ASTM E790-87(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Residual Moisture in a Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Sample
Standard Test Method for Residual Moisture in a Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Sample
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The treatment of the sample as specified herein is intended for the purpose of determining the residual moisture present in an analysis sample of RDF.
The residual moisture value is used to convert as-determined analyses such as gross heating value, sulfur, and ash to a dry sample basis.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the residual moisture in an analysis sample of RDF. It is used to calculate to the dry basis other determinations performed on the analysis sample. It is used with the air-dry moisture results to calculate total moisture (Note 1). The total moisture is used to calculate as-received values or other analyses performed on the sample.
Note 1—In some instances RDF moisture may change during the size-reduction steps of the analysis sample preparation procedure. This moisture change, unless suitable corrections are made, will affect the accuracy of the total moisture value as calculated from the air-dry and residual moisture results.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary information see Section 7.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:E790–87 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Residual Moisture in a Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis
Sample
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 790; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope sphere in which further reduction, division, and characteriza-
tion of the sample are to take place. In order to bring about the
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the residual
equilibrium, the RDF is usually subjected to drying under
moisture in an analysis sample of RDF. It is used to calculate
controlled temperature conditions ranging from 30 to 40°C.
to the dry basis other determinations performed on the analysis
3.1.2 analysis sample—the final subsample prepared from
sample. It is used with the air-dry moisture results to calculate
the air-dried laboratory sample but reduced by passing through
total moisture (Note 1). The total moisture is used to calculate
a mill with a 0.5-mm (0.02-in.) size or smaller final screen.
as-received values or other analyses performed on the sample.
3.1.3 bias—a systematic error that is consistently negative
NOTE 1—In some instances RDF moisture may change during the
or consistently positive. The mean of errors resulting from a
size-reduction steps of the analysis sample preparation procedure. This
series of observations that does not tend towards zero.
moisture change, unless suitable corrections are made, will affect the
3.1.4 gross sample—a sample representing one lot and
accuracy of the total moisture value as calculated from the air-dry and
composed of a number of increments on which neither reduc-
residual moisture results.
tion nor division has been performed.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be
3.1.5 laboratory sample—a representative portion of the
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for
gross sample received by the laboratory for analysis.
information only.
3.1.6 lot—a large designated quantity (greater than the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
quantity of the final sample) of RDF which can be represented
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
by a properly selected gross sample.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.7 precision—a term used to indicate the capability of a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
person, an instrument, or a method to obtain reproducible
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific
results; specifically, a measure of the random error as ex-
precautionary information see Section 7.
pressed by the variance, the standard error, or a multiple of the
standard error.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.8 refuse-derived fuels—solid forms of refuse-derived
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fuels from which appropriate analytical samples may be
D 3173 Test Method for Moisture in theAnalysis Sample of
prepared are defined as follows in ASTM STP 832.
Coal and Coke
RDF-1—Wastes used as a fuel in as-discarded form with
E 180 Practice for Developing Precision ofASTM Methods
only bulky wastes removed.
for Analysis and Testing of Industrial Chemicals
RDF-2—Wastes processed to coarse particle size with or
without ferrous metal separation.
3. Terminology
RDF-3—Combustible waste fraction processed to particle
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
sizes, 95 % passing 2-in. square screening.
3.1.1 air drying—a process of partial drying of RDF to
RDF-4—Combustible waste fraction processed into powder
bring its moisture content near to equilibrium with the atmo-
form, 95 % passing 10-mesh screening.
RDF-5—Combustible waste fraction densified (compressed)
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
into the form of pellets, slugs, cubettes, or briquettes.
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.02 on
3.1.9 representative sample—a sample collected in such a
Municipal Recovery and Reuse.
manner that it has characteristics equivalent to the lot sample.
Current edition approved Aug. 28, 1987. Published October 1987. Orginally
published as E 790 – 81. Last previous edition E 790 – 81.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Thesaurus on Resource Recovery Terminology, ASTM STP 832, ASTM, 1983,
the ASTM website. p. 72.
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E790–87 (2004)
3.1.10 sample division—the process of extracting a smaller RDF samples for analysis. Containers shall be checked for
sample from a sample so that the representative properties of suitability by measuring weight loss or gain of the sample and
thelargersampleareretained.Duringthisprocessitisassumed container stored for 1 week under ambient laboratory condi-
that no change in particle size or other characteristics occurs. tions. The weight loss or gain should be less than 0.5 % of the
3.1.11 sample preparation—the process that includes dry- sample weight stored in the container.
ing, size reduction, division, and mixing of a laboratory sample
7. Precautions
for the purpose of obtaining an unbiased analysis sample.
3.1.12 sample reduction—the process whereby sample par-
7.1 Due to the origins of RDF in municipal waste, common
ticle size is reduced without change in sample weight.
sense dictates that some precautions should be observed when
3.1.13 significant loss—any loss that introduces a bias in
conducting tests on the samples. Recommended hygienic
final results that is of appreciable importance to concerned
practices include use of gloves when handling RDF; wearing
parties.
dust masks (NIOSH-approved type), especially when shred-
ding RDF samples; conducting tests under negative pressure
4. Summary of Test Method
hood when possible; and washing hands before eating or
4.1 This test method is based on the loss in weight of an
smoking.
air-dried analysis sample of RDF under rigidly controlled 7.2 Laboratory sample handling shall be performed by
conditions of temperature, time, and air flow.
trained personnel. All operations shall be done rapidly as
4.2 The total moisture is calculated from the loss or gain in possible to avoid sample moisture changes due to
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