ASTM D5023-99

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-Point Bending)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for gathering and reporting the visco-elastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The data generated, using three-point bending techniques, may be used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastics material or composition using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for determining the modulus as a function of temperature for a wide variety of plastics materials using nonresonant forced-vibration techniques, in accordance with Practice D 4065. Plots of the elastic (storage); loss (viscous); and complex moduli and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material system.
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.
1.4 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differences from results observed in another study can usually be reconciled, without changing the observed data, by reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data were obtained.
1.5 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.
1.6 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-2001
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.10 - Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D5023-01 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-Point Bending)
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4065-20 - Standard Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6382/D6382M-99(2022) - Standard Practice for Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Thermogravimetry of Roofing and Waterproofing Membrane Material
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5023 – 99 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Plastics
Using Three-Point Bending
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers the use of dynamic mechanical
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
instrumentation for gathering and reporting the visco-elastic
2. Referenced Documents
properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and com-
posite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The data
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
generated, using three-point bending techniques, may be used
Insulating Materials for Testing
to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastics
D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-
material or composition using a variety of dynamic mechanical
rials
instruments.
D 4065 Practice for Determining and Reporting Dynamic
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for
Mechanical Properties of Plastics
determining the modulus as a function of temperature for a
D 4092 Terminology Relating to Dynamic Mechanical
wide variety of plastics materials using nonresonant forced-
Measurements on Plastics
vibration techniques, in accordance with Practice D 4065. Plots
3. Terminology
of the elastic (storage); loss (viscous); and complex moduli and
tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are
3.1 Definitions: For definitions applicable to this test
indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical method refer to Terminology D 4092.
performance of the polymeric material system.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies,
typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz. 4.1 A specimen of rectangular cross section is tested in
1.4 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained flexure as a beam. The bar rests on two supports and is loaded
under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differ- by means of a loading nose midway between the supports. The
ences from results observed in another study can usually be test specimen of known geometry is placed in mechanical
reconciled, without changing the observed data, by reporting in linear displacement at fixed frequencies at either isothermal
full (as described in this test method) the conditions under conditions or with linear temperature increases. The elastic
which the data were obtained. moduli or loss moduli, or both, of the polymeric material
1.5 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data system are measured using three-point bending.
generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily
NOTE 2—The particular method for measurement of the elastic and loss
absolute property values.
moduli and tan delta depends upon the individual instrument’s operating
1.6 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and
principles.
appropriate for use in engineering design.
5. Significance and Use
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of character-
only.
izing the thermomechanical behavior of plastics materials
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
using very small amounts of material. The data obtained may
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
be used for quality control, research and development, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
establishment of optimum processing conditions.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive test
method for determining thermomechanical characteristics by
measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved March 10, 1999. Published June 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
published as D 5023 – 89. Last previous edition D 5023 – 95a. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
D 5023
frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta molded shapes, or may be molded to the desired finished
of a material versus temperature provide graphical representa- dimensions. Typically, the support span shall be 16 (tolerance
tion indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure +4 or −2) times the depth of the beam. Specimens shall be long
(thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior under enough to allow overhanging on each end of at least 10 % of
specified conditions. the support span, but in no case less than 6.4 mm (0.25 in.) on
5.3 This test method can be used to assess: each end. Overhang shall be sufficient to prevent the specimen
5.3.1 Modulus as a function of temperature, from slipping through the supports. A typical rectangular test
5.3.2 Modulus as a function of frequency, beam is 64 by 13 by 3 mm (2.5 by 0.5 by 0.125 in.) tested
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, flatwise on a support span, resulting in a support-to-span ratio
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure of 16 (tolerance +4 or −2). Rectangular test specimens of other
and damping. dimensions can be used but should be clearly identified in the
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabri- report section.
cation) on modulus, and
9. Calibration
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives which might
9.1 Calibrate the instrument using procedures recommended
affect processability or performance.
by the manufacturer.
5.4 For many materials, there may be a specification that
requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural
10. Conditioning
modifications that take precedence when adhering to the
10.1 Condition the test specimens at 23.0 6 2°C
specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material
(73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less
specification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classi-
than 40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of
fication System D 4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that
Pract
...