion of the sample are to take place. In order to bring about the
manner that it has characteristics equivalent to the lot sample.
3.1.10 sample division—the process of extracting a smaller
sample from a sample so that the representative properties of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
the larger sample are retained. During this process it is assumed
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.06 on Recovery
that no change in particle size or other characteristics occurs.
and Reuse.
Current edition approved Aug. 28, 1987. Published October 1987. Orginally
published as E 790 – 81. Last previous edition E 790 – 81.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05. Thesaurus on Resource Recovery Terminology, ASTM STP 832, ASTM, 1983,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05. p. 72.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E 790
3.1.11 sample preparation—the process that includes dry- 7. Precautions
ing, size reduction, division, and mixing of a laboratory sample
7.1 Due to the origins of RDF in municipal waste, common
for the purpose of obtaining an unbiased analysis sample.
sense dictates that some precautions should be observed when
3.1.12 sample reduction—the process whereby sample par-
conducting tests on the samples. Recommended hygienic
ticle size is reduced without change in sample weight.
practices include use of gloves when handling RDF; wearing
3.1.13 significant loss—any loss that introduces a bias in
dust masks (NIOSH-approved type), especially when shred-
final results that is of appreciable importance to concerned
ding RDF samples; conducting tests under negative pressure
parties.
hood when possible; and washing hands before eating or
smoking.
4. Summary of Test Method
7.2 Laboratory sample handling shall be performed by
4.1 This test method is based on the loss in weight of an
trained personnel. All operations shall be done rapidly as
air-dried analysis sample of RDF under rigidly controlled
possible to avoid sample moisture changes due to atmospheric
conditions of temperature, time, and air flow.
exposure.
4.2 The total moisture is calculated from the loss or gain in
7.3 Since heavy fine particles tend to segregate rapidly in
air drying and the residual moisture as determined by this test
the RDF analysis sample, the analyst should exercise care to
method.
assure that the analysis sample is well-mixed prior to perform-
ing this determination.
5. Significance and Use
7.4 When the residual moisture is to be used for the
5.1 The treatme
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